Testbank questions for Test 4 (Chapter 11) TRUE/FALSE.

Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. 2) Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. 3) Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. 4) Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. 5) Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. 6) During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. 7) Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. 8) Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. 9) The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons. 10) In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. 11) Action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes. 12) Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential between these two points. 13) Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine. 14) The two major classes of graded potentials are transmitter potentials and receptor potentials. 15) A graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential. 16) Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. 17) The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neural processes. 18) Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. 1 1)

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19) If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 20) Direct-acting neurotransmitters ________. A) open ion channels to provoke rapid responses B) require cyclic AMP C) mediate very slow responses D) act through second messengers 21) Which of the following is correct relative to Ohm's law? A) R = V + I B) The more intense the stimulus, the more voltage changes. C) Current is directly proportional to the voltage. D) I = R / V 22) Ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid are called ________. A) oligodendrocytes C) ependymal cells 23) The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. A) axolemma B) neurilemma C) white matter D) myelin sheath B) astrocytes D) Schwann cells

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24) Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. A) motor neurons C) found in ganglia B) found in the retina of the eye D) called neuroglial cells

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25) An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is ________. A) norepinephrine C) cholinesterase B) acetylcholine D) gamma aminobutyric acid

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26) The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. A) depolarization C) repolarization B) absolute refractory period D) resting period

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27) Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? A) Nissl bodies B) dendrites 2 C) axon D) synaptic cleft

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28) The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. A) axon B) Schwann cell C) neurolemma D) dendrite

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29) The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the ________. A) cell body B) synapse C) effector D) receptor

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30) The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ________. A) stimulate the production of serotonin B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings D) act as a transmitting agent 31) Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A) innervation of glands B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract D) innervation of skeletal muscle 32) Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. A) tracts B) ganglia C) nuclei D) nerves

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33) The term central nervous system refers to the ________. A) brain and spinal cord C) spinal cord and spinal nerves B) autonomic nervous system D) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

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34) The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. A) cholinesterase C) ion B) neurotransmitter D) biogenic amine

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35) A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. A) efferent neuron C) association neuron B) glial cell D) afferent neuron

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36) Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? A) Na B) Ca C) Mg D) Cl

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37) The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ________. A) a dendrite C) an axon B) a Schwann cell D) a neurolemma

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38) Choose the statement that is most correct about membrane potential. A) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode on one end of the axon and another electrode on the other end. B) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane. C) Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode on the axon and grounding the other electrode. 39) The sodium-potassium pump ________. A) pumps three sodium ions inside the cell and two potassium ions outside B) pumps two sodium ions outside the cell and three potassium ions inside C) pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside D) pumps two sodium ions inside the cell and three potassium ions outside 40) An action potential ________. A) involves impulse propagation dependent on chemically gated ion channels B) is essential for impulse propagation C) is initiated by potassium ion movement D) involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane 41) Select the correct statement about synapses. A) Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. C) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. D) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells. 42) The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the ________. A) autonomic nervous system C) somatic nervous system B) voluntary nervous system D) central nervous system

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43) Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. A) oligodendrocytes C) microglia 4 B) astrocytes D) Schwann cells

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44) Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. A) microglia C) astrocytes B) ependymal cells D) oligodendrocytes

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45) Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? A) potassium B) calcium C) sodium D) chloride

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46) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. A) hyperpolarization B) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur C) a change in sodium ion permeability D) opening of voltage-regulated channels 47) Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? A) Specific sodium gates will open. B) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. C) Specific potassium gates will open. D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. 48) Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? A) The bulk of the solutions inside a cell are negatively charged. B) Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. C) Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels. D) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes. 49) ________ is an indolamine. A) Epinephrine B) Tyrosine C) Serotonin D) Dopamine

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50) A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. A) the membrane potential has been reestablished B) all sodium gates are closed C) proteins have been resynthesized D) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell

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51) In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. A) positively charged and contains more sodium B) positively charged and contains less sodium C) negatively charged and contains less sodium D) negatively charged and contains more sodium 52) If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only B) muscle contraction would occur C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur 53) Select the correct statement about serial processing. A) Memories are triggered by serial processing. B) Input travels along several different pathways. C) Smells are processed by serial pathways. D) Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 54) That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. 55) ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other. 56) A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. 57) ________ law is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. 58) ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. 59) ________ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults. 54)

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