Structural Analysis
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hampshireiiiSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
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I
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY 4-UNITS APARTMENT
Mr. & Mrs. Henry Malibiran
Brgy. San Cristobal, Calamba City, Laguna
Analysis of Two Way Slab
Floor Loads
Dead Loads (DL)
WSLAB
WPARTITION
WCEILING
Live Load (LL)
Residential
= (0.10)(24)
= 2.4 KPa
= 1 KN/m
= 1 Kpa
= 2.0 Kpa
Total Floor Loads
= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
= 1.4 (2.4 + 1 + 1) + 1.7 (2)
= 6.16 + 3.4
= 9.56 KN/m
Considering 1 m strip = 9.56 KN/m
m = s / l = 3.288 / 3.85 = 0.85
Minimum thickness of slab (t)
= Perimeter / 180 = 2(3.85 + 3.288) / 180
= 79.31 mm say 100 mm
d = 100 25 (rebar distance from concrete surface) = 75 mm
fy = 276 MPa
fc = 21 MPa
Design of Slab
Negative Moments; Case 4 (NSCP Book)
Neg Cs = 0.060
Neg Cb = 0.040
Ms = Cs W LS2 = 0.060 (9.56)(3.29) 2 = 6.21 KN.m
Mb = Cb W LL2 = 0.040 (9.56)(3.85) 2 = 5.67 KN.m
Along Short Direction (S)
+ MsDL = 0.033 (6.16)(3.29) 2 = 2.20 KN.m
+ MsLL = 0.039 (3.40)(3.29) 2 = 1.44 KN.m
+ MsT = 3.64 KN.m
Along Long Direction (L)
+ MbDL = 0.022 (6.16)(3.85) 2 = 2.01 KN.m
+ MbLL = 0.026 (3.40)(3.85) 2 = 1.31 KN.m
+ MbT = 3.32 KN.m
Negative Moment @ Discontinuous Edge Equals of 1/3 of Positive Moments
- Ms = (1/3)(3.64) = 1.21 KN.m
- Mb = (1/3)(3.34) = 1.11 KN.m
Steel Requirements Along Short Direction
b = 1000 mm (considering 1 m strip)
d = 100 mm
MIN = 0.00507
Moment Minimum (M) = b d fy ((1 0.59 (fy / fc))
MMIN = 12.10 KN.m
@ Midspan
Mu = 3.64 KN.m < MMIN therefore use MIN
(Area of steel needed) As = b d = 0.00507 (1000) (100) = 507 mm
Using 10 mm diameter rebar (Minimum bar diameter for slab)
As10 = d10 / 4 = 78.54 mm
S = (b / As) / As10 = (1000 / 507) (78.54) = 154.9 mm say 150 mm
Use 10 mm diameter reinforcement bar spaced @ 150 mm.o.c.
@ Continuous Edge
Mu = 6.21 KN.m < MMIN therefore use MIN
As = b d = 0.00507 (1000) (100) = 507 mm
Using 10 mm diameter rebar
As10 = d10 / 4 = 78.54 mm
S = (b / As) / As10 = (1000 / 507) (78.54) = 154.9 mm say 150 mm
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Use 10 mm diameter reinforcement bar spaced @ 150 mm.o.c.
@ Discontinuous Edge
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan, bent up two of every 3 bars from the
bottom steel
Using 10 mm diameter bar:
As = 507 mm2
Spacing = 150(3) = 450 mm
Steel Requirements Along Long Direction
@ Midspan
Mu = 3.32 KN.m < MMIN therefore use MIN
As = b d = 0.00507 (1000) (100) = 507 mm
Using 10 mm diameter rebar
As10 = d10 / 4 = 78.54 mm
S = (b / As) / As10 = (1000 / 507) (78.54) = 154.9 mm say 150 mm
Use 10 mm diameter reinforcement bar spaced @ 150 mm.o.c.
@ Continuous Edge
Mu = 5.67 KN.m < MMIN therefore use MIN
As = b d = 0.00507 (1000) (100) = 507 mm
Using 10 mm diameter rebar
As10 = d10 / 4 = 78.54 mm
S = (b / As) / As10 = (1000 / 507) (78.54) = 154.9 mm say 150 mm
Use 10 mm diameter reinforcement bar spaced @ 150 mm.o.c.
@ Discontinuous Edge
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan, bent up two of every 3 bars from the
bottom steel
Using 10 mm diameter bar:
As = 507 mm2
Spacing = 150(3) = 450 mm
Therfore; Adopt 10mm diameter Rebar spaced @ 150mm.o.c.
Use the same reinforcement bar & spacing for the rest of the slab.
II
Analysis of Singly Reinforced Beam
B1 (Second Floor Beams)
Using: fc = 21 Mpa
Fy = 276 Mpa
MIN = 0.00507
Floor Loads
Dead Load
100mm thick slab
= (0.12)(2.4)(9.81) = 2.83 KN/m
Beam
= (0.15 x 0.40)(2.4)(9.81) = 1.41 KN/m
Ceiling
= 1 KN/m
Partition
= 1 KN/m
Total
=6.24 KN/m
Live Load
Residential
= 2 Kpa
Load Distribution
From slab (3.29 x 3.85) m = 0.85
DL:
LL:
WSDL = 3.29(WSLAB + CEILING) / 3 = (3.28)(3.83) / 3 = 4.19 KN/m
WLDL = ((3.85(WSLAB + CEILING)) / 3) ((3 m) / 2) = 5.60 KN/m
WSLL = 3.29(live load) / 3 = (3.29)(2) / 3 = 2.19 KN/m
WLLL = ((3.85)(2)/3) ((3 m) / 2) = 2.93 KN/m
Steel Requirements
Assume a simply supported beam
Span (L) = 3.85 m
Total Load (Wu) = 1.4 (5.60 + 1 + 1.41) + 1.7 (2.93 + 2) = 19.59 KN/m
Moment (Mu) = WuL / 8 = 36.30 KN.m
Try 200mm x 400mm Dimension
D
= 400mm
d
= 340mm
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b
= 200mm
MIN
= 0.00507
MAX
= ((0.75)(0.85)(fc)()(600)) / (fy(600 + fy)) = 0.02824
= 0.85
= 0.90
Es(Elasticity of steel) = 200 000 Mpa
Mu
Rn
=
=
=
=
36.30 KN.m
Mu / bd = ((36.30)(1000) ) / ((0.9)(200)(340) ) = 1.74
(0.85fc/276)((1 1 2Rn/0.85fc)
0.00665 > MIN ductile, steel yields
ASTEEL
A16
= b d = (0.00665)(200)(340) = 452.20 mm
= 16 / 4 = 201.06
Try 6 16mm dimater reinforcement bar
Aactual = 16 / 4 (6) = 1,206.36 mm > Asteel required
Use 6 16 mm diameter reinforcement bar
Ultimate Strength of the Section
As = /4 (16) 2 (6) = 1,206.36 mm
Assume fs = fy
Compression = Tension
0.85fc ab = Asfy
0.85(21) a (200) = 1,206.36(276)
a = 93.26
a=c
= 0.85 for fc < 30 Mpa
93.26 = 0.85 c
c = 109.72
340 c = 230.28
By ratio & proportion
0.003/109.72 = s/230.28
s = .0063
y = 276/Es = 0.00138
s > fy/Es ..steel yields
Moment Max = Asfy (d a/2)
MMAX = (0.90)( 1,206.36)(276)(340-93.26/2)
= 87.91 KN.m > 36.30 KN.m
MMAX > MuSAFE
Web Reinforcement
Wu = 19.59 KN.m
Ultimate shear at distance d from support
Vu
= Wu L Wu d
Vu
= ((19.59)(3.85) / 2) 19.59 (.340)
= 37.71 6.66
= 31.05
Allowable shear of concrete
Vc = 1/6 fc bd = 51.94
Vc = 23.37 < Vu
Vu Vc it needs reinforcement
Vs = (31.05 / 0.85) 51.94 = 15.41
Using 10mm stirrups
Av = 10 / 2 = 157.08 mm
Spacing
S = Av fy d / Vs = (157.08)(276)(340) / 15.41 = 956.55 mm
Check Vs < 1/3 fc bd
15.41 < 103.87
ACI code when Vs < 1/3 fc bd
S = d/2 = 170
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Therefore; Provide 10 mm diameter closed stirrups spaced @ 170mm.o.c.
Note: Use the same reinforcement bar for the rest of second floor beams
III
Analysis of Column
Column 2 C2
Tied Column Specification (ACI codes)
= 0.01 0.08
Min no. of bars = 4 16mm diameter for square column
Spacing
= S 16db
= S 48dt
= S / 450mm
Assume an Axially loaded column
Trial Dimension
= 200mm x 400mm
Trial Reinf.
= 6 16mm diameter bar
Total As = /4 (16) 2 (6)
= 1206.37mm2
Ag
= 200 x 400 = 80, 000 mm
Assume = 0.03
Pu = DL + LL = 79.04 + 54.12 = 133.16 say 135 KN
Capacity
PCAP
PCAP
=
=
=
=
> Pu
0.85 (0.85 fc (Ag As) + fy As)
0.476 (17.85(80000-1206.37) + 276(1206.37))
0.476 (1406466.3 + 332958.12)
827.97 KN
= As / Ag = 0.01508
MIN < 0.01508 < 0.08
therefore its Safe!!!
Provide 200mm x 400mm Concrete Column Reinforced with 6 16mm
diameter diameter Vertical Bars.
Web Reinforcement
S = 48 dt = 480 mm
S = 16 db = 256 mm
S = LeastDim = 200 mm
Provide 10 mm diameter Lateral Ties spaced at 200mm minimum.
IV
Analysis of Column Footing
Column Footing 1 CF 1
Column Dimension = 200mm x 400mm
Assume weigth of footing to be 10% of the column load
Pu = 270 (1.1) = 297 KN
Depth = 1.50 m
Effective soil pressure
Assume effective soil pressure = 100 Kpa
WTSOIL = 15.7 KN/m3
Effective e
= 270 (1)(15.7) (0.30)(2.4)(9.81)
= 270 15.7 7.06
= 247.24 Kpa
Area of footing
e
= 247.24 Kpa
A
= Pu / e
= 297 / 247.24
= 1.20 mm
L
= 1.10 say 1.20 m
Net upward soil pressure
Qu = 270 / 1.202 = 187.50 Kpa
Critical shear at a distance d from face of column
Vu = Pu 187.50 (d + 0.30) 2
Assume d = 225mm
Vu = 270 187.50 (0.2756) = 218.33 KN
VP = Vu / bd
Allowable VP = 1/3 fc = 1.53 Kpa
VP = 218.33 / (0.85)(1.20)(0.225)(1000) = 0.95 Kpa
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0.95 < 1.53 . OK
Critical section for bending is at the face of the column
Mu
=
Rn
=
= 0.40
=
MIN
=
As
=
=
=
187.50 (1.20) (0.40) 2 / 2 = 18 KN.m
Mu / bd
((0.85 fc) / fy) (1 1 (2Rn / 0.85fc))
0.00147 < MIN
thefore: use MIN
0.00507
bd
(0.00507)(1000)(225)
1,140.75 mm
Try 8 16mm rebar
A16
= 201.06 mm
A16total
=1,608.48 mm
Provide 1.2m x 1.20m x 0.30m concrete footing with 8 16mm diameter
bottom rebars bothways.
Use same dimension and rebars for the rest of the footings.
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Prepared By:
Antonio P. Curva
Civil Engineer
PRC #: 086681
PTR #: 48668149
Date: 01-19-12
Issued at: Lopez, Quezon
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