III. Health and Illness: 1.Recall concepts learned about man as an individual and as a member of the family 2.

Define Health. Wellness and Illness 3.Explain the dimensions of wellness 4.Discuss the Health-Illness Continuum 5.Enumerate the stages of wellness and Illness 6.Describe the three levels of

Basic Interventions to Maintain 1.Healthy lifestyle, 2.Oxygenation 3.Fluid and electrolyte balance 4.Nutrition 5.Elimination 6.Temperature regulation 7.Mobility and exercise 8.Hygiene and comfort, 9.Safety, security and privacy 10.Psychosocial and Spiritual Concerns

Meeting needs related to death and dying/grief and grieving 2. Concept of death and dying/grief and grieving 3. Care of the terminally ill patients and their families 4. Post mortem care
1.

NURSING AS AN ART 1.Definition of Arts 2.Why is nursing an art? 3.Concepts related to the art of nursing 4.Self-awareness/concept (Who am I?) 5.Self enhancement (How do I become a better person?) 6.Caring : An Integral Component of Nursing 7.Nursing Client relationship 8.Therapeutic communication 9.Focus of nursing

World Health Organization Health is the complete physical, mental, social (totality) wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

 Health

is individually defined by each person a personal level, individuals define health according to how they feel absence or presence of symptoms of illness and ability to carry out activities

On

 Objective pathologic process Pathologic change in the

structure or function of the mind and body Alteration in body function A reduction of capacities or a shortening of life span

 Highly

subjective feeling of being sick or ill the person feels towards sickness the Nurse

How

Concerns

the the

presence of symptoms perception of how they feel their ability to carry out daily activities

 Acute

Illness Characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration Symptoms often appear abruptly, subside quickly May or may not require intervention by health care professionals Most people return to normal level

 Chronic

Illness

Lasts for an extended period (6 months or longer) Usually has a slow onset Often have periods of remissions (symptoms disappear) and exacerbations (symptoms reappear) Care includes promoting independence, sense of control, and wellness Learn how to live with physical limitations and discomfort

Clients are not held responsible for their condition 2. Clients are not excused from certain social roles and tasks 3. Clients are obligated to try to get well as quickly as possible 4. Clients or their families are obligated to seek competent help
1.

1. Stage 1: Symptom Experience Client realizes there is a problem Client responds emotionally 2. Stage 2: Sick Role Assumption Self-medication / Self-treatment Communication to others

3. Stage 3: Medication Care contact

4. Stage 4: Assuming a Dependent Role Accepts the diagnosis Follows prescribed treatment 5. Stage 5: Recovery and rehabilitation

3. Stage 3: Medical care contact Seeks advice of a health professional to: Validate real illness Explain illness in understandable terms Get reassurance (may accept or deny diagnosis) 4. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

On the client
Behavioral and emotional changes Loss of autonomy (autonomy is the state of being

independent and self-directed without outside control) Self-concept and body image changes Lifestyle changes (lifestyle is a general way of living based on the interplay between living condition in the wide sense and individual pattern of behaviour as determined by socio-cultural factors and personal characteristic) Privacy is usually affected (privacy is described as comfortable feeling reflecting a deserved degree of social retreat or freedom from authorized intrusion)

 On

the Family Depends on: Member of the family who is ill Seriousness and length of the illness Cultural and social customs the family follows

1. explanations about adjustments 2. arrangements to accommodate lifestyle 3. encourage health professionals to become aware of changes and give support 4. reinforce desirable changes in practice

Illness

without disease is possible without illness is possible

Disease

 State

of well-being

Subjective perception of vitality and feeling well Described objectively, experienced, measured Can be plotted on a continuum
Basic

aspects include:

Self-responsibility An ultimate goal A dynamic, growing process Daily decision-making in areas related to health

1.

Clinical Model Provides the narrowest interpretation of health People viewed as physiologic systems Health identified by the absence of signs and symptoms or injury State of not being sick Opposite of health is disease or

2. Role Performance Model Ability to fulfill societal roles Healthy even if clinically ill if roles fulfilled Sickness is the inability to perform ones role 3. Adaptive Model Creative process Disease is a failure in adaptation or Extreme good health is flexible adap Focus is stability

4. Eudemonistic Model Comprehensive view of health Condition of actualization or realization of a persons potential Illness is a condition that prevents self-actualization

 also

called ecologic agent ,used in predicting illness rather than promoting wellness has 3 dynamic interactive elements Each factor constantly interacts with the otheWhen in balance, health is maintained When not in balance, disease occurs

Dunns

high level wellness

grid Traviss illness wellness continuum Health Belief model Health locus of control model

 Measure

persons perceived level of

wellness Health and illness/disease opposite ends of a health continuum Move back and forth within this continuum day by day Wide ranges of health or illness

Factors Affecting Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices

 Biologic dimension (genetic makeup, gender, age, and developmental level) Psychologic dimension (mind-body interactions and self-concept) Cognitive dimension (intellectual factors include lifestyle choices and spiritual and religious beliefs)

Physical environment Standards of living Family and cultural beliefs Social support networks

 Client motivation Degree of lifestyle change necessary Perceived severity of problem Value placed on reducing the threat of illness Difficulty in understanding and performing specific behaviors Degree of inconvenience of the illness itself or of the regimens Complexity, side effects, and duration of the proposed therapy Specific cultural heritage that may make adherence difficult Degree of satisfaction and quality and type of relationship with the health care providers