Lightning Protection
Facts about Lightning
A strike can average 100 million volts of
electricity
Current of up to 100,000 amperes
Can generate 54,000 oF
Lightning strikes somewhere on the Earth
every second
Kills 100 US residents per year
Lightning Doesnt Go Straight Down
What Does This Mean?
Lightning can strike ground up to ten miles
from a storm (Lightning out of the blue)
There is an average of 2-3 miles between
strikes
So how can we tell how far away lightning
has struck?
Use The Five Second Rule
Light travels at about 186,291 miles/second
miles
Sound travels at only 1,088 feet/second
feet
You will see the flash of lightning almost
immediately
5280/1088= 4.9
About 5 seconds for sound to travel 1 mile
Stepped Leader
Streamers
Benjamin Franklin
memperkenalkan sistem perangkap kilat pada 1752
Tujuan Perlindungan Kilat
Mengelakkan panahan kilat (strike)
daripada merosakkan peralatan elektrik &
elektronik
Untuk bangunan yang melebihi dua tingkat
Untuk bangunan tunggal di kawasan tinggi
atau lapang
Untuk bangunan atau struktur yang
terdedah kepada ancaman kilat
Four Main Features of Lightning
Protection
1) Air terminal
2) Conductors
3) Ground termination
4) Surge protection
Sistem Perlindungan Kilat
1) Horizontal conductor (copper)/
aluminium)
2) Down Conductor (copper/ aluminium
tape, G.I)
3) Incpection Point/ Test Clamp
4) Earth Chamber
5) Earth Electrode
6) Air Terminal (copper)
Air Terminal and Conductors
Grounding Rod
Lightning Protection System Accessories
Lightning Protection System Accessories
Surge Protection Device
Surge Protection Device Installation
Surge Protection Is A Must
Lightning Protection System Installation
Lightning Protection System Installation
Faraday Cage Concept
LIGHTNING
STRIKE
Lightning Protection System
Strap Fastener
Horizontal
Conductor
Mounting
Base
Down
Conductor
LIGHTNING ROD/ AIR TERMINAL
DOWN
CONDUCTOR
FOR GROUND
CONNECTION
Copper Strap
PLATE TYPE TEST CLAMP
Jenis Down Conductor
Pita tembaga (copper tape) 3mm x 25mm
Pita Aluminium
G.I Cable
DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP
DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP
GROUND
CONNECTION
GROUND
CONNECTION
Ground Electrode
These consist of some form of deeply buried
conductor, since the major earth resistance lies
on the top soil
Discovered by Karl August Steinheil in 1836.
Ground can be used as a return path to
complete a circuit
Buried copper or galvanized earth plate have
largely given place to threaded copper-clad
steel-cored rods
GROUND CONNECTION
Cadweld Method
GROUND
CONNECTION
Types Of Electrode
Earth rods or pipes
Earth tapes or wires
Earth plates
Earth electrodes embedded in foundation
Metallic reinforcement of concrete structure
Metal pipes
Lead sheaths or other metallic covering of
cables (especially underground cables)
EARTH ELECTRODES
TELECOM
GROUNDING
ELECTRICAL
POWER
GROUNDING
LIGHTNING
DOWN
CONDUCTOR
GROUNDING
EARTH LOOPS & EARTH DIFFERENTIALS
METAL PIPES GROUNDING
EARTH ELECTRODES
EARTH CLAMPS
EARTH PIT/
CHAMBER
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR EARTH
Earth Resistance
The earth resistance depends on soil
resistivity and characteristic. The type of
suitable for earth electrode are:
Wet marshy ground
Clay, loam soil, arable land
Clay soil, loam mixed with small quantity
of sand
Damp and wet sand
Earth Resistance
Achieving a good earth depend on local
condition. There are 3 factors:
Moisture content of the soil
Chemical composition of the soil
Temperature of the soil
Earth Resistance
In area of high soil resistivity, it is difficult
to obtain an earth resistance say 1 Ohm or
less. Several option are available in the
form of soil conditioning agent e.g copper
sulphate, sodium carbonate, bentonite &
marconite
Current Electrode
Potential Electrode
Earth Electrode
EARTH RESISTANCE TEST
EARTH RESISTANCE TEST
PURATA RINTANGAN PADA BUMI
ROCK SOIL
10000 OHM/ METER
Rintangan Elektrod Bumi untuk
Sistem Perlindungan Kilat
Maksima
10 Ohm
Malaysia Standard MS IEC 61024-1-1:2001,
Perenggan 2.3.3.1 menyatakan nilai rintangan
bumi untuk alat perangkap kilat hendaklah di
bawah 10 .
Jenis Sambungan Ke Elektrod
Earth Clip
Plumbed joint
Brazing (copper)
Bolt & nut/ socketing
Exothermic welding (CADWELD/ FURSE WELD)
Cold pressure welding
EARTH CLIPS
EARTH TAPE CLIPS
Tamat....
