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Proving Theorems

This document covers several geometry theorems including: - The midpoint theorem, which states that if M is the midpoint of line segment AB, then AM = 1/2 AB and MB = 1/2 AB. - The angle bisector theorem, which states that if a bisector divides an angle into two congruent angles, then the bisector divides the opposite sides into two congruent segments. - The vertical angle theorem, which states that vertical angles are always congruent. - Parallel line theorems such as the alternate interior angle theorem, alternate exterior angle theorem, and same side interior angles theorem relating angles formed by parallel lines and a transversal. - The document provides examples of how to prove each

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Roanne Mae Mañalac
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207 views21 pages

Proving Theorems

This document covers several geometry theorems including: - The midpoint theorem, which states that if M is the midpoint of line segment AB, then AM = 1/2 AB and MB = 1/2 AB. - The angle bisector theorem, which states that if a bisector divides an angle into two congruent angles, then the bisector divides the opposite sides into two congruent segments. - The vertical angle theorem, which states that vertical angles are always congruent. - Parallel line theorems such as the alternate interior angle theorem, alternate exterior angle theorem, and same side interior angles theorem relating angles formed by parallel lines and a transversal. - The document provides examples of how to prove each

Uploaded by

Roanne Mae Mañalac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROVING

THEOREMS

THEOREM
A result that has been
proved to be true (using
facts that were already
known).

OINT

What is MIDPOINT??

Is the middle point of a


line segment. It is
equidistant from both
end points, and it is the
centroid, both of the

Midpoint theorem
If M is the midpoint of AB, then AM = AB and MB is AB
Prove: AM = AB ; MB= AB

M is the
midpoint of
AB.

MB = AB
Substitution Property

Given

AM =~MB
or
AM = MB
Definition of Midpoint

AM + MB =
AB
Segment
addition
postulate

AM + AM =
AB or
2AM = AB

AM = AB

Substitution
property (steps
2 and 3)

Division
Property

Angle
Bisector
Theorem

What Is Angle Bisector??

Angle Bisector
A line that splits an
angle into two equal
angles.
("Bisect" means to
divide into two equal

Angle Bisector Theorem


T

Given: If AD bisects <BAC, AB ED, AC


FPProve: ED~= FD
T

AD bisects < BAC;


AB ED; AC FD
T

Given

<AED and <AFD


are right angles
Definition
of lines

~ <FAD
<BAD =

Definition of
< bisector

~ <AED
<AED =
All right < s
are
congruent

~ AD
AD =
Reflexive
Property

~ AFD
AED =

AAS

~ FD
ED =

Corresponding
parts of
congruent
triangles are
congruent
(CPCTC)

Vertical
Angle
Theorem

What Is VERTICAL
ANGLES??

VERTICAL ANGLES
are the angles opposite each
other when two lines cross
"Vertical" in this case means
theyshare the same
Vertex(corner point), not the
usual meaning of up-down.

Vertical Angles Theorem

Given: <1 and <2 are vertical angles


~
Prove: <1 = <2
m <1 + m <3 =
180
m <2 + m <3 =
180

3
2

~ <2
<1 =

Angle addition postulate

m<1 + m<3 m<3


= m<2 + m<3
m<3
Substitution
Property

Definition of
congruence
m<1 = m<2

Subtraction
property of

Theorems
including parallel
lines

Alternate interior angles theorem


If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal then alternate
interior angles are congruent.
Given: 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal
Prove: <4 and <5 are alternate interior angles
and are congruent
2 parallel lines are
cut by a
transversal
Given

<1 and <4 are


Vertical Angles
Definition of
vertical angles

<1 and <5 are~


=
Corresponding
Angle Postulate

~ <4
<1 =
Vertical Angle
Theorem

n
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8

~ <5
<4 =
(since <4, <5 are
Alternate Interior
Angles)
Substitution
Property

Same Side Interior Angle


Theorem
If 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal, the angles in
the same side are supplementary
Given: 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal
Prove: <5 and <3 are supplementary
2 parallel lines
are cut by a
transversal
Given

<1 and <5 are


corresponding
angles
Definition of
corresponding angles

<1 and <3 are


linear pair
Definition of linear
pair

~ <5
<1 =
Corresponding angle
postulate

<1 + <3 =
180
Linear pair
postulate

<5 + <3 =
180
Substitution
Prop. (3,5)

<5 and <3 are


supplementary
(since <5 and <3
are same sides
inter. <s)
Definition of
supplementary
<s

Alternate Exterior Angle


Theorem

If 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal, alternate interior angles are


congruent.
Given: 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal
Prove: <2~= <7

2 parallel lines
are cut by
transversal
Given

<3 & <7 are


corresponding
<s

~ <7
<3 =

Definition of
corresponding angles

Corresponding Angle
Postulate

<2 & <3 are


vertical <s

~ <3
<2 =

Definition of
vertical angles

Vertical Angle
Theorem

~ <7
<2 =
(<2 & <7 are
Alternate Exterior
Angles)

Substitution
Prop. (3,5)

ACTIVITY
Identify the following.
______________1. A result that has been proved to be true (using facts that were
already known).
______________2. Is the middle point of a line segment.
_____________3.
____________4.

A line that splits an angle into two equal angles.

Are the angles opposite each other when two lines cross

______________5. is alinethat passes through twolinesin the same plane at two


distinct points.

QUIZ
Prove the following theorems.
1. Midpoint theorem
2. Angle Bisector theorem
3. Vertical Angle theorem
4. Alternate Interior angle theorem
5. Alternate exterior angle theorem
6. Same side Interior angle theorem

PREPARED BY:
Roxas, Rollan Ray
Abrena, Norma Alejandra
De Guzman, Geraldine
Maalac, Roanne Mae
Mujeres, Daphne

9- Carlos P.

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