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Chemical Engineering Distillation

A 250 lb mixture of 70% benzene and 30% toluene undergoes batch distillation. After one-third of the mass (83.3 lb) distills, the compositions of the distillate and residue are calculated. By applying Raoult's and Dalton's laws along with vapor pressure data, the distillate composition is determined to be 0.8236 mol% benzene and the residue composition is 0.6382 mol% benzene.

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731 views8 pages

Chemical Engineering Distillation

A 250 lb mixture of 70% benzene and 30% toluene undergoes batch distillation. After one-third of the mass (83.3 lb) distills, the compositions of the distillate and residue are calculated. By applying Raoult's and Dalton's laws along with vapor pressure data, the distillate composition is determined to be 0.8236 mol% benzene and the residue composition is 0.6382 mol% benzene.

Uploaded by

Dozdi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLE PROBLEM #8:

A charge of 250 lb of 70 mol% benzene and


30 mol% toluene is subjected to batch differential
distillation at atmospheric pressure. Determine the
compositions of the distillate and residue after
one-third of the original mass is distilled off.
Assume the mixture forms an ideal solution and
apply Raoult’s and Dalton’s laws with vapor-
pressure data.
SOLUTION
V=1/3L1

condenser

L1 = 250lb
1 ATM D
x1 = 0.7
L, x
Assume mixture is ideal
still pot solution
Apply Raoult’s and Dalton’s
XD , X = ? law with VP data
• Given the vapor pressure data
P
RAOULT’S LAW: C6H6  x P 
C6H6 C6H6

DALTON’S LAW: PC6H6  PC7H8  P

- Combining Dalton and Raoult’s Law we get:

 
PC 6H6 x C6H6  PC 7H8 1 x C6H6  P
P  PC7H8

therefore: x C 6H6
PC 6H6  PC 7H8

PC6H6 PC 6H6 x C6H6


y C 6H 6  
P P
• Vapor-pressure data
P
C6H6 , kPa C7H8 , kPa
P 
x y
123.3 48.7 0.7054 0.8584
125.0 49.4 0.6868 0.8473
126.8 50.2 0.6674 0.8352
128.7 51.0 0.6477 0.8227
130.6 51.9 0.6280 0.8095

Using the equation below, we could solve for x & y simultaneously


P  PC7H8 PC 6H6 x C6H6
x C 6 H6  and y C H 
PC 6H6  PC 7H8 6 6
P
• Graphical representation

6.8

6.4
AREA 1
6
1/(y-x)

AREA 2
n1
5.6 AREA 3 n2
AREA 4
5.2 n3
n4
4.8
0.628 0.6674 0.7054
x
Using Rayleigh Equation
x ?
 dx L  32 L 0 
  ln   ln   0.4055
x 0 0.7 y  x  L0   L0 
Using the data obtained from Table 1 we could
solve for 1/(y-x)
1 1
  6.5363
 y - x   0.8584    0.7054 
Using the graph we could solve for the total
area using Trapezoidal Rule:
f  x0  f  xn 
  k 
n 1
Tn  h{  f x }
2 k 1
2
• by graphical integration
x y 1/(y-x) Total Area
0.7054 0.8584 6.5363
0.6868 0.8473 6.2312 -0.1187
0.6674 0.8352 5.9593 -0.2370
0.6477 0.8227 5.7148 -0.3522
0.6280 0.8095 5.5112 -0.4626
• Interpolating the values at the total area
x ?
 dx
=   0.4055, x = 0.6382
x 0 0.7 y  x

Using Material Balance


L 0 x 0  Lx L 0 x 0  32 L 0 x
x D,av  
L0  L L 0  32 L 0

L 0  0.7   32 L 0  0.6382 
therefore: x D,av   0.8236
L0  3 L0
2

xD = 0.8236
x = 0.6382

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