Moisture Vapor Transfer
Theory
F A B R I C O B JE C T I VE M EA S U R E M EN T
A S S IGN M E N T - 3
SUBMITTED TO:
ASST. PROFFESER
PARNAV VORA
SUBMITTED BY
NIVEDITA KUMARI
RAVISH KHAN
SUNIDHI KUMARI
DFT(VI)
Heat transfer
Heat transfer is the study of energy
movement in the form of heat which occurs
in many types of processes.
The transfer occurs from the HIGH TO THE
LOW TEMPERATURE regions.
Mass Transfer
This sort of transport of one substance
relative to another called mass transfer.
Textiles exposed to a hot air stream may be
cooled evaporative by bleeding water
through its surface.
Water vapor may condense out of damp air
onto cool surfaces.
Heat will flow through an air-water mixture in
these situations, but water vapor will diffuse
through air as well.
Drying of textiles
Drying of textiles is accomplished by vaporizing
the water and to do this the latent heat of
vaporization must be supplied.
There are, thus, two important process
controlling factors that enter into the process of
drying:
(a) Transfer of heat to provide the necessary
latent heat of vaporization.
(b) Movement of water through textiles and then
away from it to effect separation of water.
Requirement in textiles
Drying the fabric or garment
Comfort to wear the garments and fabrics
To avoid clinging property of garments.
Human body produce moisture in form of
perspiration .
It transfer to outside environment through
fabric .
It remove heat from the body through fabric.
This Information is use for
Information on the transmission of water
vapor by textiles fibers is desirable for better
understanding of the problems of
comfort factor of garments
design for fabrics in special applications such
as protective clothing, upholstery, footwear,
immersion suits.
MVTR
Stands for MOISTURE VAPOR TRANSFER RATE
It is the rate at which moisture vapor transfer
through the fabric layers.
Breathable Fabric: When fabric allow to move
the water vapor at faster rate then it is called
breathable fabric or breathability. This should
more scientifically be referred to as water
vapor permeability.
BS 7209 : it is method used to check vapors
transfer through multilayer fabrics.
MVTR
Human Skin
Sweat
Fabrics
If water vapor not
transfer to Out side
Environment
Increase thermal
conductivity of
air
Fabric
become
s
uncomf
ortable
Hypothermia
Hypothermia: In extreme cases hypothermia
can result if the body loses heat more rapidly
than it is able to produce it.
If perspiration cannot evaporate and liquid
sweatis produced, the body is prevented from
cooling at the same rate as heat is produced,
for example during physical activity, and
hyperthermia can result as the body core
temperature increases.
Heat energy produced by various activities and corresponding
perspiration rates
Activity
Work rate (watts)
Perspiration rate
(g/day)
Sleeping
60
2280
Gentle Walking
200
7600
Sitting
100
3800
Active Walking
300
11500
Maximum work rate
1000-1200
38000-45600
A review of clothing studies has shown that
moisture collection in cold weather clothing,
even after heavy exercise, seldom exceeds
10% by weight of added water
One of the measurements are used to
calculate values related to water vapor
transmission properties is "water vapor
resistance".
Water vapor resistance
This is the water vapor pressure difference
across the two faces of the fabric divided by
the heat flux per unit area.
Moisture Regain is the mass of water present
expressed as a percentage of the dry weight
of the material.
Cotton: 8-8.5 %
Polyester : 0.4%
Typical water vapor resistance(WVR) of fabrics
Fabric, Outer (shell) material WVR(mm still
air)
Neoprene, rubber or PVC coated: 1000-1200
Conventional PVC coated:300-400
Waxed cotton:1000+
Wool overcoating: 6-13
Leather :7-8
Woven microfiber: 3-5
Closely woven cotton: 2-4
Stage I & II
Cross sections of absorbent material at different regains .
Stage III and IV
Cross sections of absorbent material at different regains .
Transport phenomena for sweat
The two most important characteristics of
fabrics are water vapor transport and heat
transport.
Water vapor transport is depend on water
vapor resistance.
Wicking : How quickly water spread out from
fabrics.
Wicking
It determines how quickly and how widely
liquid water spreads out laterally on the
surface of or within the matrix of the fabric.
It determines the overall water vapour
transport rate through the layered fabrics.
Conclusion
It should be noted that the overall water
vapor and heat transport characteristics of a
fabric should depend on factors such as the :
the
Type of Fibers.
The Porosity of fabric
Density of textile material
Thickness of the fabric ( multilayer fabrics)
