DLP Projector

TI .

Agenda
1. What is DMD?
2. DLP projector
- Why should we choice DLP projector?
- Optical configurations
- Optical elements
3. How it works?
- FSC
- SCR

1. What is DMD ?
DMD: Digital Micromirror Device
Beginning to be developed by sight change according to the movement of Rear
View Mirror
Number of moving parts - 0.5 (SVGA) to >1.3 (TBA)
million
Mechanical motion - - - - - Makes discrete contacts or
landings
Lifetime - - - - - - - - - - - - - up to 100,000 hrs
Address voltage - - - - - - - 3.3-volt CMOS technology
Mechanical elements - - - - Aluminum
Process - - - - - - - - - - - - - Low temperature, sputter
deposition,
plasma etch (standard SC
processes)

Mirror

Package (Type A) - - - - - - Optical, hermetic, welded lid

Address
Electrode

Yoke

Bias/Reset
Bus

Metal
Address
Pads

Tilting Angle: 10 12

1. What is DMD ?
Expressing light and shade by changes of selected light by path Mirror
Tilting
Expressing Gray level by times taken for path change

2. DLP Projector

Why should we choice DLP projector?

Image Quality
- Pixelization (fill factor)
DLP= Seamless, Filmlike
LCD= Grainy, Pixellated
DLP = large active area LCD = smaller active area

- Contrast Ratio
DLP= simple optics: easier light management
LCD= complex optics: more difficult light management
- Sharpness (color alignment)
DLP= no misalignment
LCD= misalignment likely over time

DLP

LCD

- Video Quality
DLP= fast switching: minimal lag (few s)
LCD= slow switching: significant lag (tens of ms) smearing for fast
moving video

2. DLP Projector

Why should we choice DLP projector?

- Color Quality
DLP= can match any LCD color gamut
LCD= cant match any DLP color gamut
system

R,G,B Bandwidth is depend on each color because of non-sequential

DLPTM

LCD

wavelength

wavelength

- Smallest & Brightest

DLP= simple optical system,
good reflectivity
LCD= complex optical system
DLPTM

LCD

2. DLP Projector

Why should we choice DLP projector?

Repeatable Performance (digital accuracy)

DLP= digital: precise control, constant performance over time
LCD= analog: variable (affected by temperature, vibration, heat,
humidity),
deterioration over time

Reliable
- Superior thermal characteristics
DLP= reflects heat
LCD= absorbs heat, performance degrades
- LCD panel degrades as a function of both time and use
- DMDs have shown consistent robust performance over time with up to
100,000
hours lifetime

Start

LCD

DLP

2. DLP Projector

Optical configurations

Number of DMD

1 Chip DLP

3 Chip DLP

2. DLP Projector

Optical Configurations

TIR prism

Non TIR Prism DLP

TIR Prism DLP

2. DLP Projector

Optical Configurations

TIR prism

Non TIR Prism DLP

TIR Prism DLP

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

TIR Prism
(Total Internal Reflection)

DMD Panel

Condenser Lens C3
(Aspherical Surface)
Pro
ject

Mirror

ion
L

Condenser Lens C2
Condenser Lens C1
Integrating Rod
Reflector
(Elliptical Surface)

Lamp

Aperture
Front Glass
(UV Cut Coating)

Color Drum
(R,G,B,W segment)
Color Wheel

ens

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(1) Lamp & Reflector

a. Output Voltage
- AC Type : PHILIPS, OSRAM, IWASAKI, THOSHIBA .
- DC Type : USHIO
b. Reflector
- Elliptical Type : Almost of all DLP Projector
Smallest size= 33mm, Bami lamp made by Philips
- Parabolic Type : Used with condensor lens . Some of AV Projector

Elliptical Reflector

Parabolic Reflector

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(2) UV Cut Filter

- UV causes heat for some parts . (Coating, Plastic, Bonding)
- On UV Cut Coating, Try not to make the reflected light be concentrated on one point of
UV Lamp

Reflecte
d UV
light

Material: Borofloat + UV
Coating

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(3) Rod Integrator

- through internal reflects, it makes uninformative incident light distribution
rectangular uninformative light
Type: Solid Rod Glass or Plastic
Light Tunnel Mirror

in

out

Avd: good transmission. Strong against

heat
DisAvd: easy to broken, easy to get
dust , long

Light Distribution
from the input

Avd: easy to install, dust free, Short

DisAvd: less transmission, weak for heat

Light Distribution
from the output

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(3) Color Drum & Wheel

Optical instrument filtering color by Color Filter assembled with Motor \

< Color Drum

>

< Color Wheel >

< SCR Color Drum >

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(4) Illumination Lenses

It guides lights from Rod Integrator into valid dimensions of DMD
L2
L1

(m)= h / h

= f2 / f1
(t)= 2*(f1+f2)

f1

f1
f2

f2

L2
L1
< JT30 >

R1

R4

f1 = 9.53, f2 = 22.79
m = 2.39

R5

R2 R3

R6

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(5) Mirror
It changes light path or controls light position on DMD

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(5) (TIR Prism)

Using air gaps between two prism, it makes selective reflect of transmission
in
out

out

air gap

in

air gap
<in : reflect, out :
transmission>

<in : transmission, out :

Reflect >
TIR Prism
DMD Panel

TIR Prism

DMD Panel

2. DLP Projector

Optical elements

(5) Projection Lens

It transmit Active Area of DMD on Screen
Fixed Focus Lens Cannot control the zoom in Fixed distance
Variable Focus Lens (Zoom Lens) Can control the screen size with zoom in Fixed
distance

Used in DLP Engine with TRI Prism

Screen

DMD

< Converging Type Zoom Lens

>
Screen

Telecentric Type Zoom Lens>

DMD

<

Used DLP Engine with Non-TIR Prism

3. How it works?

FSC

Color Filtering by Rotating of Color Wheel

Color Wheel
Color Filter .
( DLP White Peaking Mode=0 )

Gray Ramp .

time for one field

Pure G time

Pure W time
Mixed Color
time

Pure R time
Mixed Color
time

Pure B time
Mixed Color
time Mixed Color
time

3. How it works?

FSC

Operation
FSC=Field Sequential Color
Lighting on DMD in timely sequence
In case of transmitting Red Filter, Green and Blue is reflected and is useless
Blue and Green
light turned into
heat

Color Wheel

Red light
transmitted
33%
efficiency

3. How it works?

FSC

Brief Brightness Estimation

1) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B segment size= 1:1:1)
R = 1/3

G = B = 1/3

RGB size = 1/3 : Wo = R/3 + G/3 + B/3 =

0.333

2) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B:W segment size= 1:1:1:1)
R = 1/3

G = B = 1/3

W=1
RGB size = 1/4 Wo = R/4 + G/4 + B/4 + W/4 =

0.500

3. How it works?

SCR

Operation
SCR= Sequential Color Recapture
Scroll Lighting Whole RGB on DMD in timely sequence

Integrating

RGB

Filter
CMY

Rod

Integrating
CMY
CMY

Color

Rod

Filter
RGB

Integrating

Segment

Mirror
Rod
Filter
,

RGB

Size

RGB

RGB
RGB

Segment

..
.
.
Reflected
RGB
is
re-reflected
by RGB
Integrating
Rod
IN
and
transmitted
byFilter
RGB
Filter

3. How it works?

SCR

Brief Brightness Estimation

Integrating Rod : Total size vs Hole Size ratio = 0.5
Total size Input vs Hole Input Intensity Ratio = 0.85
1) RGB Segment ( Wi=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B segment size= 1:1:1)
R = first transmission R(0.85*1/3) + G,B reflected MY of re-reflected
R(0.85*0.5*2/3*1/3*2)
= 0.472
G,B is same as above G=B= 0.472
RGB size = 1/3 Wo = R/3 + G/3 + B/3 =

0.472

2) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B:W segment size= 1:1:1:1)
R = first transmission R(0.85*1/3) + G,B reflected MY of re-reflected
R(0.85*0.5*2/4*1/3*2)
= 0.425
G,B is same as above G = B = 0.425
W=1
RGB size = 1/4 Wo = R/4 + G/4 + B/4 + W/4 =

0.569