FUZZY LOGIC
Dr Nor Samsiah Sani
WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC?
Definition of fuzzy
Fuzzy
not clear, distinct, or precise
Definition of fuzzy logic
A
form of knowledge representation suitable for
notions that cannot be defined precisely, but which
depend upon their contexts.
WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC?
Fuzzy
logic:
A way to represent variation or imprecision in logic
A way to make use of natural language in logic
Approximate reasoning
Humans
say things like "If it is sunny and
warm today, I will drive fast"
Linguistic variables:
Temp: {freezing, cool, warm, hot}
Cloud Cover: {overcast, partly cloudy, sunny}
Speed: {slow, fast}
CRISP (TRADITIONAL) VARIABLES
Crisp
variables represent precise
quantities:
Temperature
A
= 36 C
{0,1}
proposition is either True or False
King(Richard) Greedy(Richard)
Evil(Richard)
Richard is either greedy or he isn't:
Greedy(Richard)
{0,1}
TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATION OF LOGIC
Slow
Speed = 0
Fast
Speed = 1
bool speed;
get the speed
if ( speed == 0) {
// speed is slow
}
else {
// speed is fast
}
Name Height,
cm
Degree of
Membership
______________________________
Chris
208
Crisp sets
1
John
198
Mark
193
Bob
172
FUZZY SETS
Fuzzy Sets can represent the degree to which a
quality is possessed.
Fuzzy Sets (Simple Fuzzy Variables) have values
in the range of [0,1]
Question: How greedy is Richard?
Greedy(Richard) = 0.7
Fuzzy Sets
For every problem must represent in terms of fuzzy sets.
Slowest
Slow
Fast
float speed;
get the speed
if ((speed >= 0.0)&&(speed < 0.25)) {
// speed is slowest
}
else if ((speed >= 0.25)&&(speed < 0.5))
{
// speed is slow
}
else if ((speed >= 0.5)&&(speed < 0.75))
{
// speed is fast
}
else // speed >= 0.75 && speed < 1.0
{
// speed is fastest
}
Fastest
FUZZY SETS
Name Height,
cm
Degree of
Membership
______________________________
Fuzzy sets
Chris
208
0.95
John
198
0.82
Mark
193
0.74
Bob
172
0.30
FUZZY SETS
Fuzzy Linguistic Variables are used to represent
qualities spanning a particular spectrum
Temp: {Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}
Membership Function
Question: What is the temperature?
Answer: 36 C.
Question: How warm is 36 C?
MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS
Temp:
{Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}
Degree of Truth or "Membership"
10
MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS
How
cool is 36 F ?
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MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS
How
cool is 36 F ?
It is 30% Cool and 70% Freezing
0.7
0.3
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FUZZY LOGIC
How do we use fuzzy membership functions in
predicate logic?
Fuzzy logic Connectives:
Fuzzy
Conjunction (AND),
Fuzzy Disjunction (OR),
Operate on degrees of membership in fuzzy sets
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FUZZY DISJUNCTION
AB = max(A, B)
AB = C "Quality C is the disjunction of
Quality A and B"
(AB = C) (C = 0.75)
14
FUZZY CONJUNCTION
AB = min(A, B)
AB = C "Quality C is the conjunction of
Quality A and B"
(AB = C) (C = 0.375)
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EXAMPLE: FUZZY CONJUNCTION
Calculate AB given that A is 0.4 and B is 20
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EXAMPLE: FUZZY CONJUNCTION
Calculate AB given that A is .4 and B is 20
Determine degrees of membership:
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EXAMPLE: FUZZY CONJUNCTION
Calculate AB given that A is .4 and B is 20
0.7
Determine degrees of membership:
A = 0.7
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EXAMPLE: FUZZY CONJUNCTION
Calculate AB given that A is .4 and B is 20
0.9
0.7
Determine degrees of membership:
A = 0.7 B = 0.9
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EXAMPLE: FUZZY CONJUNCTION
Calculate AB given that A is .4 and B is 20
0.9
0.7
Determine degrees of membership:
A = 0.7 B = 0.9
Apply Fuzzy AND
AB = min(A, B) = 0.7
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FUZZY CONTROL
Fuzzy Control combines the use of fuzzy
linguistic variables with fuzzy logic
Example: Speed Control
How fast am I going to drive today?
It depends on the weather.
Disjunction of Conjunctions
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INPUTS: TEMPERATURE,
CLOUD COVER
Temp:
{Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}
Cover:
{Sunny, Partly, Overcast}
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OUTPUT: SPEED
Speed: {Slow, Fast}
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RULES
If it's Sunny and Warm, drive Fast
Sunny(Cover)Warm(Temp) Fast(Speed)
If it's Cloudy and Cool, drive Slow
Cloudy(Cover)Cool(Temp) Slow(Speed)
Driving Speed is the combination of output of
these rules...
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THE SEQUENCE OF FUZZY LOGIC
SYSTEM
Fuzzification: A crisp set of input data are gathered and converted to a fuzzy
set using fuzzy linguistic variables and membership functions. This step is
known as fuzzification.
Construct fuzzy rules
Perform fuzzy inference into the system. An inference is made based on a set
of rules.
Defuzzification: The resulting fuzzy output is mapped to a crisp output using
the membership functions.
EXAMPLE SPEED CALCULATION
How fast will I go if it is
65
F
25 % Cloud Cover ?
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FUZZIFICATION:
CALCULATE INPUT MEMBERSHIP LEVELS
65
F Cool = 0.4, Warm= 0.7
25%
0.2
Cover Sunny = 0.8, Cloudy =
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RULES EVALUATION
If it's Sunny and Warm, drive Fast
Sunny(Cover)Warm(Temp)Fast(Speed)
0.8 0.7 = 0.7
Fast = 0.7
If it's Cloudy and Cool, drive Slow
Cloudy(Cover)Cool(Temp)Slow(Speed)
0.2 0.4 = 0.2
Slow = 0.2
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DEFUZZIFICATION:
CONSTRUCTING THE OUTPUT
Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast
Find centroids: Location where membership is
100%
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DEFUZZIFICATION:
CONSTRUCTING THE OUTPUT
Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast
Find centroids: Location where membership is
100%
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DEFUZZIFICATION:
CONSTRUCTING THE OUTPUT
Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast
Speed
= weighted mean
= (0.2*25+...
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DEFUZZIFICATION:
CONSTRUCTING THE OUTPUT
Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast
Speed
= weighted mean
= (0.2*25+0.7*75)/(0.9)
= 63.8 mph
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The usage
Fuzzy Logic provides a more efficient and resourceful
way to solve Control Systems.
Some Examples
Temperature
Controller
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
The problem
Change
the speed of a heater fan, based off the room
temperature and humidity.
A temperature control system has four settings
Cold,
Humidity can be defined by:
Low,
Cool, Warm, and Hot
Medium, and High
Using this we can define
the fuzzy set.
CONCLUSION
Fuzzy logic provides an alternative way to
represent linguistic and subjective attributes of
the real world in computing.
It is able to be applied to control systems and
other applications in order to improve the
efficiency and simplicity of the design process.
CONCLUSION
Fuzzy
Logic provides way to calculate with
imprecision
Fuzzy Logic can be used to represent some
kinds of human expertise
Fuzzy Membership Sets
Fuzzy Linguistic Variables
Fuzzy AND and OR
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