SMART
MATERIALS
By
Rajesh Kumar Mambulli
150070329
OUTLINE.
Classification & Comparison Between Materials;
Smart Materials- Introduction;
Classification of Smart Materials;
Different Types of Smart Materials;
Their Applications;
Conclusion;
2
Types Of Materials
MATERIALS
Wood Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites
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3
Comparison Between Materials
Material Condu Stren- Hard- Tough- Weight Corrosi Cost
c-tivity gth ness ness -on
Resista
-nce
Pine Very Medium Low/
Low Low Poor Low
poor / low medium
MDF Very Low/
Low Low Low Poor Low
poor medium
Low-
Very Very Very
Carbon Good High Poor Low
good good good
Steel
Stainles Very Ex- Very Very
High Good High
s Steel good cellent good good
HIPS Very Very
Medium Low Good Low Low
poor good
Acrylic Very Low/
Medium Good Low Good Medium
poor medium
SMA Very Very Very
Good Medium Good High
good good good
Courtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize
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SMART materials.!!!!
Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or more
of their inherent properties owing to the application of an external
stimuli in a controlled fashion.
The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are sensitive
are :
Stress;
Temperature;
Moisture;
pH;
Electric Fields;
Magnetic Fields
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Classification of SMART
materials
Type of SMART Input Output
Material
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference
Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference
Shape Memory Alloys Temperature Deformation
Photochromic Radiation Color Change
Thermochromics Temperature Color Change
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Piezo-electric
materials
The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect
Materials Used: Quartz,
Rochelle Salt, Topaz,
Bismuth Ferrite.
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Electrostrictive Materials
If a dielectric material is
subjected to an electric
field, then it experiences a
strain which is proportional
to the strength of the
electric field.
Eg: Lead Lanthanum
Zirconate Titanate
(PLZT).
Lead Magnesium
Niobate (PMN).
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Magnetostrictive
materials
Application of a magnetic
field to a ferromagnetic
material causes it to
change its shape. This
change in shape is
proportional to the
strength of the field
applied.
Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D.
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Thermoelectric
materials
These materials, when
subjected to any
temperature difference,
produces proportional
voltage output. The
reverse effect is also true.
Thermoelectric effect
generally comprise of:
Seebeck Effect;
Peltier Effect;
Thomson Effect.
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Shape Memory Alloys
Shape Memory Alloys are metal
alloys which can undergo
solid-to-solid phase
transformation and can recover
completely when heated to a t enite
specific temperature. Aus Tw
Ma inned
rte
These materials has two phases: nsi
te
Austenite- high temperature
phase;
Martensite- low temperature
phase.
Detwin
ne d
Marten
site
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Martensite to Austenite
Transformation
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Shape Memory Effect-An
Example
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Shape Memory Alloys
Materials commonly used are:
Cu-Al-Ni;
Fe-Mn-Si;
Cu-Zn-Al;
Ni-Ti.
Major Applications:
Aircraft;
Orthopedic Surgery;
Dental Braces;
Robotics.
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Chromogenic Materials
Chromogenic materials change their color in
accordance to electrical, thermal or radiative
stimuli. CHROMOGENIC
MATERIALS
Thermochromic Photochromic Electrochromic
Materials Materials Materials
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15
Thermochromic
Materials
Materials which changes color with changes in temperature.
General materials used are:
V 2 O5 ,
Cholesteryl nonanoate,
1,2,3-triazole,
Octadecylphosphonic acid.
General applications:
Inks;
Dyes;
Papers;
Plastics.
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Response to
Temperature change
Cold Cold Hot
Hot
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Photochromic Materials
Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of
light.
Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light.
General Materials used are:
Azobenzene;
Diarylethene;
Spiropyran;
Silver Chloride.
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Photochromic Materials
Major Applications:
Lenses;
Supramolecular
chemistry;
Dyes;
Paints;
Cosmetics;
Clothing.
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Electrochromic Materials
These materials change their optical behavior with
application of electrical voltage.
Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of
light they allow to pass through them.
Transparent and looks Application of small voltage
like ordinary glass turns it opaque
(blueish and dark)
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Electrochromic Materials
General materials used are:
WO3;
NiO;
TiO2;
Polyaniline;
Polythiophene.
Major applications:
Smart Glass;
Light-transmissive devices for
optical information and
storage;
Rear-view mirrors;
Protective eyewear.
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Applications
Smart Fabric;
Smart Aircraft;
Sporting Goods;
Smart Dust;
Reducing vibration
of helicopter blades;
Robotics;
Medical Surgeries;
Security;
And many
others
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Conclusion
The research and development of smart materials has
been an astounding boost to the technical sphere.
As time will pass by, these materials will be more
known of and be more extensively used to meet
even the minute needs of the society.
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THANK
YOU
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