Fundamentals of Library of

Congress Classification
Goals of the workshop
Provide attendees with an understanding of
the principles and practices of Library of
Congress Classification
Teach general skills in classification and
shelflisting
Provide guidance in the use of classification
tools
Give attendees practice creating complete LC
call numbers

2
Overview of Classification

Session 1
This session covers:
What is classification?
Basic classification terminology
Selected classification systems
Choosing a classification system
Is classification necessary?

4
Classification is everywhere. We classify birds
and animals, languages and ethnic groups,
stars, volcanoes, minerals and clouds, wine
and blood, and colours and roses
It is natural to the human mind to classify, and
essential if we want to make sense of the
world, which is full of unique creatures and
objects.
from Essential Classification, by Vanda
Broughton
What is classification?
Classification in general
The placing of subjects into categories
Provides a system for organizing,
categorizing knowledge
Roots of current classification systems go
back to Aristotles classical theory of
categories

6
Classification of books
If you were organizing a collection of books,
how might you arrange them?
Authors last name
Title
Subject Public orderings
Size
Color
Hardback vs. paperback
Publisher
7
Classification of books (2)
Read and unread books
Order of acquisition Private orderings
Provenance
Sentimental value

According to a classification system

such as LCC or DDC
8
Classification in libraries
Use of a systematic scheme for the
arrangement of books and other materials
Purpose:
Bring related items together in a useful sequence
from the general to the specific
Provide a shelving location that patrons use to
locate materials
Enable patrons to browse collections on a topic,
either in person or online

9
One result of classification in libraries:
Books with call number labels on shelves
Early library classification
systems
Various types of arrangement: by broad
subject, author, title,order of acquisition, size
Often used fixed location book assigned a
spot on a particular shelf
Starting in 16th century, librarians devised
many classification schemes
Jeffersons system (based on Francis Bacons
outline of knowledge) most well known
None really caught on till end of 19th century
11
 Some early developers & systems
Francis Bacon
1605, published his outline of knowledge
Jean Le Rond dAlembert
1751, published ideas on how Diderots Encyclopdie might
be arranged
Thomas Jefferson
System based on Bacon and dAlembert
Melvil Dewey
Dewey Decimal Classification
Charles Ammi Cutter
Expansive Classification

12
Basic terminology
Classify:
To categorize, in order to arrange books on the
shelves according to subject, using a classification
system
Classification schedules:
The books (or files) that contain class numbers
Notation:
The system of symbols used to represent the classes
in a classification system
13
General process for classification
Analyze the subject content of the work
Summarize the primary subject focus of the work as a whole
Possible next step: Formulate subject headings that express
what the work is about (not the focus of this workshop)
Go to the classification schedules and determine
where the item should be placed within that scheme
Assign the class number
As appropriate for the scheme, add additional
elements to the class number

14
Types of classification schemes
Hierarchical
Subjects are divided hierarchically, from general to specific
Enumerative
All aspects of a subject are explicitly provided for in the
schedules
Analytico-synthetic
Commonly occurring concepts (place, form, etc.) are listed
once and notation is used to build or synthesize numbers
Faceted
Does not assign fixed numbers to subjects, but combines
facets of a subject in a composite number

15
Selected classification schemes
Most common in U.S. libraries:
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs)
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
More common outside U.S.:
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)
Colon Classification (CC)
16
Brief look at DDC & LCC
City on the Seine: Paris in the time of Richelieu
and Louis XIV / Andrew Trout, 1996.

DC DDC 944.361033
729 T58c
.T76 LCC
1996

17
Dewey Decimal Classification
(DDC)
Developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876
Widely used by public and school
libraries in the U.S.
Used in more than 135 countries
Translated into over 30 languages
DDC now owned by OCLC, available in
print and web editions
18
Library of Congress
Classification (LCC)
Designed to arrange LCs collections
Widely used in academic libraries
Enumerative more is spelled out in
the schedules
Larger over 40 separate volumes
Economical notation (shorter numbers)

19
Considerations in choosing a
classification scheme
Focus of the collection to be classified
General or specialized?
Maintenance of the schedules
Revised to accommodate new subjects?
Do revisions require reclassification?
Cost
Availability of catalog copy using the scheme
Cost of the schedules, print and/or electronic
Personnel issues
Professional/paraprofessional staff, students, volunteers?

20
Advantages to using LCC vs.
DDC?
Widely available on catalog copy with
complete call number
Relatively unlimited expansion, not
requiring wholesale revision
Shorter numbers
Cooperative opportunity to introduce
new numbers
21
Disadvantages of using LCC
vs. DDC?
Lack of consistency among schedules
Too large for an individual to fully master
No single index
Too complex for childrens collections
Based on literary warrant from LCs
collections
Parts of its organization still reflect 19th/early
20th century worldview
22
Is classification necessary?
Importance of classified shelving for browsing
It can be difficult to determine which books are
most relevant solely from info in catalog records
Focused browsing within books organized by
subject enables in-depth research
Enables discovery by serendipity or recognition
Why classify:
Material in closed stacks?
Remote electronic resources?
Call number = shelf location
23
Is classification necessary? (2)
Classification as collocation of all
resources
Allow for browsing of all materials in
collection, physical or intangible, on shelf
or not
Benefits for collection analysis
Browsing e-journal or database lists
Used by some Internet resource directories
as a means for organizing resources
24
North Carolina State University Libraries catalog

http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/
http://wncln.wncln.org/
Partial results, browsing H in WNCLN catalog
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/inside/projects/metadata/classify/
Summary
Classification provides a system for organizing
and categorizing knowledge
A number of different systems can be used for
classification in libraries
Classification of information resources is
important:
As a shelving/location device
For collocation of resources
To facilitate discovery of resources, whether
physical or electronic
32
Brief History of the Library of
Congress Classification (LCC)

Session 2

1
This session covers:
Purpose
Brief history of the development of LCC
Publication history
LCC schedules today

Source: Lois Mai Chan, A Guide to the

Library of Congress Classification, 5th edition
(Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1999)
2
Purpose
Developed by the Library of Congress
for organizing its own collections
Adopted by other libraries, particularly
academic and research libraries
Initially a shelf-location device
A useful retrieval tool in online systems
Limited use as a tool for organizing web
resources
3
 Brief history
The Library of Congress established in 1800
when the American legislature was preparing to
move from Philadelphia to the new capital city of
Washington, D.C.
Section five of "An Act to Make Further Provision
for the Removal and Accommodation of the
Government of the United States," signed by
President John Adams on April 24, 1800,
provided a sum of $5,000 "for the purchase of
such books as may be necessary for the use of
Congress and the said city of Washington, and
for fitting up a suitable apartment for containing
them.
(John Y. Cole, ed., The Library of Congress in Perspective: A Volume Based on
the Reports of the 1976 Librarian's Task Force and Advisory Groups, 1978)
Brief history (2)
Early on, books were grouped by size and, within
size groups, by accession number, as reflected in the
first (1802) and the second (1804) LC catalogs
The first recorded change in the arrangement of the
collection reflected in the Library's third catalog
(1808), showing added categories for special
bibliographic forms such as plans, state laws,
legislative and executive reports and papers, financial
reports, and gazettes.
(Leo E. LaMontagne, American Library Classification with Special
Reference to the Library of Congress (Hamden, CT: Shoe
String Press, 1961), 44-45)

5
Brief history (3)
Burning of the US Capitol and the
Library of Congresss collection in 1814
by British soldiers
Purchase of Thomas Jeffersons
personal library of 6,487 books,
classified by Jeffersons own system
Library of Congress retaining
Jeffersons classification system
6
Brief history (4)
Expansion of the Library's collection
from seven thousand books to nearly
one million by 1890s
LCs move to a new building in 1897
Contemplation of a new classification
scheme for the Library
Decision for its development in 1900
Provisional outline proposed in 1901
7
Brief history (5)
James C. M. Hanson, Head of the Catalogue
Division, and Charles Martel, the newly
appointed Chief Classifier, responsible for
new classification scheme
Use of Cutter's Expansive Classification as a
guide for the order of classes in the broad
outline of the LC Classification
Considerable changes made in notation

8
Hanson's first outline (1899)
A 1-200 Polygraphy; Encyclopedias; General Periodicals; Societies &c.
A 201-3000 Philosophy
A 3001-B9999 Religion; Theology; Church history
C 1-9999 Biography; and studies auxiliary to history
D 1-9999 General history; periods; and local (except America) with geography
EF America; history and geography
G Geography; general; and allied studies (e.g. Anthropology and Ethnology)
H 1-2000 Political science
H 2001-9999 Law
I 1-8000 Sociology
I 8001-9999 Women; Societies, clubs etc.
J 1-2000 Sports; amusements
J 2001-9999 Music
K Fine arts
L-M Philology & Literature
N Science; Mathematics; Astronomy; Physics; Chemistry
O Natural history; general; Geology
P Zoology; Botany
Q Medicine
R Useful arts; Agriculture
S Manufactures
T Engineering
U Military, Naval science; light houses; life saving; fire extinction
VY Special collections
Z Bibliography (Book arts)

(LaMontagne, American Library Classification, 22829)

Current outline
A -- GENERAL WORKS
B -- PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. RELIGION
C -- AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY
D -- HISTORY (GENERAL) AND HISTORY OF EUROPE
E -- HISTORY: AMERICA
F -- HISTORY: AMERICA
G -- GEOGRAPHY. ANTHROPOLOGY. RECREATION
H -- SOCIAL SCIENCES
J -- POLITICAL SCIENCE
K -- LAW
L -- EDUCATION
M -- MUSIC
N -- FINE ARTS
P -- LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Q -- SCIENCE
R -- MEDICINE
S -- AGRICULTURE
T -- TECHNOLOGY
U -- MILITARY SCIENCE
V -- NAVAL SCIENCE
Z -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. LIBRARY SCIENCE. INFORMATION
RESOURCES (GENERAL)
 Order of publication of LCC
schedules

1901 E-F History: America

(Western Hemisphere)
1902 Z Bibliography. Library science

Additional schedules were developed throughout

the twentieth century
Development of new schedules is ongoing

11
 Brief history (6)
Each schedule contains an entire class, a
subclass, or a group of subclasses
Individual schedules of LCC developed and
maintained by subject experts
Conversion from print to electronic format
beginning in early 1990s
Conversion using the USMARC (now called
MARC 21) Classification Format

12
Outline of LC
Classification

Session 3
This session covers:
Outline of classes and subclasses
Interpreting the classification schedules
Indention
Notes
Format of the schedules
General pattern of subarrangement
within classes
2
 General characteristics of schedules
Developed independently by different groups of subject
specialists
Enumerative -- aspects of a subject explicitly provided
by the schedules
Based on literary warrant
Unifying elements common to all schedules
Physical format (print schedules)
Internal arrangement of classes and subclasses
Notation
Auxiliary tables
General to specific, creating a hierarchical display
Levels of hierarchy are indicated by indention
3
 Broad outline of LCC
I. General Works (A)
II. Humanistic Disciplines & Social Sciences
(B-P)
Philosophy, Religion, History, Geography
Anthropology, Social Sciences, Music, Fine
Arts, Language & Literature
III. Natural Sciences & Technology (Q-V)
Math, Physical & Biological Sciences, Medicine,
Agriculture, Technology, Military & Naval
Sciences
IV. Bibliography & Library Science (Z) 4
Main classes (1)
Entire field of knowledge divided into
main classes
Roughly equal to academic disciplines
or areas of study
Denoted by single capital letters

5
Main classes (2)
A General works M Music
B Philosophy, Psychology, N Fine Arts
Religion P Language & Literature
C History - Auxiliary
Q Sciences
D History - Universal & Old
World R Medicine
E-F History of the Americas S Agriculture
G Geography T Technology
H Social Sciences U Military Science
J Political Science V Naval Science
K Law Z Bibliography & Library
L Education Science

6
Subclasses (1)
Represent branches of the disciplines
Denoted by double or triple capital letters

S Agriculture
SB Plant culture
SD Forestry
SF Animal culture
SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
SK Hunting sports
7
Subclasses (2)
Schedules D and K use triple letters
DAW History of Central Europe
KBP Islamic law
KFA Law of U.S. States, Alabama to Arkansas
Schedules E and F use only single letters
E-F History: America
E United States (General)
F United States local history. Canada. Latin America

8
Structure of LC Classification
Basic arrangement is by discipline
Various aspects of a subject are
generally not grouped together, but are
classed with the discipline
Agriculture:
technical aspects in S (Agriculture)
agricultural economics in HD (sub-class of
Economics)

9
Structure of LC Classification (2)
Railroads:
Railroad engineering in TF (sub-class of
technology
Organization and management of railroads in HE
(transportation and communication, a sub-class of
economics)

Remember: LCC separates books on

the same subject by discipline
10
Within each subclass
Subclasses further divided to specify
form, place, time & subtopics
Topical divisions often further
subdivided by subtopics
Denoted by integers 1-9999, some with
decimal extensions
Some subtopics may also be denoted
by a Cutter number (e.g., .M84)
11
Some subject divisions in
QH Biology (General)
QH359-425 Evolution
QH426-470 Genetics
QH471-489 Reproduction
QH501-531 Life
QH540-549.5 Ecology
QH573-671 Cytology
QH705-705.5 Economic biology

12
QH Biology (General)
Ecology
Class here works on general ecology and general animal ecology. For
works on ecology of individual animals and groups of animals, see the
animal
For human ecology see GF1+
For ecology of a particular topographic area see QH101+
For plant ecology see QK900+
Cf. BL65.E36 Ecology and religion
Cf. HX550.E25 Communism and ecology
Cf. QH546 Ecological genetics
540 Periodicals, societies, congresses, serial publications
540.3 Collected works (nonserial)
540.4 Dictionaries and encyclopedias
540.5 Philosophy
540.6 Nomenclature, terminology, notation, abbreviations

540.7 Classification
QH Biology (General)
Ecology
History
540.8 General works
540.83.AZ By region or country, AZ
Biography see QH26+
541 General works, treatises, and textbooks
541.13 Popular works
541.14 Juvenile works
541.142 Handbooks, tables, formulas, etc.
541.145 Addresses, essays, lectures
541.15.AZ Special aspects of the subject as a whole, AZ:
541.15.A9 Autoradiographic techniques
541.15.B54 Biological assay
541.15.B56 Biological diversity
For local, see QH84.1+
For physiographic divisions see QH84.8+
Cf. QH75+ Biological diversity conservation
Cf. QH541.15.S64 Species diversity
Cf. QK46.5.D58 Plant diversity
541.15.B84 Buffer zones
541.15.C44 Chemical ecology
Interpreting the schedules
Meaning is contained in the captions,
not in the class numbers
Class numbers merely serve to order
the captions
Subordination of topics is shown
through indention of captions

15
Interpreting the schedules (2)
Decimal numbers do not necessarily reflect
subtopics of the whole number
Decimal numbers do show that the class
number was not part of the original schedule
Parenthesized numbers are not to be used;
represent class numbers that were valid in the
past
Angle brackets around a number or span of
numbers indicate that LC provides this number
as an option but does not use it
16
Notes used in schedules
Scope notes
Explain what the classification covers
Used when similar topics occur in
different areas
Designated by Class here
Explanatory see notes
Used when a topic logically belongs in
one division, but is covered elsewhere
Designated by For
17
QE GEOLOGY
Reptiles
861 General works, treatises, and textbooks
Dinosaurs
Class here works on dinosaurs in general
For works on specific orders of dinosaurs
see QE862.A-Z
861.2 Periodicals, societies, congresses
861.3 Dictionaries
861.35 Computer network resources
Including the Internet
861.4 General works
861.5 Juvenile works
 Notes used in schedules (2)
See notes
Used to indicate topics relocated to other parts of

the schedule(s)
Former number removed or, often, parenthesized

QE GEOLOGY
Reptiles
862.A-Z Other systematic divisions, A-Z
862.C5 Chelonia. Testudinata
862.C7 Cotylosauria
862.C8 Crocodylia
(862.D4) Dicynodontia see QE862.T5
 Notes, cont.
Including notes
Provides examples of the topics covered by

a particular caption
Confer notes
Designated by the abbreviation Cf.

Indicates other aspects of the topic may be

found elsewhere in the schedule(s)

20
QK BOTANY
83 Plant lore
Cf. GR780-790 Folklore
National plants. Official plants
Including state, provincial, etc. plants
84.8 General works
By region or country
85 United States
85.3.A-Z Other regions or countries, A-Z

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

97.5 Identification
For geographic treatment see QK108-474.5
Physical format
Each print schedule contains
Preface
Broad outline with subclasses
Detailed outline with 2 or 3 levels of
hierarchy
Schedule (the actual class numbers)
Tables
Index
22
Q Science Broad outline

Science (General) Q
Mathematics QA
Astronomy QB
Physics QC
Chemistry QD
Geology QE

23
 OUTLINE
Q1390 Science (General)
Q1295 General
Q300390 Cybernetics
Q350390 Information theory

QA1939 Mathematics Detailed outline

QA143 General
QA4759 Tables
QA7190 Instruments and machines
QA7576.95 Calculating machines
QA75.576.95 Electronic computers. Computer science
QA76.7576.765 Computer software
QA101(145) Elementary mathematics. Arithmetic
QA150272.5 Algebra
QA273280 Probabilities. Mathematical statistics
QA299.6433 Analysis
QA440699 Geometry. Trigonometry. Topology
QA801939 Analytic mechanics
Outline view in Classification Web (1st level)
Outline view in ClassWeb (2nd level): expansion of Mathematics
 General arrangement within
subclasses and subject divisions
Form subdivisions
Periodicals, Societies, Congresses, Directories,
Collections, Dictionaries, etc.
Philosophy
History
Biography
General works
Study & teaching
Subtopics
27
Form subdivisions example 1
TC Hydraulic engineering
For municipal water supply see TD201-500.2
For hydraulic machinery see TJ840.A2-.A3
1 Periodicals, societies, etc.
5 Congresses
Exhibitions. Museums
6.A1 General works
6.A2-Z By region or country, A-Z
Subarrange each country by Table T4b
7 Collected works (nonserial)
9 Dictionaries and encyclopedias
12 Directories

28
Form subdivisions example 2
T Technology (General)
Periodicals and societies. By language of publication
1 English
2 French
3 German
4 Other languages (not A-Z)
(5) Yearbooks
see T1-4
6 Congresses
Industrial museums, etc. see T179-183
International exhibitions see T391-995
7 Collected works (nonserial)
8 Symbols and abbreviations
Dictionaries and encyclopedias
9 General works
10 Bilingual and polyglot
29
Philosophy
Used primarily in main classes and
subclasses
Generally not found below the level of subclass
Often a single number, though may be
expanded to many numbers

QH Natural history (General)

14 Authorship
14.3 Philosophy
30
A range of numbers for Philosophy
History
The history of a topic is often broken down into
specific time periods, e.g.,
1945-1971
1971-2000
2000-
Dates refer to the period of time covered in the work
being classified
Some spans written as Through [date] when start is
undefined
Often combined with breakdown by region or country
32
 History examples
Example 1, subdivision by place:
QH Natural history (General)
14.3 Philosophy
History
15 General works
21.AZ By region or country, AZ

Example 2, subdivision by time period:

TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
History
15 General works
16 Ancient
17 Medieval
18 Modern to 1800
19 Nineteenth century
20 Twentieth century
33
History examples (2)
Biography
Biography numbers are generally provided under
disciplines, subclasses, and broad subjects
Separate numbers for collective & individual

QE Geology
Biography
21 Collective
22.A-Z Individual, A-Z
e.g.
22.D25 Dana, James Dwight
22.L8 Lyell, Charles
22.S77 Steno, Nicolaus

35
General works
General works -- comprehensive works covering a
topic
May also be listed as Treatises or General
Always found when there are any subtopics under a topic
Earlier schedules also included General special or
Special aspects of the subject as a whole
No new numbers of this type are being established
Other divisions in this category include Popular
works, Juvenile works, Addresses, essays,
lectures

36
General works example 1
GV RECREATION. LEISURE
Games and amusements
Indoor games and amusements
Board games. Move games
Checkers. Draughts
1461 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
Biography
1462 Collective
1462.2.A-Z Individual, A-Z
1463 General works
Strategies and tactics
1463.5 General works
1463.7 Openings
1463.9 End games
General works & date spans
Date spans used under General works are
based on publication date rather than historical
period
Through 1800
Dates do not overlap!
1801-1859
1860-1900
1901-
This is done to separate more recent material
from older material
Dates in captions refer to imprint date
38
Example: dates of publication
HF COMMERCE
Business
Accounting. Bookkeeping
General works
English and American
5631 Through 1800
5633 1801-1850
5635 1851-2005
5636 2006-

39
From LCs catalog:
a few books classed in HF5631
Study & teaching
Often a single number, but may receive a
span of numbers
Example from QH Ecology:
Study and teaching. Research
541.2 General works
541.215 Outlines, syllabi
Special teaching methods and aids
541.22 General works
541.23 Audiovisual aids
541.235.AZ Other methods, AZ
541.235.G34 Games

41
Topics & subtopics
Comprise the bulk of individual developments
or expansions of classes and subclasses
Each class, subclass & discipline developed
independently
Arranged logically where possible
Alphabetical arrangement of subtopics often
found, as well

42
Logical arrangement
QE GEOLOGY
840.5-882 Chordata
840.5 Cephalochordata. Tunicata. Hemichordata.
Enteropneusta. Pterobranchia.
Graptolinthina
841-882 Vertebrates
841 General works, treatises, and textbooks
842 Juvenile works
845 Fossil footprints
846 Fossil teeth
847 Amniotes
851-853 Fishes
861-862 Reptiles
867-868 Amphibians. Batrachia
871-875 Birds
881-882 Mammals
Alphabetical arrangement: orders

QE GEOLOGY
881-882 Mammals
881 General works, treatises, and textbooks
882.A-Z Systematic divisions, A-Z
882.C15 Carnivora
882.C5 Cetacea
882.C8 Chiroptera
882.C84 Cimolesta
882.C9 Creodonta
882.D4 Deltatheridia
882.D45 Desmostylia
882.D6 Docodonta
882.E2 Edentata. Xenarthra
882.E86 Eupantotheria
882.H47 Herbivora
882.I5 Insectivora
Geographic divisions
Topics may be subdivided geographically in
two ways:
Alphabetical arrangement under one number, e.g.,
By region or country, A-Z
It is common to assign a separate number or numbers to
the U.S.
A span of numbers, with preferred order:
New World -- Northern Hemisphere, followed by
Southern Hemisphere
Old World -- Northern Hemisphere, followed by Southern
Hemisphere; west to east
Pacific Islands, Arctic & Antarctic regions last
Further subdivision within each region either naturally or
alphabetically
By region or country, A-Z
SF ANIMAL CULTURE
Pets
Dogs
Dog breeders, owners etc.
422.7 General works
422.73.A-Z By region or country, A-Z

46
 U.S. with breakdown by state
Special countries
United States
T55.7 General works
T55.72.A-W By state, A-W
T55.74.A-Z Other American countries, A-Z
T55.75.A-Z Europe. By country, A-Z
T55.76.A-Z Asia. By country, A-Z
T55.775 Australia
T55.778 New Zealand
47
 U.S with breakdown by city

HT COMMUNITIES. CLASSES. RACES

City planning
166 General works
By region or country
United States
167 General works
167.2 Dept. of Housing and Urban Development
167.5.A-Z By region or state, A-Z
168.A-Z By city, A-Z
169.A-Z Other regions or countries, A-Z 48
TG BRIDGE ENGINEERING

21-127 Country divisions

21-54 America
55-95 Europe
72.P23 Paris. Alexander III Bridge
99-113.5 Asia
114 Arab countries Span of numbers,
114.5 Islamic countries
115-119 Africa Preferred order
120-120.5 Indian Ocean islands
120.7-122.7 Australasia
123-124 Pacific Islands
125-125.5 Arctic regions
126 Antarctica
126.5 Tropics
 Place divided by topic
Differs from usual LCC practice (classify by
topic, sub-arrange by place)
Place divided by topic is characteristic of
history schedules (D,E,F), laws of countries
(KD-KWX) and some areas of the social
sciences
Class or subclass divided geographically, with
further subdivisions by form, topic, or period
Allows more specific enumeration of topics
appropriate to each country
50
 Place divided by topic
DA HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN
1-3 Historiography
4 Study and teaching
10-18.2 British Empire. Commonwealth of Nations. The Commonwealth
Including Great Britain, the dominions, and the colonies.
For individual dominions and colonies, see DS-DU, F, etc.
20-690 England
700-745 Wales
750-890 Scotland
900-995 Ireland
900 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
905 Sources and documents
906 General works
Biography (Collective) see DA916
908-908.7 Historiography
909-965 History
969 Description and travel
Place divided by topic
 Tables
Tables are used extensively in LCC
Allow for subarrangement of similar topics
without the need to print the same
information repeatedly
Some tables apply to very limited topics,
some are used throughout the system
Lots of help with tables throughout the
workshop
53
Exercises 1 & 2
Tools for LC Classification

Session 4
This session covers:
Versions of LC Classification available
Print and electronic
Primary tools for understanding and
applying LC Classification
Additional resources useful in applying
LC Classification
Overview of features in Classification
Web
2
LCC schedules: print
Issued in 41
separate volumes by
Cataloging
Distribution Service
Available as
individual volumes or
as a set
Each schedule
revised on its own
timetable
3
LCC schedules: print (2)
SuperLCCS issued
by Thomson Gale
LC Classification
schedules combined
with additions,
changes, deletions
Updated annually

4
LCC schedules: electronic
Classification Web
http://classificationweb.net/
Web-based tool for access to LC Classification
and LC Subject Headings
Updated daily most up-to-date version
MARC Distribution Service (MDS)
Classification
Full set of LC Classification records in MARC 21
or MARCXML format, distributed weekly
Includes records only; no software for display
5
 Classification Web
Full-text display of all LCC
schedules
LCSH, with links to schedules
Correlations between class
numbers and LCSH
Automatic calculation of table
numbers
Available by subscription
Quick Start Tutorial for help
with searching and other
features
6
Example of Classification Web display
Tools for applying the schedules
Manuals
Outline
Authority records
Auxiliary tools

9
Manuals
Subject Cataloging Manual: Classification
guidelines for assigning LC classification numbers
following LC policy and standards
Subject Cataloging Manual: Shelflisting
guidelines for formulating the unique book number
portion of call numbers
Available in electronic form (Catalogers
Desktop) or loose-leaf print versions
We will reference these tools often during the
workshop
10
SCM: Classification
1st ed., 1992 (with 1995
update)
Instruction sheets
prefaced with F
Useful for guidance on:
Choosing a class number
Understanding use of form
captions
Classifying special topics or
categories of material
(folklore, genealogy, literary
authors, etc.)
 SCM: Shelflisting
2nd ed., 1995 (out of print,
available through Catalogers
Desktop only)
Instruction sheets prefaced with
G
Includes tables used throughout
the LCC schedules
Including By region or

country, A-Z
Useful for guidance on:
Completing the call number

Cutter numbers

Dates in call numbers

New combined manual:
coming soon
Subject Cataloging Manual: LC Classification
and Shelflisting (in progress)
New ed of SCM: Shelflisting
To be combined with SCM: Classification in one
physical volume
Much of the new & revised material now available
in Catalogers Desktop
Two sections: General & LC-Specific
Information:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/scmsl.html

15
 Outline
Detailed outline of LCC
Helps classifiers
understand the system
and locate appropriate
schedules
Available in print from
CDS (7th ed., 2003)
Available online:
www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/

16
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Entries in LCSH sometimes include
suggested LC Classification numbers for the
heading
Class numbers represent the most common
aspects of the topic
Added only if very close correspondence between
subject heading & LCC schedules
Class numbers are not always kept up-to-date
Use as a starting point only! Always consult the
LCC schedules

20
LCSH entry for Learning disabilities:
class numbers in different disciplines
Authority records
Subject authority records
contain the same information as LCSH entries
Name authority records
Literary authors have specific LC Class numbers
Many appear in name authority records
LC Class number appears in 053 field
Caution: as noted for class numbers in LCSH,
not kept up-to-date. Use as a starting point
only!

22
Subject authority record with class numbers
Name authority record: literary author
Auxiliary tools
Useful for:
Learning more about LC Classification
Keeping up with changes
Proposing new or revised class numbers

25
 LCs Cataloging
and Acquisitions
web site

http://www.loc.gov/aba
New class numbers from Weekly List 05 (2007)
Chan, Lois Mai. A
Guide to the Library
of Congress
Classification, 5th
ed. (Englewood,
CO: Libraries
Unlimited, 1999)

29
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/saco.saco.html
SACO home page (2)
http://catalog.loc.gov/
LC Call Number browse
LC Call Number browse results
LC Authorities: http://authorities.loc.gov
ClassWeb Quick Start Tutorial
Available in ClassWeb and at
http://www.loc.gov/cds/classweb/
Help with:
Browsing class numbers
Searching (captions, keywords, index terms, etc.)
Customizing
Correlating subject headings and class numbers
And more.

36
Results: browsing GV854.9
Some ClassWeb features
H (display classification hierarchy)

shows the full hierarchy for that line at the top of the screen
R (display classification record)

shows the MARC 21 record that is used to build the database
B (display bibliographic records with this number)
shows links to several library catalogs; when you select one, you
see records in that catalog classed under that number
L (display LC subject headings for this number)
displays subject authority records that have that class number in
the 053
S (display subject correlations for this number)
shows subject headings in LCs catalog that are closely associated
with the class number
40
Checkers. Draughts.
Call number search in LCs catalog
Summary
Have essential tools at hand
Ensure that you have up to date
versions of schedules and manuals
Make use of auxiliary tools to increase
skill and efficiency

44
Elements of LC Call Numbers

Session 5
This session covers:
The elements that make up a call
number (notation)
Use of Cutter numbers
Basics of shelflisting
Additions to call numbers
MARC coding of call numbers

2
What is a call number?
Call number = class number + book number
Class number
alphanumeric
taken or derived from schedules
Book number
also called Item number or Author number
distinguishes among items classed under the
same number
usually begins with Cutter number
3
Overview: example 1
Animals in translation : using the mysteries of
autism to decode animal behavior / Temple
Grandin and Catherine Johnson, 2005.

Class number: QL Zoology

751 Animal behavior
Book number: .G73 Cutter for Grandin
2005 Year of publication
4
Overview: example 2
Essential Brittany / by Lindsay Hunt,
1997.

Class number: DC History of France

611 Regions
.B848 Brittany
Book number: H84 Cutter for Hunt
1997 Year of publication
5
 Cutter numbers
Named for Charles Ammi Cutter
developed several tables using letters and numbers to achieve
an alphabetical arrangement
Capital letter followed by Arabic numerals
Cutter numbers may be based on:
Personal or corporate names
Geographic names
Topics
Titles
Cutters used as book numbers generally correspond to
main entry (name or title)
The first Cutter in a call number is preceded by a decimal

6
Class numbers must contain:
one, two, or three capital letters
D History
DG History of Italy
DJK History of Eastern Europe
K Law
KF Law of the United States
KFP Law of Pennsylvania

7
Class numbers must contain: (2)
whole numbers (1-9999)
HV875 Adoption
TK7881 Industrial electronics

may have decimal extensions

HV875.5 Intercountry adoption

TK7881.85 Automobile sound systems and
equipment
8
Class numbers: decimal extensions
Decimals do not necessarily represent
subtopics of a whole number:
Water sports
GV836 Houseboats and houseboating
GV836.2 Swimming. Periodicals

Horse racing
SF357 Individual running races, A-Z
SF357.3 Quarter racing. Periodicals

9
 Class numbers may contain:
single Cutter number extension
BQ5075.P73 Prayer wheels in Buddhism
HN79.M3 Social conditions in Maryland
HV5824.C42 Drug use by celebrities

double Cutter number extension

HF5382.5.U6 F64 Vocational guidance in Florida
N6530.N72 C646 History of art in Columbia
County, New York

10
Book numbers
Used to arrange material in a given class
generally by main entry (primary access point)
Usually begin with a Cutter number
single capital letter, followed by Arabic numerals
G73 for GrandinH84 for Hunt
preceded by decimal, if this is the first Cutter
Arabic numerals represent remainder of name or
title, derived from Cutter table
Table is in SCM: Shelflisting G 63
also in appendix for this workshop
11
 Cutter Table examples
After initial vowels
for the second letter: b d l-m n p
use number: 2 3 4 5 6

After initial letter S

for the second letter: a ch e h-i m-p
use number: 2 3 4 5 6

12
 Cutter Table examples (2)
After other initial consonants
for the second letter: a e i o r u
use number: 3 4 5 6 7 8

For expansion
for the letter: a-d e-h i-l m-o p-s t-v
use number: 3 4 5 6 7 9

13
Shelflisting
The process of determining the book number
is called shelflisting
Shelflist:
a file of cards or bibliographic records arranged in
the same order as the corresponding materials on
the shelves
Shelflisting:
to arrange materials within a subject, normally by
author; to determine the book number
14
Using the Cutter Table:
first letter is a consonant
Main entry: Campbell, Joseph
begin with C
for 2nd letter a, use number 3: C3
expansion row : 3rd letter m-o, use 6: C36
Main entry: French political parties
begin with F
for 2nd letter r, use number 7: F7
expansion row: 3rd letter e-h, use 4: F74

15
Using the Cutter Table:
initial vowel, initial letter S
Main entry: The other eighteenth century
begin with O
for 2nd letter s-t, use number 8: O8
expansion row: 3rd letter e-h, use 4: O84
Main entry: Schreiber, Daniel
begin with S
for 2nd letters ch, use number 3: S3
expansion row: next letter p-s, use 7: S37

16
Determining the Cutter
Find the filing position in the shelflist
search by class number and view main entries
in most cases, arrangement is alphabetical order
by main entry
Consider whether use of the Cutter table will
achieve the proper position
if so, use the Cutter table
if not, adjust by using different numbers or by
expanding with additional numbers
The shelflist always takes precedence
17
Where should a new entry file?
G 100 Filing Rules has complete information
General principle: File elements exactly as they
appear, word by word, then character by
character
File abbreviations exactly as written
Treat hyphenated words as separate words
Ignore initial articles (such as a, an, the)
list of articles in many languages is in G 100
BUT do not ignore initial articles in personal and
place names
18
Adjusting the Cutter:
expanding numbers
In order to permit infinite expansion between
numbers, Cutters are treated as decimals
.B3
.B47
.B56
.B564
.B583
.B66 Do not end a Cutter with 1 or 0
.B7

20
Adjusting the Cutter: expanding numbers
What Cutter would fit between these two?
.S39
.S392

.S395

.S396

.S3965

.S39995
.S4
21
 Main entry: letter not given in table
For: Gladwell, Malcolm Cutter table: L not specified
Shelflist shows:

BF448 Galotti, Kathleen Making decisions that

.G35 2002 matter

BF448 Gelatt, H. B. Creative decision making

.G45 2003

BF448 Glaser, Rollin O. Groupthink index

.G57 1993
Could use: .G53
 Example: inserting the number
For: Levitt, Stephen Cutter table suggests: L48
Shelflist shows:
HB74.P8 Levine, David P.Normative political
L477 2001 economy.

HB74.P8 Levine, David P.Subjectivity in political

L478 1998 economy.

HB74.P8 Lewis, Alan. New economic mind

L48 1995

Could use: L479

Cuttering for numerals: SCM G 63
When Cuttering for Roman or Arabic
numerals, use the Cutters .A12-.A19
PR8858 .A17 1995
The 1916 poets / edited with an introduction by Desmond
Ryan, 1995.
When numerals are expressed as words,
Cutter like any other word:
BM723 .F48 1996
Fifty-eighth century : a Jewish renewal sourcebook / edited
by Shohama Harris Wiener, 1996.

24
Exercise 1

Elements of LC Call Numbers

Exercise 1: Applying the Cutter Table

is at the end of this session

25
More on class numbersMAY
contain:
a date as an extension of the class
number:
JK1968 2004 .R63 2005
Election returns. By date of election
HV600 1746 .L55 P47 2001
Disaster relief. Earthquakes. By date of
occurrence

26
Example from Classification Web
Example from Classification Web
Example of complete call number
For a work about the 1746 earthquake
in Lima, Peru with main entry Prez:

HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare

600 Earthquake relief
1746 Date of occurrence
.L55 Subarranged by place Lima
P47 Cutter for Prez
2001 Date of publication

29
How many Cutter numbers?
Schedules may provide instructions for sub-
arrangement
these always take precedence over general
practices
No more than two Cutter numbers in a call
number (except G schedule)
No special instructions in the schedules?:
assign single Cutter for main entry
QL751.G73 Grandin, Temple

30
How many Cutter numbers?
If class number includes a Cutter
(representing topic, place, etc.):
assign an additional Cutter for the main
entry:

DC611.B848 H84 Hunt, Lindsey

HN79.M3 C37 Carr, Lois
HV5824.C42 K87 Kusinitz, Marc

31
 How many Cutter numbers?
If class number requires two Cutter
numbers to express the topic:
add digits to the second number to achieve
alphabetical arrangement by main entry

HF5382.5.U6 F6+ Florida

F62 one work about Florida
F64 another work about Florida
F645 yet another
F67 and another
32
A-Z Topical Cutters
Topical Cutters are used in a schedule when
a series of topics does not lend itself to a
logical or hierarchical order:
TX557 Vegetables, cereals, fruits, etc.
558 Special, A-Z
.A3 Acorns
.A6 Apples
.B3 Bananas
.B35 Barley
33
A-Z Topical Cutters (2)
Most topical Cutters are printed in the
schedules
Previous practice: in some areas, only
representative or sample Cutter numbers were
given, preceded by e.g.
Some types of Cutters are not printed: personal,
corporate, geographic names, languages (when
topic is subarranged by language)
New topical Cutters can be proposed through
SACO
34
Reserved Cutter numbers
A span of Cutter numbers at the
beginning (A) or end (Z) of the
sequence set aside for special purposes
A Cutters are often for form divisions
(periodicals, congresses)
Z Cutters are often for special divisions
of the subject (biography and criticism of
a literary author)

35
.A1, .A15, .A2 are reserved

For general works, Cutter for main entry

Abell should be greater than .A3

For reserved Cutters, add a second Cutter

based on main entry
Additions to call numbers
Date of publication is added in most
cases
Work letter (or mark)
Volume number
Terms such as Index or Suppl.
Local decisions:
Copy 1, 2, etc.
Oversize designation
37
Date of publication: G 140
General rule: add the date of imprint to all
monographs
prior to 1982, not done routinely
Dates are not added to the call numbers for
serials and certain loose-leaf publications
associated with legal materials
G 140 includes instructions on handling
multiple or complex dates
and exceptions to the general rule

38
Display of the notation
The same LC call number may be
displayed in numerous ways

RC RC RC569 RC569.5
569.5 569.5 .5 .S56B36
.S56 .S56B36 .S56B36 1988
B36 1988 1988
1988

40
MARC 21 Coding
In a bibliographic record, the LC call number
appears in field 050

050 00 $a QL751 $b .G73 2005

050 00 $a RC569.5.S56 $b B36 1988

Subfield codes:
$a Classification number
$b Item number
41
050 field: indicators
First indicator: existence in LC collection
_ No information provided
0 Item is in LC
1 Item is not in LC
Second indicator: source of call number
0 Assigned by LC
4 Assigned by agency other than LC

42
 MARC 21 Coding
Reminder: classification number portion of the
call number may include a Cutter
050 00 $a QL751 $b .G73 2005
050 00 $a DC611.B848 $b H84 1997

First Cutter is preceded by decimal

General rule: delimiter for the item number
($b) precedes the last capital letter
43
MARC Coding in OCLC
090 field: Locally assigned LC-type call number
based on LC classification schedules but assigned locally
both indicators are blank
090 # # RM735.7.K54 $b P373 2005
When transcribing LC copy, use 050 field for LC call
number
When assigning LC call number, libraries may use:
090 OR 050 #4
090 field is not retained in master record if record
also contains 050 field
44
BIBCO usage
LC call number is assigned in 050 field
050 #4
1st indicator blank (no information provided about
existence in LC collection)
2nd indicator 4 (assigned by agency other than LC)
When/if a BIBCO record is used by LC, the
indicators are changed to 00
For more information:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/bibco/classfaq.html
45
Exercise 2

46
Principles of Classification
and Assigning Class Numbers

Session 6
This session covers:
SCM: Classification F 10
Principles that generally apply when using
LC classification
Principles applicable in all schedules
Finding a number
Strategies
Works on a single topic, on multiple topics

2
General principles
Class works according to their subject matter

Class a work by its specific subject, not by its

form under a broader topic

Within given topical area, ignore form unless

form captions have been established

3
General principles (2)
General principles (3)
Within a given topical area, prefer
classing by subject over classing by
place

Exceptions
Instructions in schedules take precedence
Clear precedent in shelflist takes
precedence
5
General principles (4)

A work on female sex offenders in Germany would be

classed at:
HV6557
not at HV6592-6593 (By region or country)
General principles (5)
Use the most specific number available

Use a broader number if:

No specific number is available, and
It is not feasible to propose a new number

7
General principles (6)
When several subjects are discussed in a
work, choose a class number according to
the most appropriate of these guidelines:
Class according to instructions in schedules
Class according to dominant subject
If no subject is dominant, class under first subject
mentioned in the work
Class with a broader subject, if the work deals with
several subjects that, taken together, constitute a
major part of a larger subject

8
General principles (7)
When several numbers appear
satisfactory:
Class according to the intent of the author

Alternatively, class where it appears the

work would be most usefully located

9
General principles (8)
Influence of one subject on another:
Class with the subject influenced
But, instructions in the schedules and past
practices take precedence

Example:
How to use social norms marketing to prevent driving
after drinking / Jeffrey W. Linkenbach. 2006.
Class in:
HE5620.D7 Drunk driving. Drinking and traffic accidents
10
General principles (9)
Relationship between order of subject
headings and class number

Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject

Headings H 80

Class number and first subject heading

usually match
11
Exercise 1

12
Finding a number
General principles
Choose the most specific number possible
Locate the item with related materials
Some strategies
Classification Web
Other bibliographic records
LCSH, authority records
Schedules
13
Finding a number (2)
Classification Web
Classification search
Captions
Keywords
Index terms
LC Subject Heading & LC Classification
Number Correlations

14
ClassWeb search options
Caption
Searches text in captions only
Left match: retrieves only captions that begin with
the search term
Caution: easy to miss relevant numbers

Keyword
Word or phrase anywhere
Searches notes, multiple captions
15
Caption Search
Caption search results
Caption vs. keyword

Browse caption results: no match for Food safety

Caption vs. keyword (2)

Keyword search results: 2 items matching Food safety

Class/Subject Correlations
Class/Subject Correlations (2)

Always check numbers

for currency!
Class/Subject Correlations (3)
Class/Subject Correlations (4)

HM425 is the currently valid number

Finding a number (3)
Consult other bibliographic records
Prefer recent LC records
Searching LCs online catalog is a good
strategy
Remember that the first subject heading
usually matches the call number
Remember that catalog records may
include obsolete numbers or reflect
obsolete practices
25
Subject search on identity theft in LCs
catalog selected results:
HV6675 .N48 1999
Identity theft : the cybercrime of the millennium / by John Q. Newman .
1999.
SUBJECT: Identity theft.
Internet fraud.
Computer crimes.

KF9367.Z9 J37 2006

Identify theft and how to protect yourself / by Margaret C. Jasper. 2006.
SUBJECTS: Identity theft--United States--Popular works.
Identification cards--Forgeries--United States--Popular
works.
SERIES: Law for the layperson

26
Subject search on identity theft in LCs
catalog selected results:
QA76.9.A25 T96 2005
Computer privacy annoyances : how to avoid the most annoying invasions
of your personal and online privacy / Dan Tyan. 2005.
SUBJECTS: Computer security.
Computers--Access control.
Data protection.
Identity theft.

HV6679 .C49 2004

Save your identity : ID theft awareness, prevention, and recovery / Michael
Chesbro. 2004.
SUBJECT: Identity theft--United States.
Identity theft--United States--Prevention.

27
Checking the schedule: HV6675+
Finding a number (4)
LCSH and subject authority records
Suggested class numbers are included for
some headings
only if very close correspondence between
subject heading & LCC schedules
Not kept up-to-date
Never use these numbers without checking
In subject authority records, class
number is in 053 field
29
Example: class numbers in LCSH
Example: 053 field in subject authority
record
Finding a number (5)
Go directly to the schedules
Often difficult for the beginner
May be the best approach for those
working in specialized subject areas
Consult the outline for guidance on
where to start
Use the index of the appropriate
schedule
32
 Using the index
Strategic marketing : an applied perspective / Karel Jan
Alsem.
SUBJECT: Marketing--Management.

From Schedule H Index:

Market share: HD2757.15
Market surveys: HF5415.3
Marketing: HF5410+
Accident insurance: HG9321
Accounting: HF5686.M35
Accounting business: HF5628.5
Banks: HG1616.M3
HF COMMERCE
Business
Marketing
5410 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
5411 Congresses
-----------------------------------------------------------
5415 General works
By region or country
5415.1 United States
54415.12 Other regions or countries, A-Z
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Marketing management
5415.13 General works
5415.135 Decision making
Product management
5415.15 General works
5415.152 Bundling
Works on a single topic
Choose a number for the topic or a
facet of the topic

If a breakdown is not provided, use the

General Works number

35
Works on a single topic (2)
General special:
SCM: Classification F 290
No longer used in newly published
schedules, but continues to appear in older
schedules
Used for amorphous works for which it is
impossible to determine precisely the
actual concepts discussed

36
Works on a single topic (3)
General special (contd)
Used for works involving subjects so new
that it cannot be immediately determined
where they fit in a classification hierarchy
Do not use when number can be
determined and designated. Propose a
new number if necessary
Do not propose new General special
numbers
37
Works on a single topic (4)
Works on a single topic (5)
Works on a single topic (6)
Form numbers:

Periodicals, societies, congresses,

dictionaries, etc.

Use form numbers if given, otherwise class

with General works

40
Works on a Single Topic (7)
Works on a single topic (8)
Place numbers:
For a work treating a topic with regard to a
particular place:
class with a number that brings out both topic
and place, if available
if there are no geographic provisions under the
specific topic, class with the specific topic

42
Where would you class a work on the diet of athletes in China?
Works on a single topic (10)
Period numbers:

Class in period numbers if provided

If work covers several time spans listed,

select the earliest

44
Works on a single topic (11)
Works on a single topic (12)
Works on multiple topics
If there are two or more topics:
Follow instructions in schedule

No instructions in the schedule: class for the dominant

topic
Works on multiple topics (2)

Promotions is the dominant topic

CommerceBusinessPersonnel management.
Employment managementBy topicPromotions
Works on multiple topics (3)
If there is no dominant topic:
Class under the first topic mentioned in the
work
Choose the broader topic if the two or
three topics constitute the whole of the
topic
If there are four or more topics, choose the
general number

49
No dominant topic
Class under first topic mentioned in the work
Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. 1998.
QD Chemistry
181 Special elements, A-Z
.A7 Cutter for Arsenic

Class under broader topic if the two or three topics

constitute the whole of the broader topic
for a work on the management of beef cattle and dairy cattle,
class under the broader topic, Cattle

50
Relationships among topics
Use the number for the relationship if
available, e.g., BL239-265 Religion and
science

When the work treats the influence of

one topic on another, class for the topic
being influenced

51
Relationships among topics (2)
When the work treats the application of
one topic to another, class with the topic
being acted upon

Computers and the history of art, class in N

Cable television and education, class in L

52
Practice
 Summary
Remember the general principles
outlined in SCM F 10
There are many strategies used to find
a number, using many different tools
Keep the focus of the work in mind
when determining an appropriate class
number

54
Tables

Session 7
 Tables
Tables are used extensively in LCC
Some tables apply to very limited topics,
some are used throughout the system
In this session:
Overview of the types of tables
Tables of general application
Later sessions: tables used in H, N, P
2
Where are tables found?
Tables that apply: Appear:
To a specific subject or In the text of the
span of numbers schedule:
Internal tables
To various subjects in a At the end of the
class or subclass schedule, before the
index:
External tables
Throughout the In SCM: Shelflisting
schedules
Internal table : class T
T TECHNOLOGY (GENERAL)

Industrial directories
11.95 General works
By region or country
United States
12 General works
12.3.A-Z By region or state, A-Z
Under each state:
.x General works
.x2A-Z Local, A-Z
External table in Class H (Social Sciences) : H16
Tables of general application
These tables may be used in any
schedule
Tables are not used if the particular
schedule has its own provisions
Geographic tables based on Cutter
numbers
Biography table
Translation table
6
Regions and Countries Table (G 300)

Provides Cutter numbers for regions,

countries, historical jurisdictions or
entities, and islands

Used when caption in classification

schedule reads: By region or country,
A-Z
7
Regions and Countries Table (2)
Regions and Countries Table (3)

Not used when Cutter number for place has

already been established in the shelflist or
classification schedule

If a conflict exists with adjacent Cutter

numbers, continue the existing Cutter
arrangement, adjusting the new Cutter to
maintain proper alphabetic arrangement

9
American States and Canadian
Provinces Table: G 302

Used when caption in classification

schedule reads: By state, A-W or By
province, A-Z

Same restrictions apply to G 302 as to

G 300

10
American States and Canadian Provinces
Table: G 302
Translation table
.x Original work
.x12 Polyglot (3 or more languages)
.x13 English translation
.x14 French translation
.x15 German translation
.x16 Italian translation
.x17 Russian translation
.x18 Spanish translation
12
Translation table (2)
Used only when a uniform title plus
language(s) is provided
If two languages are specified in the uniform
title, Cutter for the first language
If the language is not listed in the table, select
a number that agrees alphabetically with the
table and the shelflist
Former practice was to omit the 1, e.g., .x3
for an English translation

13
Translation table (3)
Do not use the translation table:
When the main entry is under the heading for a
corporate body or a conference
When there are specific provisions for translations
in the schedules
When the caption for the class number is By
language A-Z
Use a Cutter based on the name of the language, e.g.,
E5 for English, G4 for German, etc.
In class M, Music
The Music Translation Table is used
14
Translation table examples
RC532 .F73813 2004
Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939.
Studien ber Hysteria. English
Studies in hysteria / Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer ;
translated by Nicola Luckhurst. 2004.
E169.Z8 B42313 1999
Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986.
Amrique au jour le jour. English
America day by day / Simone de Beauvoir ; translated
by Carol Cosman. 1999.
15
Translation table examples (2)
F2513 .L65167 2001
Levasseur, Emile, 1828-1911.
Brsil. Portuguese
O Brasil / por E. Levasseur. 2001.
From translation table:
.x16 Italian translation
.x17 Russian translation
Cataloger chose the expansion 167 to fit the Portuguese
translation between the numbers for Italian and Russian

16
Biography table: G 320
Used when biography numbers are
specified in the schedule, i.e.,
Biography A-Z
Used when the biographee is on the
first Cutter
Not used in classes N and P, which
have their own biography tables

17
Biography table: G 320
.x = the call number up to here

.x Cutter for the biographee

.xA2 Collected works. By date
.xA25 Selected works. Selections. By date
.xA3 Autobiography, diaries, etc. By date
.xA4 Letters. By date.
.xA5 Speeches, essays, and lectures. By date
Including interviews
.xA6-Z Individual biography and criticism.
By main entry
Including criticism of selected works, autobiography,
quotations, letters, speeches, interviews, etc.
18
Biography table (2)
Biography and criticism are limited to the
range .xA6-Z

Suggested Cutter numbers for entries

beginning with A are:
Aa-Af A6-699
Ag-Al A7-799
Am-Ar A8-899
As-Az A9-999
19
Classifying biographies: F 275
Class biographical works, individual or
collective, under the topic with which the
biographee is most closely identified
For persons with multi-faceted careers, but one
facet is emphasized, class with that facet
Class in CT (Biography):
Works on individuals not identified with a specific
topic
Individual biography of a person with multiple
careers, no particular one emphasized
20
Collective vs. individual
biography
Collective biography:
discusses the lives and/or contributions of two or
more persons with a discrete section of the work
devoted to each
the biography table is not used for collective
biography
Individual biography:
discusses the life and/or contributions of an
individual to a given field
an autobiography

21
No biography number?
If no biography number is provided:
Class biographies of individuals closely
associated with a particular topic in the
General works number for the topic

Use double Cutter numbers, first for

biographee, second for main entry

22
Biography table examples
Individual biography
GN21.B45 Y68 2005
Young, Virginia Heyer.
Ruth Benedict : beyond relativity, beyond pattern. 2005.
SUBJECTS:
Benedict, Ruth, 1887-1948.
Women anthropologists--United States--Biography.

Biography table: .xA6-Z, Individual biography, by main

entry
First Cutter for the biographee (Benedict): .B45
Second Cutter for main entry (Young): Y68
Add date of publication
24
 Autobiography
GN21.F6 A3 2004
Fox, Robin, 1934-
Participant observer : memoir of a transatlantic life. 2004.
SUBJECTS: Fox, Robin, 1934-
Anthropologists--England--Biography.
Anthropologists--United States--Biography.

Biography table: .xA3 Autobiography, diaries, etc. By date

First Cutter for the biographee (Fox): .F6
Second Cutter A3 from the biography table: A3
Add date of publication
25
 Selected works
GN21.M25 A25 1993
Malinowski, Bronislaw,1884-1942.
The early writings of Bronislaw Malinowski / edited by Robert J.
Thornton and Peter Skalnik
SUBJECTS: Malinowski, Bronislaw, 1884-1942.
Ethnology.

Biography table: .xA25 Selected works. Selections. By

date
First Cutter for the biographee (Malinowski): .M25
Second Cutter A25 from the biography table: A25
Add date of publication 26
Exercise 1
Schedule P:
Language and Literature

Session 8
Overview
General: background, features, outline,
and tables
Languages
Literature
General
Individual
History and criticism
Individual authors

2
Background
Began development in 1909; completed
in 1948
Includes 19 subclasses
Published in thirteen different schedules
and tables

3
Features of Schedule P
General pattern: language and literature
in the same subclass
EXCEPTION: Literatures in major Western
European languages are represented by
subclasses
Extensive use of tables
Classification of literature: languages
and forms take precedence over topic
4
Outline of Subclasses (1)
P Philology. Linguistics
PA Greek and Latin languages and literatures
PB Modern languages (General). Celtic languages
PC Romance languages
PD Germanic languages (General). Scandinavian
languages
PE English language
PF West Germanic languages
PG Slavic, Baltic, Albanian languages and literature
PH Uralic, Basque languages and literature
PJ Oriental philology and literature (General). Semitic
languages and literature
Outline of Subclasses (2)
PK Indo-Iranian languages and literatures
PL Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia,
Africa, Oceania
PM Hyperborean, Indian, and artificial languages
PN Literature (General)
PQ French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese
literatures
PR English literature
PS American literature
PT Germanic literatures
PZ Fiction and juvenile belles lettres
Print schedules and tables
Many schedules in P are published with multiple
subclasses in one volume
PB-PH Modern European Languages

PR, PS, PZ English and American Literature,

Juvenile Belles Lettres

Tables for all schedules were consolidated,
renumbered, and published in a single volume, P-PZ
Tables, in 1982
References to tables in older editions of P schedules
may not correspond to current numbering

7
Selected P-PZ Tables for
Languages
P-PZ1 Languages (599 nos.)
P-PZ2 Languages (431 nos.)
P-PZ3 Languages (199 nos.)
P-PZ4 Languages (99 nos.)
P-PZ5 Languages (46 nos.)

P-PZ15 Languages (1 no.)

P-PZ16 Languages (Decimal no. or Cutter no.)
8
Typical broad outline of language
tables
Periodicals
(Societies, Serials, Collections)
(Encyclopedias, Study and teaching)
General works
(Language acquisition, History of the language)
Grammar
(Textbooks, Readers, Syntax)
Dictionaries
(same language, two or more languages)
Dialects
9
Applying the language tables
Beginning Manx Gaelic : lessons in Manx / [Mona
Douglas]. 2002
SUBJECT: Manx language--Textbooks for foreign
speakers--English.

PB Modern languages. Celtic languages

Manx
1801-1846 Language (Table P-PZ5)

Note the range is 46 numbers

10
Table P-PZ5
Table for languages (46 nos.)
.
10.5Script
Grammar
11 General works
12 General special
Textbooks
13.A2 History and criticism
13.A3-Z Textbooks
.
11
Applying the language tables (2)
Base number from schedule: 1800
Add number from table: 13
1813

Cutter for main entry (Douglas) within A3-Z

range (D68)

PB1813.D68 2002
12
Lexicography: Monolingual vs. Bilingual
Diccionario de la lengua espanola. 2005.
PC4625 .D478 2005
HIERARCHY: Romance philology and languages Spanish
Language Lexicography Dictionaries Spanish only
1800- -- General

The American Heritage pocket Spanish dictionary.

2001.
PC4640 .A46 2001
HIERARCHY: Romance philology and languages Spanish
Language Lexicography Dictionaries Bilingual
Spanish-English; English-Spanish

13
Lexicography vs. Subject
Vocabulaire trilingue des vhicules de
transport routier = Trilingual vocabulary of
road transport vehicles = Vocabulario trilinge
de autotransporte de carga.

CALL NUMBER: HE141 .V63 1995

HIERARCHY: Transportation and
communications. Dictionaries. Encyclopedias.
SUBJECTS:
Trucking--Dictionaries.
Trucking--Dictionaries--French.
Trucking--Dictionaries--Spanish.
14
Exercise 1

Schedule P
Exercise 1:
P-PZ1b (German language)

is at the end of this session

PN: Literature (General) Plus--

16
PN: Examples (1)
Radiant textuality : literature after the World
Wide Web / Jerome McGann. New York :
Palgrave, 2004.
SUBJECT: Criticism--Data processing.

CALL NUMBER: PN98.E4 M39 2004

HIERARCHY: Literature (General) Criticism
Special Topics. By subject A-Z Electronic Data
Processing
17
PN: Examples (2)
Hangin' with Lindsay Lohan / by Michael-
Anne Johns. New York, Scholastic, c2004.
ALTERNATE TITLE: Hanging with Lindsay Lohan

CALL NUMBER: PN2287.L623 J64 2004

HIERARCHY: Drama Dramatic representation.
The theater Special regions and countries
America North America United States
Biography Individual, A-Z

18
Literature: Subarrangement
Under each individual literature:
History and criticism
Collections or anthologies of more than
one author
Individual authors
Non-national (local) literature

19
Selected P-PZ Tables for Literature
P-PZ20 Literature (194 nos.)
P-PZ25 Literature (1 no.)
P-PZ28 Anonymous works (1 no.)
P-PZ31 Authors (49 nos.)
P-PZ32 Authors (19 nos.)
P-PZ34 Separate works (5 nos.)
P-PZ39 Authors (1 no.)
P-PZ40 Authors (Cutter no.)
P-PZ43 Separate works (Successive Cutter nos.)
20
Example 1:
History and criticism
The Cambridge history of Spanish literature.

SUBJECT: Spanish literature--History and criticism.

PQ6001-8929 Spanish literature

PQ6001-6168 Literary history and criticism
PQ6031-6168 History of Spanish literature
PQ6032-6036 1801-
PQ6033 English

21
Example 2: History and criticism
Historia de la literatura mexicana : desde sus
origines hasta nuestros dias. 1996-2002

SUBJECT: Mexican literature--History and criticism

PQ7020-8929 Spanish literature outside of Spain

PQ7081-7087 Spanish America
PQ7100-7298.436 Mexico (Table P-PZ20 modified)

22
 Table P-PZ20
Table for literature (194 nos.)
History
10 Early works
Modern treatises
11 General works
12 Textbooks

23
Table P-PZ20 modified
Base number from schedule: 7100
Add number from table: 11
7111

Cutter for (title) main entry (Historia)

PQ7111.H57 1996
24
Example: Collections
The best winners of the Booker Prize. 1991.
PR1105 .B47 1991
Hierarchy: English literature--Collections of
English literature--General collections--Collections
published after 1801

The Columbia anthology of American poetry.

1995.
PS584 .C66 1995
HIERARCHY: American literature--Collections of
American literature--Poetry--Collections published
1961-
25
Individual authors
Works by a literary author and about that
author are arranged in a single group
Individual authors are grouped by period under
each national literature
Example: American literature
PS700-893 Colonial period
PS991-3390 19th century
PS3500-3549 1900-1960
PS3550-3576 1961-2000
PS3600-3626 2001-
26
 Literary author numbers (F 632)
Normally all works by & about an author
classed in one number (or range)
Determined by language in which author writes and
authors nationality (and period if applicable)
Authors who write in a language most
commonly associated with a different country
may be classed in the non-national area for that
literature
Arundhati Roy, author from India writing in English,
classed in PR9499.3 (English literature outside of
Great Britain)
27
Literary author numbers (F 632)
Many authors write in more than one language or are
associated with more than one country
Authors who write in more than one language: a
number is established under the literature of each
language
Vladimir Nabokov:

PG3476.N3 Russian language works

PS3527.A15 English language works

PG3476.N3 General criticism and

biography
28
Literary author numbers (F 632)
Authors associated with more than one
country
One number only: class with the country of
citizenship
Citizen of several countries? prefer country of
authors most productive years, where scholars
associate the author
Once a decision is made, only changed if clearly in
error
Scarce information? Use what is available
29
Individual authors (Notation)
Most authors receive one number or a Cutter
number
Major authors have been assigned very large
ranges
William Shakespeare, PR2750-3112
Other prolific authors may have smaller ranges
Mark Twain, PS1300-1348
Oscar Wilde, PR5810-5828
Louisa May Alcott, PS1015-1018

30
20th and 21st century authors
Assigned a Cutter number each, regardless
of amount of material published
PS3511.A86 William Faulkner
PS3551.N464 Maya Angelou
Cutter number generally based on the second
letter of authors last name
Class number based on the first letter of
authors last name

31
Example: Where is William
Faulkner (PS3511.A86)?

32
Printing literary author numbers
Policy for printing literary author numbers in
the P schedules:
Authors name changes significantly
Authors born before 1875
Authors with pseudonyms
Anonymous works published before 1899
How to find an author number
Check the authors authority record
Check a library catalog (LCs, your own)
33
Finding Faulkners number fast

34
Cutter to first or second letter?
Not all schedules base the Cutter
number for individual authors on the
second letter of the authors last name!
Vladimir Nabokov:

PG3476.N3 Russian language

works
PS3527.A15 English language

works
35
Using tables for literary
authors
Once you have located a literary author in the
schedules, determine which table to use
For authors listed in the schedules, specific
table references are given
PS815-819 Paine, Thomas (Table P-PZ35)
For modern authors with one Cutter number,
use Table P-PZ40 unless instructed otherwise

36
Literary author: individual work
At terror street and agony way : [poems] /
Charles Bukowski.

The author was born in Germany but

grew up and published in the U.S.;
published after 1961.

37
Classification

38
Shelflisting the author Cutter
PS3552.U399 Bukoski, Anthony

PS3552.U4 Bukowski, Charles

PS3552.U52 Bulgin, Bess

39
P-PZ40

40
P-PZ40: Works
P-PZ40 revised in 2005
Collected works/Selections: apply for
collections of works that were previously
published in book form or never published in
the authors lifetime
Collected works is now used for either
complete collected works or collected works in
a particular genre
Separate works: use also for collections
published in book form while the author is still
living
41
Shelflisting the book number
PS3552.U4 A67 Another academy /
[Charles Bukowski].
PS3552.U4 A9 1968 At terror street and
agony way : [poems] / Charles
Bukowski.
PS3552.U4 B7 1983 Bring me your love /
Charles Bukowski

42
Applying P-PZ40: individual work
PS American literature
3552 Individual authors who published
between 1961-2000, last name B
.U4 Author Cutter constructed
from 2nd letter of last name
A9 Book number [for At terror
street] from LC Cutter table, but
must be within the range .A61-Z458
1968 Date of publication
43
P-PZ40: biography and criticism

44
P-PZ40: Correspondence
Beerspit night and cursing : the correspondence
of Charles Bukowski and Sheri Martinelli,
1960-1967 / edited by Steven Moore. 2001.

PS3552.U4 Z48 2001

SUBJECTS (selected):
Bukowski, Charles--Correspondence.
Authors, American--20th century--Correspondence.
Martinelli, Sheri--Correspondence.

45
Applying P-PZ40:
Correspondence
PS American literature
3552 Individual authors, last name B
.U4 Author Cutter constructed
from 2nd letter of last name
Z48 Z48 for correspondence (from
table)
2000 Date of publication
46
P-PZ40: Biography
Drinking with Bukowski : recollections of the
poet laureate of Skid Row / edited by Daniel
Weizmann. 2000.

PS3552.U4 Z627 2000

SUBJECTS (selected):
Bukowski, Charles.
Bukowski, Charles--Friends and associates.
Authors, American--20th century--Biography.
47
 Shelflisting the book number:
biography
050 Author Title/Imprint
PS3552.U4 Christy, Buk book : musings on
Z62 1997 Jim, 1945- Charles Bukowski
Toronto : ECW Press, 1997.
PS3552.U4 Drinking with Bukowski
Z627 2000 New York : Thunders Mouth
Press, c2000.
PS3552.U4 Duval, Buk et les Beats Paris :
Z63 1998 Jean- Editions Michalon, c1998.
Francois
48
Charles Dickens: 49 numbers
Charles Dickens: individual works
Charles Dickens: individual work, P-PZ41
Charles Dickens: Applying
P-PZ41
A Routledge literary sourcebook on
Charles Dickens's David Copperfield /
edited by Richard J. Dunn. New York :
Routledge, 2004.
PR4558 David Copperfield
.R68 P-PZ41. Criticism .A7-Z [Cutter
to Routledge]
2004 Date of publication
52
Charles Dickens: general
criticism and interpretation
Charles Dickens' quarrel with America /
Sidney P. Moss. Troy, N.Y. : Whitston
Pub. Co., 1984.

SUBJECTS (selected):
Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870--Knowledge--
America.
Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870--Travel--United
States.
53
Charles Dickens: Applying P-PZ31
Charles Dickens: Applying P-PZ31:
Special subjects
Charles Dickens: Applying P-
PZ31 42.A54
PR4550 Base number
+ 42 Treatment and knowledge of
special subjects
PR4592
.A54 America [Cutter from table]
M67 Moss (Main entry)
1984 Date of publication
56
Selected literary authors sorted
by quantity of numbers assigned
Quantity Author Class no. range
363 William Shakespeare PR2750-3112
49 Edward Bulwer-Lytton PR4900-4948
19 George William Curtis PS1480-1498
9 Jane Austen PR4030-4038
9 Thomas Bailey Aldrich PS1020-1028
1 Emily Dickinson PS1541
1 Cutter Marcel Proust PR2631.R63
57
Different numbers, different
tables
Jane Austen. PR4030-4038 (9 numbers)
Subarranged by Table P-PZ33
Emily Dickinson. PS1541 (1 number)
Subarranged by Table P-PZ39
William Shakespeare. PR2750-3112 (363 no.)
No comprehensive table, but tables are applied to
individual numbers and Cutter ranges
PR2823 Macbeth. Subarr. by Table PR4

58
General reminders
Language and literature are not always together
PN includes a number of popular non-literary topics
(journalism, show business)
Most 20/21st century literary authors
Are not in the published schedules

Are assigned a single Cutter, often to the second

letter of the last name

Generally use the P-PZ40 table

The range of numbers for pre-20th century literary

authors is unpredictable!

59
Exercise

(Literature)
Special Types of Material

Session 9
Outline: special types
Editions Juvenile materials
Work letters Congresses
Corporate main Serials
entry
Volume numbers

2
Editions (G 145)
Unless otherwise indicated in the schedules,
generally keep editions together if the same
class number is appropriate
To keep editions together under the same
class number, assign the same book number
and differentiate by date and (if necessary) by
work letter
Do not keep editions together if a different
class number is appropriate
3
 Editions: same author & title (G 145)
If a subsequent edition has the same author,
title, & class number, assign the same Cutter
number as the previous editions. A date is used
to distinguish between the earlier and later
editions.
PN1995 .K23 1970
Going steady / Pauline Kael. -- 1 st ed. -- Boston : Little,
Brown, 1970.

PN1995 .K23 1994

Going steady : film writing, 1968-1969 / Pauline Kael. -- New
York : M. Boyars, 1994.
4
 Editions: variation in title (G 145)
If the title changes on the subsequent edition, but the
author and class number are the same, assign the
same Cutter number as the previous edition
PE1408 .F478

The way to write / by Rudolf Flesch. -- New York : Harper, 1947.

PE1408 .F478 1949
A new guide to better writing / by Rudolf Flesch & A.H. Lass. --
New York : Harper & Row, 1949.
PE1408 .F478 1996
The classic guide to better writing / by Rudolf Flesch and A.H.
Lass. -- 50th anniversary ed. -- New York : HarperPerennial,
c1996.
Rev. ed. of: A new guide to better writing, which was originally
published as The way to write.
Editions: changes in author and/or
title (G 145)
If the authorship and/or title of a work
changes from one edition to another,
but the classification number remains
the same, maintain the same book
number

6
Example: author/title change
RC280.B6 D33 1986
Dahlin, David C. (David Carl), 1917-
Bone tumors : general aspects and data on 8,542
cases / by David C. Dahlin and Krishnan K. Unni. 4th
ed. c1986.

RC280.B6 D33 1996

Unni, K. Krishnan, 1941-
Dahlins bone tumors : general aspects and data on
11,087 cases / K. Krishnan Unni. 5th ed. c1996.
7
 Editions: class number change
If a subsequent edition should be assigned a
different class number, the editions are not
kept together
Z694.M35
Handbook for AACR2 : explaining and illustrating Anglo-
American cataloguing rules, second edition / by Margaret F.
Maxwell. Chicago : American Library Association, 1980.

Z694.15.A56 M39 1989

Handbook for AACR2 : explaining and illustrating the Anglo-
American cataloguing rules / by Margaret Maxwell ; with a new
chapter by Judith A. Carter. 1988 rev. Chicago : American
Library Association, 1989.
8
Editions: class number change (2)
ChemistryGeneral works, treatises, and
advanced textbooks
QD28 1761-1860
QD31 1861-1969

QD31.2 1970-2000

QD31.3 2001-

9
Example
QD31.2 .E22 1996
General chemistry / Darrell D. Ebbing 5th
ed. Boston : Houghton Mifflin, c1996.

QD31.3 .E22 2002

General chemistry / Darrell D. Ebbing, Steven
D. Gammon. 7th ed. Boston : Houghton
Mifflin, c2002.

10
 Work Letters (G 140)
Editions published in the same year are
usually differentiated by work letters, b-y

When the main entry is a corporate

name, work letters a-z are used to
distinguish different works published in
the same year

11
 Work letters: example
DA591.A45 D5326 2000
Jephson, P. D.
Shadows of a princess : Diana, Princess of Wales, 1987-
1996 : an intimate account by her private secretary / P.D.
Jephson. London : HarperCollins, 2000.
vii, 392 p., [8] p. of plates

DA591.A45 D5326 2000b

Jephson, P. D.
Shadows of a princess : Diana, Princess of Wales, 1987-
1996 : an intimate account by her private secretary / P.D.
Jephson. 1st ed. New York : HarperCollins Publishers,
c2000.
456 p. : ill.
Work letters with a and z
TX723.3 .P38 1860a
Petit, Alphonse. La gastronomie en Russie
[Paris : L'Arche du livre, 1970]
NOTE: Facsim. of original, published Paris :
Chez l'auteur : Emile Mellier, 1860.

DS798.9.K37 A53 1990z

The ancient city of Kharakhorum. Beijing :
New World Press, [199-]
13
Related works
Sometimes the same classification and
book number is used to bring together
different but related works
Examples:
Corporate main entry
Series (Classed together)

14
Corporate main entry (G 220)
A corporate body is an organization or group of
persons that is identified by a particular name, and
that acts, or may act, as an entity
Typical examples of corporate bodies are
associations, government agencies, religious bodies,
local churches, and conferences
For materials entered under a corporate body
heading, Cutter for the name of the corporate body
For monographic items, add the imprint date to the
call number to make each call number unique
Do not apply G 220 to materials in class K
15
 Corporate main entry example:
Call no. Main entry Title Date
TP937.B46 Benjamin Moore Moores floor paint. [190-?]
1900 & Co.

TP937.B46 Benjamin Moore Home decorative interior [19--?]

1900a & Co. suggestions.

TP937.B46 Benjamin Moore Muresco for wall and ceiling [ca. 1920]
1920 & Co. decoration.

TP937.B46 Benjamin Moore 100 years of exterior colors. [1983?]

1983 & Co.

16
Series volume numbers
Volume numbers are used to differentiate call
numbers for analytics of series.
For monographic series, no date is used:
HT101 .R393 no. 181
HT101 .R393 no. 185
For multipart item series, the initial date of the
series precedes the volume number:
PN4855 .H57 1994 no. 2
PN4855 .H57 1994 no. 3
17
Exercise 1

Special Types of Materials

Exercise 1

is at the end of this session

Forms of publication
Subjects have certain characteristic
types of publication and the schedules
usually have numbers at the beginning
of each subject
Some forms of publication include:
Juvenile materials
Congresses (conferences)
Serials

19
Juvenile materials (F 615)
Belles-lettres PZ5-90 Belles-lettres P-PT
Juvenile & YA fiction Poetry
Collections Drama
Picture storybooks Humor
Alphabet & counting Comic books
books
Stories in rhyme
Song texts illustrated for
children
Juvenile folk tales
Traditional nursery
rhymes

20
Examples
PZ7.B1135 $b Tu 2003
Babbitt, Natalie. Tuck everlasting. 2003.
PZ8.B115 $b Ou 1998
Babbitt, Natalie. Ouch! : a tale from Grimm. 1998.
PZ8.1 $b .T245 1997
Teeny tiny witch / [illustrated by Stephanie
Peterson]. 1997.
PS627.C57 $b A15 2000
5 Christmas plays for children. c2000.

21
Topical juvenile materials
Formerly classed in PZ9-10 & PZ15-16
Now classed in regular subject classes
Under the regular subject class, use the
Juvenile Works number, if present
If there is no Juvenile Works number,
use the General number (or make a
SACO proposal)
22
 Examples
LexicographyDictionariesEnglish only
Juvenile, school dictionaries
PE1628.5 .M44 2004
Merriam-Webster's intermediate dictionary.
SUBJECT: English language--Dictionaries, Juvenile.

African languages and literatureSpecial languages

(Alphabetically)ZuluLanguageDictionaries
PL8843 .W55 1998
Wilson-Max, Ken. Halala means welcome : a book of
Zulu words.
SUBJECT: Zulu language--Dictionaries, Juvenile--
English.
Congresses (F 240)
Use congress numbers to class:
Collected papers delivered or published for
one or more named or unnamed
congresses, symposia, conferences,
meetings, etc.
Condensations of these papers
Reports of proceedings and discussions,
program statements, lists of delegates, etc.
Combinations of the above
24
Congresses under Economic
history and conditions
Congresses (established number)
HC13. Economic history and conditions
Congresses
HC13 .I48 1984
Indiana University International Business
Forum (1984)
Managing amidst tensions and conflicts in a
global economy : background papers for the
Indiana University International Business
Forum
26
Congress vs. serial number
If a number has been established, class both
monographic and serial congresses in that number

TL1-4. Periodicals and societies.

TL6. Congresses.

TL6 .S78
The ... Stapp Automotive Crash and Field
Demonstration Conference : [proceedings]
an annual publication

27
Congress vs. serial number (2)
Do not class congresses in the number
for periodicals unless congresses are
explicitly included in the caption for that
number (as in class Q)
QP474. Periodicals, societies, congresses,
serial publications.

28
Congresses: no form number
If no number has been established for
congresses, class congresses in the
General Works number, or in the
periodical number if the congress is
cataloged as a serial
Class each monographic congress
according to its subject matter

29
Congresses (General works)
LB2331.63. Theory and practice of educationHigher education
Special aspects of higher educationEvaluation and ranking of
universities and collegesBy region or countryUnited States
General works

LB2331.63 .S95 1978

Summer Conference on Accreditation (1978 :
California State Polytechnic Association, Pomona)
Evaluating educational quality : a conference
summary

Not classed with form number under broader topic:

LB2301 Theory and practice of educationHigher
educationAssociations, conferences, congresses
Congress dates (G 230)
Significant exception to the use of the imprint
date for monograph call numbers: conference
main entry (use the date of the conference):
PE1068.G5 B75 2001

British Association of Lecturers in English

for Academic Purposes. Conference
(2001 : University of Strathclyde)
Directions for the future -- Bern ; New
York : Peter Lang, 2004.
31
Congress Cutters (G 230)
For works with the same conference main
entry and the same class number, assign the
same Cutter number & differentiate by date
Use a work letter to differentiate different
works with the same conference date
Use the same Cutter even if the work is a
translation or selection
If the conference is entered under title, Cutter
by title

32
Example:
QA76.9.A25 I555 2001
International Conference on the Theory and
Application of Cryptology and Information Security
(7th : 2001 : Gold Coast, Qld.)
Advances in cryptology--ASIACRYPT 2001

QA76.9.A25 I555 2002

International Conference on the Theory and
Application of Cryptology and Information Security
(8th : 2002 : Queenstown, N.Z.)
Advances in cryptology-ASIACRYPT 2002

33
 Serials (F 210)
Like conferences, there will usually be a class number
or group of numbers at the beginning of major topics in
the schedules for serials
Caption examples:
Periodicals. Societies. Serials
Periodicals
Periodicals, etc.
Periodicals and societies
Periodicals, societies, congresses, and serial
collections
No classification schedule has been developed for
newspapers
34
Serials (F 210)
Unless there are other specific
provisions in the schedule, class all
serial publications, including
periodicals, numbered monographic
series, and topical serial society
publications on the number at the
beginning of the topic

35
Schedule example: N1 Periodicals
Visual arts
Periodicals
N1.A1 Polyglot
N1.A12-Z American and English
N2 French
N3 German
N4 Italian
N5 Dutch and Flemish
N6 Russian. Slavic
N6.5 Scandinavian
N7 Spanish and Portuguese
N8.A-Z Other(including Oriental), A-Z
N9.A1 Yearbooks
Polyglot
Serial examples (general rule)
N1.A12-Z. Visual artsPeriodicalsAmerican and
English
N1.T583

Todays art and graphics.

SUBJECT: Art--Periodicals.
N4. Visual artsPeriodicalsItalian.
N4.C7

La critica darte.
SUBJECTS: 1. Art--Periodicals. 2. Art--Italy--
Periodicals.
37
 Serial examples (specific provisions)
N328. Visual artsStudy and teaching. ResearchArt
schools. Special regions or countries. United States.
General works.
N328.D57

Directory of MFA programs in the visual arts.

SUBJECT: Art schools--United States--Directories.
N6480. Visual artsHistoryModern artBy century
19th and 20th centuries20th century
Periodicals.
N6480.C65

Contemporanea (New York, N.Y.)

SUBJECT: Art, Modern--20th century--Periodicals.
Serial title changes (linear)
N1 .A243
Art instruction. [Stamford, Conn. : Watson-
Guptill Publications, c1937-c1939.
Continued by: American artist (Stamford,
Conn.)

N1 .A243
American artist (Stamford, Conn.)
American artist. [Stamford, Conn. : Watson-
Guptill Publications, c1940-
Continues: Art instruction.
Serial title changes (non-linear)
N8554 .A77
Art research news.
Merged with: Stolen art alert, to form: IFAR
reports.
N8795 .S76
Stolen art alert.
Merged with: Art research news, to form: IFAR
reports.
N8554 .I34
IFAR reports.
Formed by the union of: Stolen art alert, and:
Art research news.
Serials: corporate body as
main entry (G 220, 11)
As with monographs, when a corporate
body is the main entry and the same
class number is used, the Cutter
number for the main entry is not
adjusted to differentiate works
For serials, a work letter should be used
to differentiate works

41
 Serial example: work numbers
Call no. Main entry Title Imprint

Q11 .S79a Smithsonian Update. [Washington :

Institution. Smithsonian
Traveling Institution Traveling
Exhibition Exhibition Service]
Service.
Q11 .S79b Smithsonian Smithsonian year : City of Washington :
Institution. annual report of the Smithsonian
Smithsonian Institution Press :
Institution for the year For sale by the Supt.
ended Sept. 30 ... of Docs., U.S.
G.P.O., 1980-

42
 Serial example: work numbers (2)
Call no. Main entry Title Cutter from:

HJ11 Arkansas. Dept. Arkansas financial Arkansas + Dept. of

.A842a of Finance and management system. Finance and
Management. Management
HJ11 Arkansas. Dept. Budget preparation Arkansas + Dept. of
.A842b of Finance and manual. Finance and
Management. Management (but
Office of Budget. NOT Office of
Budget)
HJ11 Arkansas. Dept. Biennial report. Arkansas + Dept. of
.A87a of Revenues. Revenues

43
Exercises 2 & 3
Schedule H: Social Sciences

Session 10
 Overview of session
Historical overview
Topical layout of Schedule H
Scope notes
Types of tables
Shelflisting
Internal
External
Examples of the application of external tables
Geographic divisions
Subdivisions for industry and trade
Economic history and conditions 2
Scope notes
HA Statistics
Class here general works on social science statistics
and censuses, including statistical data and methodology.
For applications of statistics in the social sciences, see
the field.
For statistical data alone see HA154-4737
For works on the general theory and methodology of statistics see
QA276-280

3
Application of the first scope note
Title:
Sampling methodologies : with applications.

SUBJECT:
Social sciences--Statistical methods.

Class number:
HA Statistics
HA31.2 Sampling. Statistical survey
methodology
4
Application of the second scope note

Title:
Analyzing contemporary social issues : a
workbook with student CHIP software.

SUBJECT:
Sociology--Statistical methods.

Class number:
HM Sociology
HM535 Statistical methods
5
Subclass HM Sociology
HM Sociology
The Numbers HM1-HM299 were used by
the Library of Congress until January
1999. After that date, they were replaced
by a revised subclass HM that begins at
HM401. The numbers HM1-HM299 are
currently used only to class new
continuations of serials that are already
classed in those numbers.

6
Use of tables in the H Schedule
Tables are used extensively throughout
the H Schedule
Types of tables used in the H Schedule
Shelflisting Tables of General Application
Internal Tables
External Tables
Hybrid Tables

7
 Shelflisting tables of general
application
Used throughout most of LCC
Developed to create uniformity of Cutter
numbers across all classes
The Regions and Countries Table (G 300)
is often used in Schedule H
American States and Canadian Provinces
Table is not used in Schedule H
H has its own table of states (H28)
8
 Regions and Countries Table
example
Title:
Evaluating in practice / Ian Shaw.
Publication data:
Aldershot, Hants, England : Arena ; Brookfield,
Vt., USA : Ashgate Pub. Co., c1996.

SUBJECT:
Social service--Great Britain--Evaluation.

9
 Regions and Countries Table example
HV SOCIAL PATHOLOGY. SOCIAL AND PUBLIC
WELFARE. CRIMINOLOGY
Social service. Social work. Charity organization and
practice
Social workers
HV40.6 Supply and demand
HV40.62 Salaries, pensions, etc.
HV40.8.A-Z By region or country, A-Z
HV41 General special
Regions and Countries Table
example
G 300 Regions and Countries Table

11
 Regions and Countries Table example
Evaluating in practice / Ian Shaw.
Aldershot, Hants, England : Arena ; Brookfield, Vt., USA :
Ashgate Pub. Co., c1996.
SUBJECT: Social service--Great Britain--Evaluation.

HV40.8 Class number for social workers,

by region or country, A-Z
.G7 Cutter for Great Britain from the
Regions and Countries Table
S53 Book number for main entry,
Shaw
1996 Year of publication
----------------------------------
HV40.8.G7 S53 1996 Completed call number
Internal tables
Only applicable to a specific span of
numbers
Found within the schedule
Applied with the caption Under each
Often used with an external table
Used to subarrange by form,
geography, or specific entry
13
 Internal table example
HD INDUSTRIES. LAND USE. LABOR
Special industries and trades
Mechanical industries
Electric utilities. Electrification
HD9685.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
HD9685.A2 General works
HD9685.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z
Under each (except the United States):
.x Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.x2 General works. History
Including biography, A-Z
.x3A-.x3Z Local, A-Z
Do not use under regions
.x4A-.x4Z Firms, etc., A-Z
 Understanding .x, .x2, .x3A-.x3Z, .x4A-.x4Z

HD9685.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z

Under each (except the United States):

.x = HD9685.G7 .x Periodicals. Societies.

Serials
HD9685.G7 G74a .x2 General
Great Britain. works. of
Office History
Electricity Regulation. Annual A-Z
Including biography,
.x3A-.x3Z report.
Local, A-Z
Do not use under regions
.x4A-.x4Z Firms, etc., A-Z
 Understanding .x, .x2, .x3A-.x3Z, .x4A-.x4Z

HD9685.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z

Under each (except the United States):
.x Periodicals. Societies. Serials

.x = HD9685.G7 + 2 .x2 General works. History

Including biography, A-Z
.x3A-.x3Z
HD9685.G72 H69 2003 Howe, Local, A-Z
Douglas. Electricity
distribution
Do notinuse
theunder
United
regions
Kingdom,
.x4A-.x4Z 2003.
Firms, etc., A-Z
 Understanding .x, .x2, .x3A-.x3Z, .x4A-.x4Z
HD9685.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z
Under each (except the United States):
.x Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.x2 General works. History
Including biography, A-Z

.x = HD9685.G7 + 3 .x3A-.x3Z Local, A-Z

Do not use under
regions
HD9685.G73 B384 1974 Eyles, Firms,
.x4A-.x4Z William
etc.,Edward.
A-Z
Electricity in Bath, 1890-1974,
1974.
 Understanding .x, .x2, .x3A-.x3Z, .x4A-.x4Z

HD9685.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z

Under each (except the United States):
.x Periodicals. Societies. Serials
HD9685.G74 B754 2006 Great Britain. National Audit
.x2 General
Office. works. History of British
The restructuring
Energy : report bybiography,
Including the A-Z
Comptroller
.x3A-.x3Z and Auditor General,
Local, A-Z
[2006] Do not use under regions
HD9685.G7 + 4 .x4A-.x4Z Firms, etc., A-Z
External tables
Found at the end of the schedule before the
index
Only applicable to a specific span of numbers
Applied when the caption is followed by a
specific table number
Example: Greek (Table H48)
Used to extend classification by geography,
form, time period, or subject

19
Identifying an external table in the
H Schedule
HS SOCIETIES: SECRET, BENEVOLENT, ETC.
Other societies. By classes
Race societies
By nationality
Southeastern Europe
HS2051-2055 Albanian (Table H48)
HS2061-2065 Greek (Table H48)
HS2071-2075 Romanian (Table H48)

20
 Examples of external tables used
in Schedule H
Table H11 Table for statistics, by country (19 nos.)
Table H15 Table for economic history and
conditions, by country (10 nos.)
Table H18 Table for industries and trades
(19 nos.)
Table H24 Table for statistics (U.S. states)
(7 nos.)
Table H35 Table for income taxes by country
(except the United States)
(3 nos.)
21
 External tables:
geographic divisions
Most common external table in Class H
Typographically complex
Subject subdivision under places are
often represented by additional internal
tables
Applied with caption heading (Table #)
Example: HA4559 Lebanon (Table H14)

22
 External tables:
geographic divisions
H5 Tables of Geographical Divisions
1 America. Western Hemisphere
North America
2 General Works
3-6 United States
7-10 Canada
10.25 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Islands
Latin American
10.5 General Works
11 Mexico
Central America
13 General Works
23
Steps in applying an external table
for geographic divisions
1. Determine the appropriate class number in
the H Schedule
2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the geographical area
3. Add the geographic number selected from
the table to the base number identified in the
schedule
4. If an additional internal subject subdivision
table is present, apply the provisions of that
table to the number identified
 Applying an external table for
geographic divisions: example
Title:
The myth of market failure : employment and
the labor market in Mexico / Peter Gregory.

Publication data:
Baltimore : John Hopkins University Press,
c1986.

SUBJECT:
Labor supply--Mexico.
25
1. Determine the appropriate class
number in the H Schedule

HD Industries. Land Use. Labor

Labor. Work. Working class
Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
By region or country
HD5730-5850.9 Other regions or countries (Table H5)
Add country number in table to HD5720
Under each:
Apply Table HD5730/1 for 4 number countries
Apply Table HD5730/2 for 1 number countries
Apply Table HD5730/2a for 4 number regions
Apply Table HD5730/3 for 1 number regions
Gregory, P. The myth of market failure, c1986.
Labor supply--Mexico.
 2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the geographical area

H5 Tables of Geographical Divisions

1 America. Western Hemisphere
North America
2 General Works
3-6 United States
7-10 Canada
10.25 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Islands
Latin American
10.5 General Works Gregory, P. The myth of
11 Mexico market failure, c1986.
Central America Labor supply--Mexico.
13 General Works
 3. Add the geographic number selected from the
table to the base number identified in the
schedule

HD Industries. Land Use. Labor

Labor. Work. Working class
Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
By region or country
HD5730-5850.9 Other regions or countries (Table H5)
Add country number in table to HD5720
Under each: (Mexico = 11) +11

Apply Table HD5730/1 for 4 number countries

Apply Table HD5730/2 for 1 number countries
Gregory, P. The myth of Apply Table HD5730/2a for 4 number regions
market failure, c1986. Apply Table HD5730/3 for 1 number regions
Labor supply--Mexico.
4. If an additional internal subject subdivision table
is present, apply the provisions of that table to the
number identified

HD Industries. Land Use. Labor

Labor. Work. Working class
Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
By region or country
HD5730-5850.9 Other regions or countries (Table H5)
Add country number in table to HD5720
Under each:
Apply Table HD5730/2 for 1 number countries
Table for labor market, by country (1 number)
.A1-.A5 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.A6 General works
Gregory, P. The myth of .A7-.Z Local, A-Z
market failure, c1986.
Labor supply--Mexico.
 Gregory, P. The myth of market failure, c1986.
Labor supply--Mexico.

HD5720 Class number for labor supply

+11 For Mexico from Table H5.

Added to class number

HD5731.A6 For a general work from Table
HD5730/2
G74 Book number for main entry
Gregory, Peter
1986 Year of publication
-------------------------------
HD5731.A6 G74 1986 Completed call number 30
External tables: subdivisions
for industries and trades
Applied to headings for Industries and
Trades
Tables represent both form and
geographic subdivisions
These tables often contain
subarrangements

31
 External tables: subdivisions for
industries and trades

H20 Table for industries and trades (1 no.)

.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.A2 General works
.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z
Subarrange each country as follows:
.x = Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.x2 = General works. History (Including
biography, A-Z)
.x3A-Z = Local, A-Z
.x4A-Z = Firms, etc., A-Z 32
Steps in applying an external table for
subdivisions for industries and trades

1. Determine the appropriate class number in

the H Schedule
2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the industry or trade
3. Apply the provisions of the table to the
appropriate class number

33
 Applying an external table for subdivisions of
industries and trades: example

Title:
Rising above the herd : an analysis of the
Western Australian beef & cattle industry /
[Andrew Quin, Ashley Manners].

Publication data:
South Perth : Agriculture Western Australia,
Meat Program (Economics)/New Industries
Program, c2000.

SUBJECT:
Beef industry--Australia--Western Australia. 34
1. Determine the appropriate class number in
the H Schedule
HD INDUSTRIES. LAND USE. LABOR
Special industries and trades
Agricultural industries
Animal industry
HD9430 Camelids (Table H20)
Including alpacas, llamas, vicunas, etc.
HD9433 Cattle. Beef. Veal. Oxen (Table H20)
HD9434 Horses. Mules, etc. (Table H20)
HD9435 Hogs. Pork. Bacon. Ham (Table H20)

Quin, Andrew. Rising above the herd, c2000.

Beef industry--Australia--Western Australia.
2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the industry or trade

H20 Table for industries and trades (1 no.)

.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.A2 General works
.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z
Subarrange each country as follows:
.x = Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.x2 = General works. History (Including
biography, A-Z)
.x3A-Z = Local, A-Z
.x4A-Z = Firms, etc., A-Z

Quin, Andrew. Rising above the herd, c2000.

Beef industry--Australia--Western Australia.
3. Apply the provisions of the table to the
appropriate class number
H20 Table for industries and trades (1 no.)
.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.A2 General works
.A4-Z By region or country, A-Z
Subarrange each country as follows:
.x = Periodicals. Societies. Serials
.x2 = General works. History (Including
biography, A-Z)
.x3A-Z = Local, A-Z
.x4A-Z = Firms, etc., A-Z

Quin, Andrew. Rising above the herd, c2000.

Beef industry--Australia--Western Australia.
 Quin, Andrew. Rising above the herd, c2000.
Beef industry--Australia--Western Australia.

HD9433 Class number for cattle industry

.A8 Cutter for Australia from
Regions and Countries Table
.A8 + 3 3
added as instructed in Table H20
to represent Local, A-Z
W46 Second Cutter for Western
Australia
W46 + 5 5 added to second Cutter to
represent main entry for work
(Quin)
2000 Year of publication
-------------------------------------
HD9433.A83 W465 2000 Completed call number
 External tables:
economic history and conditions
Tables of subdivisions under regions or
countries (i.e. main numbers represent
geographic areas)
The tables provide form and topical
subdivisions
Used in subclass HC Economic history
and conditions

39
 External tables: economic history
and conditions
H17a Table for economic history and conditions, by region
(1 no.)

.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials.

.A5-.Z6 General works
.Z65 Natural resources
.Z9A-.Z9Z Specific topics (not elsewhere provided for), A-Z
For list of topics, see HC79.A-Z

40
Steps in applying an external table for
economic history and conditions

1. Determine the appropriate class number in

the H Schedule
2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the table
3. Apply the provisions of the table to the
appropriate class number

41
 Applying an external table for economic
history and conditions: example

Title:
Environment under fire : imperialism and the
ecological crisis in Central America / Daniel
Faber.

Publication data:
New York : Monthly Review Press, 1993.

SUBJECTS:
Environmental policy--Central America.
Central America--Economic conditions--1979-
42
1. Determine the appropriate class number in
the H Schedule

HC ECONOMIC HISTORY AND CONDITIONS

By region or country
American. Western Hemisphere
Latin America
HC131-140 Mexico (Table H15)
Central America
HC141 General (Table 17a)
HC142 Belize (Table H17)
HC143 Costa Rica (Table H17)
HC144 Guatemala (Table H17)
Faber, Daniel. Environment under fire, 1993.
Environmental policy--Central America.
Central America--Economic conditions--1979-
 2. Go to the table as instructed by the caption
heading and identify the number or range of
numbers for the table

H17a Table for economic history and conditions, by region

(1 no.)
.A1 Periodicals. Societies. Serials.
.A5-.Z6 General works
.Z65 Natural resources
.Z9A-.Z9Z Specific topics (not elsewhere provided for), A-Z
For list of topics, see HC79.A-Z

Faber, Daniel. Environment under fire, 1993.

Environmental policy--Central America.
Central America--Economic conditions--1979-
 3. Apply the provisions of the table to the
appropriate class number
HC ECONOMIC HISTORY AND CONDITIONS
--------
HC79.E44 Economic development projects
Cf. HD75.8+ Theory and methodology
Economic geography see HF1021+
HC79.E47 Education, Economic impact of
Cf. HD75.7 Economic growth
HC79.E5 Environmental policy and economic
development. Sustainable development
Including environmental economics
Cf. HC79.P55 Pollution
Cf. HD75.6 Theory and methodology
Cf. TD195.E25 Environmental technology
--------
 Faber, Daniel. Environment under fire, 1993.
Environmental policy--Central America.
Central America--Economic conditions--1979-

HC141 Class number for Economic

history and conditions of Central
America
.Z9 Cutter for specific topics as
directed by Table H17a
E5 Cutter for
Environmental policy and
economic development from list of
topics at HC79.A-Z E5 + 4 4 added to
second Cutter to represent main
entry for work (Faber)
1993 Year of publication
----------------------------------
HC141.Z9 E54 1993 Completed call number
Summary
When working in Schedule H,
remember that there are three types of
tables that may need to be consulted:
Tables of general application
Internal tables
External tables
Often more than one table will need to
be consulted when classing a work
47
Exercises

48
Schedule N: Fine Arts

Session 11
Schedule N: history
The first edition of the N schedule was
published in 1910

The latest edition was published in

1996

2
Subclasses of Class N: Fine arts
N Visual arts
NA Architecture
NB Sculpture
NC Drawing, Design, Illustration
ND Painting
NE Print media
NK Decorative arts
NX Arts in general
3
NX example
NX512.H64 D86 2001
Geoffrey Holder : a life in theater, dance,
and art. c2001.

SUBJECTS:
Holder, Geoffrey, 1930-
Artists--United States--Biography.

5
When to use Class N?
Works may fit into more than one category

A work on photoengraving could be classed

in subclass NE, Engraving or Subclass TR,
Photography

A work on aesthetics could be classed in N,

Visual arts, or NX, Arts in general, or BH,
Aesthetics
6
When to use Class N (2)
Follow instructions in the schedules if
given

Example: Where to classify a work on

alphabets?

7
When to use Class N (3)
When to use Class N (4)
When to use Class N (5)
Search for similar works that have
already been cataloged

Searches could be done on keywords,

subject headings, etc.

10
When to use Class N (6)
Class N includes an extensive index
The index does not refer to external
schedules, but can help resolve
placement problems within N
Flowers
Arts in general: NX650.F7
Etching and aquatint: NE2147
Flowers in art: N7680
Decoration or design: NK1560+
Drawing: NC815
Illumination: ND3340
Painting: ND1400+
Order of precedence
When art materials, especially
reproductions of works of art, can be
classed in several numbers, an order of
precedence is used

If the order of precedence is

contradicted by instructions in the
schedules, the instructions are followed
12
Order of precedence (2)
Individual artists under the country number

Genre by nationality or period (e.g., Italian

sculpture, Medieval caricature)

Genre (General) (e.g., Sculpture)

Special topics (e.g., Roses in art)

13
Order of precedence (3)
Example: A collection of the paintings of
one artist all on the theme of roses is
classed with the individual artist.

Example: A collection of paintings by

Italian artists using roses as a theme is
classed with Italian painting.

14
Individual artists
Works by or about an artist are classed
in the class of persons representing the
medium in which the artist is best
known

15
 Individual artists (2)
Eero Saarinen : shaping the future

SUBJECT:
Saarinen, Eero, 1910-1961--Exhibitions.

NA (Architecture)
737 (United States, Special artists, A-Z)
.S28 (Saarinen)
A4 (Exhibitions)
2006
16
Individual artists (3)
Often an artist works in more than one
medium!
So a work dealing with the artists
productions in one of those media is
classed with that medium
General works about the artist may be
classed in subclass N, under individual
artists by nationality
17
Individual artists (4)
Picasso / Henry Gidel.
SUBJECTS:
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973.
Artists--France--Biography.

N (Visual arts)
6853 (France, Artists, A-Z)
.P5 (Picasso)
G54 (Gidel)
2002 18
Individual artists (5)
Lhomme au mouton, Picasso...
SUBJECT:
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973. Man with a lamb--
Exhibitions.
NB (Sculpture)
553(France, Special artists, A-Z)
.P45 (Picasso)
A68 (Man with a lamb)
1999
19
Individual artists (6)
Le carnet de la Californie : dessins...
SUBJECT:
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973--Notebooks,
sketchbooks, etc.
NC (Drawing, Design, Illustration)
248 (France, Artists A-Z)
.P5 (Picasso)
A4 (Reproductions, by date)
1999
20
 Individual artists (7)
Picassos brothel : les demoiselles dAvignon /
Wayne Anderson.
SUBJECT:
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973. Demoiselles
dAvignon.
ND (Painting)
553 (France, Artists, A-Z)
.P5 (Picasso)
A635 (Individual works, alphabetically and date)
2002 21
Individual artists (8)
Picasso photographe... / Anne Baldassari.

SUBJECTS:
Photography, Artistic--Exhibitions.
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973--Exhibitions.
TR (Photography)
647 (Artistic photography, Photographer A-Z)
.P5 (Picasso)
1994
22
Working with tables
An important feature of Class N is its
tables

Tables N1-N7 and N9-N14 are at the

end of the schedule

Note that there is no Table N8

23
Working with tables (2)
In addition to the tables at the end of
the text, there are also tables
embedded within the text

The use of the tables of general

application differs somewhat in Class N

24
 Working with tables (3)
Example 1:
The anime encyclopedia : a guide to Japanese animation
since 1917 / Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy, 2001.

SUBJECT:
Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.

NC
1766
.J3
C53
2001
 Working with tables (4)
(NC) Animated films

1765 General works

1766.A-.Z By country, A-Z
Under each country
.x General works
.x2A-.x2Z Special artists A-Z
.x3A-.x3Z Special works. By title, A-Z

The anime encyclopedia

Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.
 Working with tables (5)
We now have our base number:

NC The anime encyclopedia

Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.
1766

Our next step is to determine the Cutter

number for Japan from the table of
Cutter numbers for countries, G 300.
27
 Working with tables (6)
Regions and Countries Table G 300

Israel ..... I75

Italy ....... I8
Ivory Coast, see Cte dIvoire
Jamaica . J25
Japan ..... J3
Java see Indonesia
Jerusalem J4
28
Working with tables (7)
We can now add the first Cutter number
for Japan:

NC
1766
.J3 The anime encyclopedia
Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.

29
 Working with tables (8)

Our second Cutter number will be based on

the internal table under NC1766.

In this case we have a general work.

The anime encyclopedia

Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.
 Working with tables (9)
The .x next to General works refers to the
Cutter number for Japan.

How would .x2A-.x2Z be applied?

The anime art of Hayao Miyazaki / by Dani Cavallaro, 2006.
SUBJECTS:
Miyazaki, Hayao--Criticism and interpretation.

NC1766.J32 M593 2006

Working with tables (10)
Since we do not have to add anything to the Cutter
number for Japan, we can Cutter for the Main
entry, Clements, and add the date to complete the
call number:

NC
1766
.J3
C53 The anime encyclopedia

2001 Animated films--Japan--Encyclopedias.

32
 Working with tables (11)
Example 2:

Paul Andreu, architect / Philip Jodidio, 2004.

SUBJECTS:
Andreu, Paul.
Architecture--France--20th century.

NA
1053
.A49
J64
2004
 Working with tables (12)
NA Architecture

EuropeSpecial CountriesFrance
...
1053.A-.Z Special architects, A-Z
Subarrange by Table N6
Paul Andreu, architect.
Andreu, Paul.
Architecture--France--20th century.
34
Working with tables (13)
We now have our base number. The next step is
to Cutter for the name of the architect,
Andreu. Paul Andreu, architect.
Andreu, Paul.
Architecture--France--20th century.
NA
1053 (Architects, A-Z)
.A49 (Andreu)

The next step is to subarrange using Table N6.

35
Working with tables (14)
Table N6: Table of Cutters for Artists (First Cutter)

.xA2 Autobiography. By date

.xA3 Letters. By date
.xA35 Speeches, essays, interviews, etc. by date
.xA4 Reproductions (Collections). By date
Including exhibition catalogs
.xA6-.xA79 Individual works of art. Alphabetically by
title of work of art and date
.xA8-.xZ Biography and criticism
36
Working with tables (15)
Our work belongs in the subarrangement for
biography and criticism .xA8-.xZ.

NA Paul Andreu, architect.

Andreu, Paul.
1053 Architecture--France--20th century.

.A49
J64 (Cutter for the main entry, Jodidio)
2004
37
 Working with tables (16)
Example 3:
Painting a people : Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish art / Ezra
Mendelsohn, 2002.

SUBJECTS:
Gottlieb, Maurycy, 1856-1879--Criticism and
interpretation.
Art, Jewish--Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)

ND
955
.P63
G6636
2002
 Working with tables (17)
ND Painting
HistorySpecial countriesPoland

955.P63 Special artists, A-Z

Subarrange by Table N7 at the end of the
schedule

Painting a people : Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish art...

Gottlieb, Maurycy, 1856-1879--Criticism and interpretation.
Art, Jewish--Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)

39
 Working with tables (18)
We now have our base number and the first
Cutter number.
Painting a people : Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish art...
ND Gottlieb, Maurycy, 1856-1879--Criticism and interpretation.
Art, Jewish--Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)
955
.P63 (Poland, special artists A-Z)

We next need to Cutter for the artist and use

table N7 to subarrange.
40
 Working with tables (19)
Table N7: Table of Cutters for Artists (Second
Cutter)

x Autobiography, letters, speeches, essays,

interviews, etc. By date
x2 Reproductions. By date
Including collections, individual works of art,
exhibition catalogs
x3-x39 Biography and criticism.
Alphabetically by author
41
Working with tables (20)
We are now ready to supply the second Cutter and
complete the call number.

Painting a people : Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish art / Ezra

Mendelsohn, 2002.
ND Gottlieb, Maurycy, 1856-1879--Criticism and interpretation.
Art, Jewish--Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)
955
.P63
G6636 (G66=Gottlieb, 36=expansion for Mendelsohn)
2002

42
 Working with tables (21)
Example 4:
California pottery : from missions to Modernism / by Bill
Stern ; photographs by Peter Brenner, 2001.

SUBJECTS:
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.

NK
4025
.C2
S74
2001
 Working with tables (22)
NK Decorative Arts, Applied Arts, Decoration and
Ornament
...
4001-4185 Special countries
Subarrange by Table N2 at the
end of the text
Add country number in table to
NK4000

California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
 Working with tables (23)
Table N2: Table of Regions and Countries (200 Numbers)

United States
05 General works
06 Colonial period; 18th (and early 19th) century
...
25.A-.W States, A-W
Each state may be subarranged:
.x General works
.x2A-.x2Z Local (other than
cities), A-Z
27.A-Z Cities, A-Z
 Working with tables (24)
We first need to construct the base number.
Since our book deals with pottery from
California we want the number 25 from
Table N2 for American states A-Z.
The instructions in the schedule say to add
this number to NK4000
California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
46
Working with tables (25)
We now have our base number:

NK
4025

California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
47
 Working with tables (26)
The next step is to Cutter for the state,
California.
Since there is no provision for Cuttering for
states in the table, we need to consult the
table of general application, G 302.

California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
48
Working with tables (27)
G 302 American States and Canadian Provinces

Alabama.................. A2
Alaska..................... A4
Arizona.................... A6
Arkansas................. A8
California................. C2
...

49
Working with tables (28)
We now have our first Cutter number:

NK
4025
.C2
California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.

50
 Working with tables (29)
We next need to subarrange according to
the table under the number 25 in Table
N2:

.x General works
.x2A-x2Z Local (other than cities), A-Z
California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
51
 Working with tables (30)
We have a general work, so we do not need to expand the
Cutter for California.

The second Cutter then is for the main entry, Stern.

NK
4025
.C2 (California, general works)
S74 (Stern)
2001 California pottery
Pottery, American--California--Catalogs.
Pottery, American--California--20th century--Catalogs.
52
Summary
Not all numbers in Class N are as difficult as
these examples
If you have to use multiple tables, just
proceed step-by-step according to
instructions
Dont forget the tables of general application
Remember the order of precedence used in
Class N

53
Exercises

54
Local Policy Decisions

Session 12

1
About local decisions
Consider user needs
Consider the benefits of following
standards rather than local practice
Local deviations from standard
practices cost time and money
Be sure to document your decisions!

2
Libraries have options
(if they have the resources)
Choice of classification number
Classify or not?
LC classification vs. local number
Alternative LC class numbers
Shelflisting decisions
Work marks
Editing book numbers
Additions to call numbers
3
Classification options
To classify or not to classify?
LC or local scheme?
Alternative call numbers form or
subject?
Childrens materials
Series (serial or multipart) classed
separately or together?
Case-by-case deviations
4
To classify or not to classify
If a resource is not integrated with the print
collection, it may not be classified at all
Remote access electronic resources are often
given a generic call number such as Online
Access or Internet
Special formats are often shelved separately and
may be assigned accession numbers, e.g.
microforms, videos, CDs & CD-ROMs
Space planning is facilitated by use of sequential
numbering (e.g. microform, non-browsable print
collections)
5
Remote storage issues
Do materials being cataloged for storage
need to be classified?
Collections often not shelved by call number
Not browsable
Items in remote storage are included in
collection analyses, which may be done on
the basis of the class number
Collection analysis used in library accreditation

6
LC classification or local
scheme?
Non-print or special print collections are
sometimes assigned local classification
numbers because
LC schedules do not provide classification, e.g.
newspapers, feature films, sound recordings
Specialized collections need to expand certain
areas of LC classification, e.g., computer science,
QA76.76.O63
Donors, faculty, university, community or other
special interests mandate use of local arrangement

7
Example: botany of California
QK149 General works
<LC Classification>
QK149.2 Northern California
<LOCAL>
QK149.4 Southern California
<LOCAL>
QK149.6.A-Z By county or region, A-
<LOCAL> Z
8
Local extension of LCC
Wildflowers of Monterey County : a field
companion / photographs by David J.
Gubernick Carmel, Calif. : Carmel
Pub. Co. 2002
LC: QK149 .G83 2002

LOCAL: QK149.6.M8 G82 2002

9
Examples: Local university
departmental classifications
Supernovae / Albert Petschek, editor. New York :
Springer-Verlag, 1990.
LC: QB843 S95 S967 1990
LOCAL: 56 QB843 S95 S967 1990
Hyperbolic geometry / James W. Anderson. London :
Springer, c1999.
LC: QA685 .A54 1999
LOCAL: Geom An23h

10
 Subject bibliographies: Z or ?
LC classes all bibliographies in Z with the
exception of law and music
LC includes an alternative class number
Bibliography of astronomy.
050 00 $a Z5151 $b .S38 1982 $a QB43.2

Z5151 HIERARCHY: Subject bibliography

Astronomy General bibliography
QB43.2 HIERARCHY: Astronomy General
works, treatises & advanced textbooks 1970-
2000
11
 Z or ?
Considerations for making this decision include:
Physical separation of materials:

different browsing areas

different buildings
Will the materials circulate or not?
Additional shelflisting:
alternative numbers dont include a Cutter number
libraries choosing subject over form commit
cataloging staff to add them
12
 Subject atlases: G or ?
LC classes all atlases in G
Locally, should subject atlases be classed by form in
G, or with the subject they illustrate?
LC does not provide alternative numbers for atlases
Considerations for making this decision include:
Physical location of materials will classing these
materials with their form cause an onerous physical
separation from subject materials?
Will the materials circulate or not?
Because atlases usually dont have an alternate
number, libraries choosing subject over form commit
cataloging staff to provide call numbers 13
 G or ? (Example 1)
Atlas of world art
LC call number: G1046.E1 O9 2004
HIERARCHY: Atlases World atlases Atlases
of the Earth By subject Other subject
atlases Human & cultural geography.
Anthropogeography. Human ecology General
Possible alternate: N5300 .A85 2004
HIERARCHY: Visual arts History General
works
14
 G or ? (Example 2)
Atlas of the North American Indian
LC call number: G1106.E1 W3 2000

HIERARCHY: Atlases By region or country

America. Western Hemisphere North America
By subject Human & cultural geography.
Anthropogeography. Human ecology General
Possible alternate: E77 .W2 2000
HIERARCHY: America Indians of North
America General works Comprehensive
works
15
Childrens materials in PZ
For childrens materials, libraries may decide
to:
Class in Dewey: to familiarize students in teacher
education programs with the classification scheme
used in most school libraries
Reclassify to non-juvenile in order to collocate
juvenile and adult belle-lettres, e.g. Lemony
Snicket to Daniel Handlers number

16
Local reclassification to PZ
The Underground Railroad for kids /
Mary Kay Carson.
Primary Subject Heading:
Underground Railroad--Juvenile literature
LC: E450 .C45 2005
LOCAL: PZ9.C37 U5 2005
Classes all juvenile history materials together
BUT uses an obsolete number and extension
developed and used locally

17
 Series: class together or
separately?
Libraries may also choose to classify series
together or separately
050 00 $a QA3 $b .L28 no. 1835 $a QA243
Geometric methods in the algebraic theory of
quadratic forms
SERIES: Lecture notes in mathematics (Springer-Verlag) ;
1835 [before LC policy change]
050 00 $a QA913 $b .M385 2006
Mathematical foundation of turbulent viscous flows

SERIES: Lecture notes in mathematics (Springer-Verlag) ;
1871 [following LC policy change]
18
Series: class together or
separately? (2)
Considerations include:
Broad or narrow subject focus for the

entire series
Availability of cataloging copy

Are your catalogers comfortable with

specialized subject areas of the

series?
19
Series: class together or
separately? (3)
Additional considerations include:
Local usage has a role in the decision

Do users search by series?

Is the entire series collected?

Different policy for multipart items?

Complete works of Charles Dickens
[multipart] vs.
The Dickens bibliographies [series]

20
Case-by-case deviations
Classing a serial special issue as an
individual monograph
Broad classification for materials receiving
minimal-level cataloging
Classing to place rather than specific topic
when the topic has no arrangement for place
E.g., Special collection in Southeast Asia classes
to Indonesia rather than to a more specific topic

21
Shelflisting decisions
Copy cataloging decisions
Work marks & other additions to call
numbers
Supplements to serials
Serial title changes
Obsolete call numbers
Shared cataloging issues
22
Copy cataloging decisions
Accept call number as is without
checking, or,
Verify that the call number fits the local
shelflist, sliding Cutter if necessary, or,
Accept call number as is but apply
local additions where appropriate

23
Additions to call numbers
Adding an x to the Cutter number or date
Distinguishes call numbers assigned locally from those
assigned by LC or another library
Shelflisting of call numbers from LC copy can be
bypassed
Prevents duplicate call numbers
Downside: lack of collocation; split files
Editions not kept together
Works of and about authors and artists not kept together
Difficulty inserting new numbers if there is no consistent
order

24
More additions to call
numbers
Oversize designations placing items on special
shelving nearby
Media labels to highlight the carrier (DVD, CD,
VHS)
Compensating for inadequacies in the OPAC
profile or software
Sub-collections not in the librarys OPAC

profile
Special circulation conditions (Non-

Circulating)
25
Additions to call numbers:
Examples (1)

26
Additions to call numbers:
Examples (2)

27
Serial supplements decisions
Include supplements as part of the
parent serial, adding Suppl. (or other
designation) to the volume numbering
Use the serial call number but slide
the Cutter, e.g., by adding a 2
Completely separate the supplement
from the main title

28
Serial title change
Changes in coverage or classification may
require a new class number

TITLE: Report on the global HIV/AIDS

epidemic.
CALL NUMBER: RA644.A25 R47
NOTE: Ceased in 2002.
CONTINUED BY: Report on the global AIDS
epidemic.
29
Serial title change (2)
Serial title change (3)
Title change to: Report on the global AIDS epidemic
Use old or new class number for the new title?
Local decisions:
Class new title under the current number; old title

is not reclassed (old and new titles are separated

on the shelf)
Use the obsolete classification for the new title

(volumes are kept together under the obsolete

number on the shelf)
Class the new title under the current number &

reclass the old volumes

31
Obsolete class numbers
Revisions to the class schedules may mean
later editions end up with a different call number
Libraries may choose to collect earlier editions and
reclass them in the new number
Staff and resources dictate whether this is feasible
Revisions to the class schedules may result in
obsolete call numbers
Reclass materials or not?
Available resources are key to the decision
Accept obsolete numbers in copy or update them?

32
Shared cataloging: consortia
Consortial rules may require all member
libraries to use the same call number
Member libraries have unique user
populations, which may require different
classification decisions (e.g., classing
bibliographies in Z vs. the subject)
Standardization facilitates processing and
inventory control

33
Shared cataloging: OCLC
OCLC members are expected to follow
national standards when applying LC
classification
Local modifications issues:
Double entry (QK149 on OCLC; QK149.6
in local system)
Confusion about what is local vs. what is
national (local extensions added in error to
national records; series classification)
34
Local policy decisions:
Summary
Balance differing, contending, and changing
user needs and user populations
Balance user needs and workflow efficiency
Consider the cost/benefit of local
modifications
Political issues: decisions that are out of your
hands
Document your decisions!

35
SACO:
Subject Authority Cooperative
Program

Session 13
What is SACO?
A component of the Program for Cooperative
Cataloging (PCC)
A means for libraries to propose:
new Library of Congress Subject Headings
new Library of Congress Classification numbers
changes to existing Library of Congress Subject
Headings
changes to existing Library of Congress
Classification numbers
2
SACO membership
Institutions that participate in other PCC
programs are automatically considered
SACO members
Non-PCC libraries and NACO Funnel
participants can submit SACO
membership applications

3
SACO membership
No formal training is required
Participants do not gain independent
status; all proposals are reviewed at LC
(and may be approved or not)

4
Overview of SACO process
for LC Classification proposals
Cataloger recognizes need for new LC
Classification number and prepares the
proposal
Cataloger submits the proposal online
to Classification Web

5
Overview of SACO process
for LC Classification proposals
Cataloger notifies LCs Cooperative
Cataloging Team that a proposal has been
submitted and is ready for review
Proposal is further reviewed by the
Cataloging Policy and Support Office (CPSO)
and placed on a Tentative Weekly List:

http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/saco/
ClassTentative/twlc.html
6
Overview of SACO process
for LC Classification proposals
Overview of SACO process
for LC Classification proposals
Proposal undergoes final review at the
CPSO Weekly Editorial Meeting

8
Overview of SACO process
for LC Classification proposals
Approved LC Classification proposals
are:
Posted to the Weekly Lists of new and
changed LC Classification numbers on the
LC/ABA web page:
http://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/classification/
weeklylists/
Included in the printed LC Classification
schedules and in Classification Web
9
Requirements for participation
Familiarity with the principles of LC
Classification
Knowledge of the procedures and
guidelines in SCM : F (Classification)
Access to LC Classification schedules
In print copy
Via Classification Web

10
Resources
SACO home page:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/saco/saco.html
Guidelines for completing the LC
Classification form
Tentative and Approved Weekly Lists of LC
Classification proposals
Summary of Decisions from the Weekly
Editorial Meeting

11
Resources
SACO Participants Manual, 2nd ed.
Available on Catalogers Desktop, and
As a PDF file on the SACO home page
SCM F 50 Classification Proposals

12
Why submit an LC
Classification proposal?
LC Classification was developed for
LCs collections
The world of knowledge keeps growing!

Other libraries collections and

acquisition policies may differ from LCs

13
Why submit an LC
Classification proposal?
Cooperative cataloging efforts are
expanding
Terminology within a discipline changes
over time

14
When to submit an LC
Classification proposal
For a new classification number
When the rules of specificity in
classification may not be applied by using
a broader number
To change an existing number
When terminology or a name change calls
for classification modifications

15
Examples: LC Classification numbers
proposed by SACO participants
B738.H3
Philosophy (General)--Medieval (430-1450)--
Special topics--Other special topics, A-Z--
Happiness

PR739.D42
English literature--History of English
literature--Drama--By period--20th century--
Special topics, A-Z--Death
16
Examples: LC Classification numbers
proposed by SACO participants
GV1469.62.A24
Recreation. Leisure--Games and
amusements--Indoor games and
amusements--Fantasy games--
Individual games, A-Z--Aberrant (Game)

17
 Examples: LC Classification numbers
proposed by SACO participants
PL8598.O32-.O3295
Languages of Eastern Asia, Africa,
Oceania--African languages and
literature--Special languages
(alphabetically)--O-Oz

PL8598.O32-.O3295 Ogba Table P-PZ16

18
Examples: LC Classification numbers
proposed by SACO participants
P96.R46-.R462
Philology. Linguistics--Communication. Mass
media--Special aspects--Other, A-Z--
Reproductive health

P96.R46 General works

P96.R462A-.R462Z By region or
country, A-Z

19
Sample LC Classification
proposal

Work being cataloged:

Portraiture now
2006

20
 Sample LC Classification
proposal
Description

Portraiture now is an exhibition catalog of the first

installation in the National Portrait Gallerys new
exhibition series called Portraiture Now, held July
1, 2006-January 7, 2007

SUBJECT: Portraits, American--21st century--Exhibitions.

21
 Sample LC Classification
proposal

Visual arts--Special subjects of art--

Portraits--General works

N7575 General works

N7580-7591 Ancient
N7592-7615.9 Medieval and
modern
 Sample LC Classification
proposal
Visual arts--Special subjects of art--
Portraits
--Medieval and modern--General works

N7592 General works

N7592.2-.6 By period
N7592.8-7615.9 By country
 Sample LC Classification
proposal
Visual arts--Special subjects of art--
Portraits
--Medieval and modern--By country--
America
--United States

N7593-7593.9 United States

 Sample LC Classification proposal

Visual arts--Special subjects of art--

Portraits--Medieval and modern--By
country--America--United States
United States
N7593 General works
N7593.1 17th-18th centuries
N7593.2 19th century
N7593.3 20th century
N7593.5 New England
N7596.6 South
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
 Sample LC Classification
proposal

http://classificationweb.net/Menu
/proposal.html

28
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Sample LC Classification
proposal
Exercise