MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

SYSTEM
BY GROUP – I
 DEVELOPMENT OF
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT OF long
range plans
Development of Long-range plans
Long term plans are necessary for
success of implementation MIS.
Originally computers are just used for
computing and accounting, not for
managing “information” as resource.
Computers now are used as tool for
information processing and storing large
database or knowledge base.
MIS should be flexible enough to deal
with the changing information needs of
business management.
•MIS should be conceived as an open
system continuously interacting with
the business environment with a built
in mechanism to provide the desired
information as per the new requirements
of management.
•The plan of MIS should be consistent to
the business plan of organization.
•The business plan should be strategic, or
otherwise states the information needs.
•The plan of development of the MIS is
linked with the steps of the
implementation in a business
development plan.
•
•The system of Information generation is
so planned that strategic information
is provided for the strategic planning,
control information is provided for
short term planning and execution.
•Once the management needs are translated
into information needs, it is left to
the designer to evolve a plan of MIS
development and implementation.
 Contents of MIS Plan
•MIS plan has to be linked to Business
plan.
•Strategy for the plan achievement.
•Development Strategy.
•System Development Strategy.
•Resources for system development.
•Manpower composition.
•The architecture of MIS.
–(Inputs, outputs, linkages, subsystems,
coupling and decoupling etc.)
•The system Development schedule.
•Hardware and software plan.
 Information System Development
•There are mainly two methods of application development :
»Experimental , prototyping
approach .
»Life cycle approach
•Prototyping Approach
–Evolutionary design method “ prototyping ” can be used
for development of information system application .
–A prototyping methodology is initiated by a user who
conceives of a problem or an opportunity to be
solved by an information system .
–Prototyping an application system basically a four
step process :
•STEP 1 : Identify the users basic information
requirement .
•STEP 2 : Develop an initial prototype system .
•STEP 3 : Use the prototype system to refine the
user ’ s requirements .
•STEP 4 : Revise and enhance the prototype
system .
–Advantages :
•Ability to try out ideas without incurring
large costs .
•Lower overall development costs .
 Prototype Application Development

Identify the basic information

Initial Prototype

Use prototype and refine requirements

Yes Is user /
Operational Designer Enhanced
Prototype Satisfied Prototype

No
Use prototype as
specifications for
application Working Prototype
Development

Revise and enhance prototype

Use Prototype as
Application
 Life Cycle Approach To Application
System Development
•Common method used.
•Well defined process by which an application is
conceived, developed and implemented.
•Phases in the system development cycle provide basis
for management and control.
•The information system development cycle for an
application contains three major stages:
»Definition Stage
»Development Stage
»Installation and Operation
 Definition Development
Proposal Definition :
Preparation of request for a
proposed application
Feasibility Assessment :
Evaluation of feasibility & cost benefit of
proposed application
Information requirements :
Determination of
information needed
Conceptual Design :

Stage
User oriented design
of application
Physical System Design :
Detailed design of flows and procedures in
application processing system & preparation of
program specifications
Physical Database Design :
Design of internal schema for data in database

Installation
or design of files

Stage
Program Development :
Coding and Testing of Computer
programmes
Procedure Development :
Design of procedures & preparation of user
instructions
Conversation :
Final System test and conversion

and Operatio
Operation and Maintenance :
Day to day operation , modification and
maintenance
Post Audit :
Evaluation of development process , application
system & results of use
 Implementation of the
Management Information System
•Implementation is a management process.
•In the process of implementation, the
system designer acts as a change agent or
a catalyst.
•User of the system has certain fear
complex, when cultural work change is
occurring, which is to be removed by the
developer.
•Another fear is the role played by the
person in the organization and how it
affects him.
•There are certain guidelines for the
systems designer for successful
implementation of the system. The system
designer should;
1. Not question beyond a limit the information need of
the user.
2. Not to forget that his role is to offer a service
and not to demand terms.
3. Remember that the system design is for the use of
the user and it is not the designer's prerogative to
dictate the design features. In short, the designer
should respect the demands of the user.
4. Not to mix up technical needs with the information
needs. He should try to develop suitable design with
appropriate technology to meet the information needs.
The designer should not recommend modifications of
the needs, unless technically infeasible.
5. Impress upon the user the global nature of the
system design which is required to meet the current
and prospective information need.
6. Not to challenge the application of the information
in decision making.
7. Impress upon the user that the quality of
information depends on the quality of input.
8. Impress upon the user that you are one of the users
in the organization and that the information is a
corporate resource and he is expected to contribute
to the development of the MIS.
9. Ensure that the user makes commitment to all the
requirements of the system design specifications.
Ensure that he appreciates that his commitments
contribute largely to the quality of the
information and successful implementation of the
system.
10. Ensure that the overall system effort has the
management's acceptance.
11. Enlist the user's participation from time to time,
so that he is emotionally involved in the process of
development.
12. Realize that through serving the user, he is his
best guide on the complex path of development.
13. Not to expect perfect understanding and knowledge
from the user as he may be the user of a non-
computerized system. Hence, the designer should be
prepared to change the system specifications or even
the design during the course of development.
14. Impress upon the user that the change, which is
easily possible in manual system, is not as easy in
the computer system as it calls for changes in the
programs at cost.
15. Impress upon the user that perfect information is
non-existent, his role therefore, still has an
importance in the organization.
16. Ensure that the other organization problems are
resolved first before the MIS is taken for
development.
17. Conduct a periodical user meetings on systems where
you get the opportunity to know the ongoing
difficulties of the users.
18. Train the user in computer appreciation and systems
analysis as his perception of the computerized
information system will fall short of the designer's
expectation.