CHE 110 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL AND

BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

 Chemical Industries and Chemical Engineering in Turkey.

 An Introduction to Chemical Engineering via the
flowsheets of operations and processes involved. Relevant
phenomena related to these operations and processes.
 Principles of material balance calculations of continuous
steady-state processes.
 Introduction to chemical engineering economics.
 Course Objectives

Give students:

 a flavor of chemical engineering discipline,

 an ability to formulate and solve material-
balance problems,to select set of independent
balance equations (degrees of freedom
analysis), and use spreadsheets (EXCEL) in
solving material balances.
Textbook:
David M. Himmelblau & James B. Riggs, Basic Principles
and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 7th Edition,
Prentice Hall, 2004
Parts 1 and 2, Chapters 1-12 ( pages 1 – 395 )
Lecture Hours:
Mon. 2 (KB433), Wed. 1,2 (KB433), Fri. 5,6,7
Office Hours: Mon. 11:00 – 12:30
 grading

 Exam I ......... 20% (Fri. April 2nd )

 Exam II ....... 20% (Fri. May 14 th)
 Final Exam ... 30%
 Homework .... 10%
 Quiz .............. 15%
 Attendance.... 5%
_____________________
Total: 100%
 Homework 1
1. Read Textbook, pages xxi – xxx
2. Examine ChE 110 web page
3. Read Description of Chemical Engineering at:
http://www.pafko.com/history/h_intro.html
What is Chemical Engineering ?
Engineering:
Is the Profession in which a knowledge of
the mathematical and natural sciences
gained by study, experience and practice
is applied with judgement to develop ways
to economically utilize the materials and
forces of nature for the progressive well
being of mankind.
Chemical Engineering:
Combines the principles of mathematics,
physics, chemistry and biology with
engineering practices in order to improve
the human environment.
Chemical engineering is based on
applications of chemistry, physics,
mathematics, economics, and
increasingly, biology and biochemistry.

Because of this broad-based foundation

.. the chemical engineer is
considered the universal engineer. ...
It is a Chemical World!

Life is based on the existence of a

very large number of chemical and
biochemical reactions that take place
continously.
Photosynthesis:
CO2 + H2O + (sunlight)  (CH2O)n + O2

Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 673 Kcal
A Chemical Engineer is a person who:

1. develops or designs a new process or

2. re-designs, improves, or troubleshoots a
process, in order to make or do
something as economically, safely, and
efficiently as possible.

A process is any operation (or group of operations) which

allow something to be accomplished.
A chemical engineering process is a process that takes one
material or bit of energy (or a combination) and makes
from it another material or bit of energy
(or combination).
(Natural
Resources)
Important responsibility in utilizing
scarce natural resources:

 Maintaining a clean environment

(air, water, earth)
 Providing for enough, clean energy (fossil fuels,
wind, sun, hydraulic, geothermal, biomass,
atomic, fuel cells...)
 Providing for enough, healthy food (animals,
vegetables)
 Avoiding depletion of essential elements (C,N,
O, P, K...) and minerals.
 10 Significant Achievements of
Chemical Engineering
1. Splitting the atom, isolating isotopes (medicine, biology,
archaelogy)
2. The plastic age (bakalite, polyethylene, polystyrene...)
3. Human reactor, analogy with complex chemical processes
4. Wonder drugs for the masses (low price, high volume)
5. Sythetic fibers (textiles industry)
6. Liquified air (nitrogen, oxygen, argon)
7. Environmental protection (catalytic converters, waste
treatment)
8. Food (fertilizers, biotechnology, food processing)
9. Petrochemicals (gasoline, plastics, rubber, synthetic
fibers...)
10. Synthetic rubber (tires, gaskets, hoses, conveyor belts,
shoes)
http://www.pafko.com/history/h_intro.html
 Most versatile of all engineers.
Very broad range of working areas:
 Production and utilization of energy
 Environmental protection
 Pulp and paper
 Advanced materials (catalysts, alloys, enzymes, nanomaterials...)
 Manufacture of chemicals (dyes, paints, fertilizers, acids....)
 Plastics and fibers manufacture
 Food Processing
 Rubber Industry
 Consulting
 Metallurgy
 Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals
 Cosmetics, perfumes and flavors
 Instrumentation Development and Marketing
 Manufacture of Medical Devices
 Government
 Patent Law
Chem. Eng.
Departments
in the USA
Where do the chemical engineers work?

 45% do ``traditional'' ChE: chemical,

petroleum, plastic, paper, consumer goods

 35% do ``new'' ChE: environment, consulting,

microelectronics, biotechnology, materials

 10% go to ChE graduate school

 10% go to other graduate school (law,

medicine, business)
 process other
oil
education
consultants
contract

water

pharmaceutical chemicals
food power
 Bachelor's
Engineering Profession Master's Degree Ph.D.
Degree

Aerospace $50,993 $62,930 $72529

Agricultural $46,172 $53,022
Biomedical $48,503 $59,667
Chemical $53,813 $57,260 $79,591
Civil $43,679 $48,050 $59,625
Wages comparison
2006 figures Computer $52,464 $60,354 $69,625
Electrical $51,888 $64,616 $80,206
Environmental $47,384
Industrial $49,567 $56,561 $85,000
Materials $50,982
Mechanical $50,236 $59,880 $68,229
Mining $48,643
Nuclear $51,182 $58,814
Petroleum $61,156 $58,000
 Extent of the
chemical process industries
Turkish chemical industry
 Subdivisions of the Turkish Chemical Industry

Subdivision Percentage Typical Products

Consume r Produc ts 12 pe rfume, c osme tics,

soap, de te rgents
Me dic ine 26 D rugs, pre parations, solutions

Spe c ialty and Fine 2 4 ,4 authe ntic fine c hemic als,

Che mic als othe r spe c ialty c he mic als
dye s, paint, ink
agric ultural c hemic als
Basic Che mic als 3 7 ,6 Pe troc hemic als
Plastic s and synth e tic rubbe r
Synthe tic fibe rs
Industrial gase s
Fe rtilize rs
Othe r basic inorganic c he mic als
14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000

million US$
6.000

4.000

2.000

0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Production of Turkish Chemical Industry

16.000

14.000

12.000

10.000

8.000
million US$
6.000

4.000

2.000

0
1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Production of Turkish Chemical Industry

Sectors that use Products of Turkish Chemical Industry

Sectors %

Final Consumption 30,3

Service and Administrative 16,4

Metal-Mining, Mechanical and Electrical Eng. 9,0

Agriculture 6,4

Textile 6,3

Construction 5,4

Automotive 5,3

Paper and Printing 4,5

Others 16,4
 600

500
million US$
400

300

200

100

0
Mineral Inorg. organics pharmac. fertilizers dyes, soap and plastics rubber others
Fuels and varnishes, detergents
Oils ink

Exports of Turkish Chemical Industry Sectors in 2000

( 2005 exports of chemical industry/total exports = 6 billion $/65 billion$ , 9,2% )
As of 2004 :

 20,623 firms were operating in the Turkish Chemical

Industry.

 The value of Turkish Chemical Industry’s total production

was 10 Billion USD which accounted for the 4.3% of GDP (gross
domestic product) of Turkey.

 The chemical industry accounted for almost 30% of the

total manufacturing output.

 The total value of imports by the chemical industry was 19.6

Billion USD while exports were 3.7 Billion USD.
 Chemical engineers are trained to
perform a wide range of duties:
 Production Supervision
 Scale-up of Laboratory Processes to Industrial Size
 Economic Analyses
 Pollution Control
 Health and Safety
 Automatic Control of Processes
 Computer Simulation of Plants for Optimum Operation
 Design of In-Plant Improvements for more Economical
Operation
 Management
 Technical Marketing
 A typical Chemical Engineering Curriculum
aims to educate its graduates to:

 Obtain the necessary knowledge in mathematics, basic sciences,

computing, and engineering that will enable them to solve
problems in the analysis, design, optimization, and control of
components, systems, and processes encountered in the practice
of chemical engineering;
 Exercise their competence, creativity, and imagination in design
and research and to synthesize their broad-based knowledge
through applications to real-world engineering problems;
 Cultivate effective communication skills, both oral and written,
especially in technical subject matters;
 Develop the necessary attributes for constructive participation in
and leadership of interdisciplinary teams;
 Understand and appreciate the professional and ethical
responsibilities entailed in engineering practice and research; and
 Acquire a sufficiently broad, diverse, and rigorous education to
excel in graduate work in chemical engineering as well as in a
variety of other professional degree programs.
 Code of Ethics is based on:

 upholding and advancing the integrity, honor and

dignity of the engineering profession by:
being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity
employers, clients, and the public;

 striving to increase the competence and prestige

of the engineering profession;

 using knowledge and skill for the enhancement

of human welfare.
Chemical Engineering Curriculum

İntro. fundamentals

Humanities
Economics
Engineering/Science Core
 Main Components
1. Engineering core courses
(math, phys, chem, hum, bio, economics)
2. Chemical engineering fundamentals
(ChE 110, 201, 202, 211, 383, 386)
3. Chemical engineering science and analysis
(ChE 232, 302, 321, 333, 334, 342, 353, 401)
4. Chemical engineering synthesis and design
(ChE 342, 433, 462, 475, 492)
5. Specialization options (biomolecular-,
catalyst technology and reaction-,
process-, polymer and biopolymer science
and eng.)
Chemical Engineering Fundamentals
ChE 201: Physicochemical Systems I
Description of physicochemical systems. Laws of thermodynamics.
Changes of state. Solutions and phase equilibria. Chemical equilibrium.
Physical chemistry of surfaces. The kinetic theory. Electrochemistry:
conductance and ionic reactions; electrochemical cells. Laboratory
experiments.

ChE 202: Physicochemical Systems II

Concepts and methods of statistical thermodynamics. Distribution
of molecular states. Schrödinger equation, partition functions, X-
ray diffraction. Electric and magnetic properties of molecules.
Structure and motion of fluids. Radial distribution functions.
Intermolecular forces. Kinetics of gases, diffusion equation.
Chemical kinetics, rate laws, temparature dependence of reaction
rates, elementary and complex reactions. Eyring's theory.
Laboratory experiments.
 ChE 211: Chemical Engineering Calculations
Calculation methods used in the chemical industry based on the principles of
material and energy balances. Application of equations of state, heat
capacity, enthalpy, chemical reactions, two-phase systems, enthalpy-
concentration diagrams, heats of solution; crystallization, vaporization,
melting, etc. Concepts of simultaneous material and energy balance
calculations of chemical engineering unit operations, unit processes and
related applications.

ChE 383: Probability and Statistics in Chem.Eng.Applications

Fundamental concepts in probability; probability distributions, mathematical
expectations; statistical methods including sampling distributions, point and
interval estimation, hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance,
as applied in chemical engineering problems. Factoral design of experiments.

ChE 386: Mathematical Modeling

Utilization of mass, energy and momentum balances and rate processes to
describe the behavior of chemical engineering systems. Distributed, lumped
parameter, steady and transient systems. Block diagrams, development of
mathematical models and solution techniques.
Chemical Engineering Science and Analysis

ChE 232: Chemical Engineering I: Fluid Mechanics

Dimensional analysis with applications. Fluid statics and its applications.
Integral and differential mass, energy and momentum balances. Laminar
and turbulent flow of Newtonian fluids. Flow measurements.

ChE 302: Chemical Engineering Laboratory I

Safety assesment. Principles of safety regulations. Survey of
experimental methods. Series of experiments related to unit operations
and unit processes.

ChE 321: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics, equations of state and formulation of
thermodynamic properties of systems. Generalized state properties.
Prediction of behavior of multiphase and multicomponent systems.
Chemical reaction equilibria. Thermodynamic analysis of processes.
 ChE 333: Chemical Engineering II: Heat Transfer
Heat transfer by conduction. Heat transfer by convection in single
phase systems and in systems with phase change. Radiation heat
transfer. Analytical, numerical and graphical techniques. Heat
exchange equipment and networks.

ChE 334: Chemical Engineering III: Mass Transfer Operations

General and special forms of the differential equations for mass
transfer. Steady-state molecular diffusion. Convective mass
transfer: single-phase and interphase transfer. Continuous and
stagewise contacting of immiscible and partially miscible phases: gas
absorption, desorption and liquid-liquid extraction. Distillation of
binary mixtures.

ChE 342: Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design

Kinetics of homogeneous reactions. Analysis of simple and complex
rate equations; correlation of rate data. Kinetics of heterogenous
reactions. Global rates. Isothermal and non-isothermal operation of
homogeneous reactors: ideal batch, plug-flow and stirred-tank
reactors. Other reactor types. Deviations from ideal performance.
 ChE 353: Chemical Processes
A survey of various chemical processes as it is pertinent to the
conventional chemical industry with an eye to the developments
expected in the future. The main aim of the course is to give the
ability to critically analyze complete chemical processes in some
detail.

ChE 401: Chemical Engineering Laboratory II

Continuation of ChE 302, including independent laboratory
projects and presentations.
 Chemical Engineering Synthesis and Design
ChE 433: Design of Chemical Processing Units
Basic engineering concepts and accepted procedures as applied to
the design of main process units and auxiliary equipment. Operating
principles of various processing equipment to critically evaluate,
specify and design the most appropriate unit(s) among available
alternatives for specific tasks.

ChE 462: Chemical Plant Design and Economics

Study of fundamental concepts in chemical plant design, organization
of chemicals manufacturing plants and the economic considerations
associated with the investment, feasibility and operation of such
plants. Independent and group projects covering the above topics
related to the existing Turkish conditions.
 ChE 475: Process Dynamics and Control
Dynamic modeling of linear and nonlinear chemical processes.
Linerazation. Laplace transforms. Stability of systems. Conventional
feedback controllers. Dynamic behavior of feedback controlled
systems. Controller design using frequency response techniques.
Computer simulation of controlled and uncontrolled systems. Design of
controls using simulation programs.

ChE 492: Project

Inter-disciplinary project undertaken by a student, either together
with a small team of other students or individually, under the
supervision of a faculty member. The object is to enable the student
to apply as much of his/her education as possible to the solution of a
specific realistic problem. Students are required to meet on a
regular basis for consultation with, and report orally to their project
supervisor. A written midterm progress report and a final report are
required of each student together with at least one oral report to
his/her classmates
 Current Trends:
 the strong scientific, mathematical, and technical
background found in chemical engineering education is
allowing the profession to enter new fields.

 the largest growth in employment is occurring in up-

and-coming fields which show tremendous potential.
Biotechnology, polymers, electronics, catalyst
design,food processing, pharmaceuticals, environmental
clean-up, biomedical implants and nano technologies.
all offer possibilities for chemical engineers.

 the chemical engineering education needs to respond

to the industrial realities of the profession.
 Specialization Options

1. Biomolecular Engineering
2. Catalyst Technology and Reaction Eng.
3. Polymer and Biopolymer Science and Eng.
4. Process Engineering
Option 1 Biomolecular Engineering

BIO 351 Microbiology

ChE353 Chemical Processes

CHEM 415 General Biochemistry

ChE421 Genetic Engineering Applications in Biotechnology

ChE422 Molecular Biotechnology

ChE425 Technology of Food Preservation

ChE427 Bioreaction Engineering

ChE463 Bioprocess Design

ChE486 Spec. Top. in ChE: Protein Interactions: From Molecules to Networks

ChE520 Downstream Processing in Biochemical Engineering

ChE529 Metabolic Engineering

Option 2 Catalyst Technology and Reaction Engineering

ChE 353 Chemical Processes

ChE 427 Bioreaction Engineering

ChE 440 Heterogenous Catalysis

ChE 441 Hydrogen Technologies

ChE 442 Design of Solid Catalysts

ChE 444 Fuel Cells and Catalysis

ChE 487 Spec. Top. in ChE:Sustainable Energy Technologies

ChE 541 Microreaction Engineering

ChE 542 Analysis of Sustainable Technologies

ChE 543 Catalysis for Green Technologies

ChE 689 Spec. Top. in ChE:Kinetic Stud.in Heterogeneous Cat.

Option 3 Polymer/Biopolymer Science and Engineering

ChE 310 Introduction to Macromolecular Systems

ChE 353 Chemical Processes

ChE 412 Structure, Function and Simulation of Biopolymers

ChE 413 Design and Simulation of Macromolecular Systems

ChE 414 Physical Properties of Polymeric Systems

Chem 435 Introduction to Polymer Science and Technology

Chem 487 Polymer Laboratory Experiments

ChE 510 Molecular Thermodynamics in Polymeric and Biolgical Systems

ChE 511 Polymer Processing Principles and Modeling

ChE 512 Hierarchical Modeling of Macromolecular Systems

ChE 516 Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

ChE 531 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

ChE 538 Polymer Applications

CmpE 544 Pattern Recognition

ChE 688 Spec. Top. in ChE:Folding, Binding & Allostery in Biomolecular Machines
Option 4 Process Engineering

ChE 353 Chemical Processes

ChE 426 Food Engineering

ChE 430 Separation Processes

ChE 450 Energy Technologies

ChE 460 Total Quality Engineering in Chemical Industries

ChE 465 Operational and Enviromental Safety of Chemical Plants

ChE 476 Computer Aided Design and Synthesis

ChE 477 Process Optimization

ChE 478 Cost and Risk Engineering

ChE 484 Spec. Top. in ChE:Spectral Methods with Applications to Transport Processes

ChE 550 Statistical Methods in Chemical Processes

ChE 555 Applied Mathematics and Modeling for Chemical Egineers

ChE 566 Process Engineering Strategy

ChE 577 Design and Operation under Uncertainty and Risk

ChE 578 Dynamic Optimization of Chemical Processes