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Love Is A Fallacy: Max Shulman

This document provides definitions and examples of common logical fallacies. It discusses dicto simpliciter, hasty generalization, ad misericordiam, false analogy, hypothesis contrary to fact, and poisoning the well fallacies. Each fallacy is explained with a brief definition and illustrated with one or two examples.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
286 views14 pages

Love Is A Fallacy: Max Shulman

This document provides definitions and examples of common logical fallacies. It discusses dicto simpliciter, hasty generalization, ad misericordiam, false analogy, hypothesis contrary to fact, and poisoning the well fallacies. Each fallacy is explained with a brief definition and illustrated with one or two examples.

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LOVE IS A FALLACY

Max Shulman
•Love is blind.
•God is love.
•God is blind.
• A fallacy is a kind of error in
reasoning.
• Fallacies may be created
unintentionally, or they may be created
intentionally in order to deceive other
people.
• Sometimes the term "fallacy" is used
even more broadly to indicate any
DICTO SIMPLICITER
• From the Latin, "from a saying without
qualification"
• an argument based on an unqualified
generalization.
• a general rule or observation is treated as
universally true regardless of the
circumstances or the individuals concerned.
• An example of a dicto simpliciter would be
that all scientists are closed-minded and
that if something does not fit into a
scientist's existing scientific laws, they will
not consider it a possibility. This is a dicto
simpliciter because it states that all
scientists are one specific way when, in
reality, this is not true.
HASTY GENERALIZATION
• faulty generalization by reaching an
inductive generalization based on
insufficient evidence—essentially making
a hasty conclusion without considering all
of the variables
• Three congressional representatives have
had affairs. Therefore, members of Congree
are adulterers.

• An environmental group illegally blocked


loggers and workers at a nuclear plant.
Therefore, environmentalists are radicals who
take the law into their own hands.
AD MISERICORDIAM
• From the Latin, "appeal to pity."
• someone tries to win support for an
argument or idea by exploiting his or
her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt.
It is a specific kind of appeal to
emotion.
• "Your Honor, my incarceration is cruel and
unusual punishment. First, my prison-
issued shower sandals are grossly
undersized. Secondly, the prison book
club consists mainly of prisoners who club
me with books."
(Sideshow Bob in "Day of the
Jackanapes." The Simpsons, 2001)
FALSE ANALOGY
• an argument based on misleading,
superficial, or implausible
comparisons. Also known as faulty
analogy, weak analogy, wrongful
comparison, metaphor as argument,
and analogical fallacy.
• "There are seven windows given to animals in
the domicile of the head: two nostrils, two
eyes, two ears, and a mouth. . . . From this
and many other similarities in Nature, too
tedious to enumerate, we gather that the
number of planets must necessarily be
seven."
• (Francesco Sizzi, 17th-century Italian
astronomer)
HYPOTHESIS CONTRARY TO FACT
• This fallacy consists of offering a poorly
supported claim about what might have
happened in the past or future if
circumstances or conditions were other
than they actually were or are. The fallacy
also involves treating hypothetical
situations as if they were fact.
POISONING THE WELL
• a person attempts to place an opponent in a
position from which he or she is unable to reply.
• An enemy, when he poisons a well, ruins the water;
no matter how good or how pure the water was, it
is now tainted and hence unusable. When an
opponent uses this technique, he casts such
aspersions on a person that the person cannot
possibly recover and defend himself without
making matters much worse.
• CITY COUNCILMAN: The Mayor's a very
good talker. Yes, talk he can do . . . and
do very well. But when it comes time for
action, that's a different matter.

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