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Computer Arithmetic: CP1-Lecture 3

1) Binary addition and subtraction can be performed by following the same rules as decimal arithmetic, carrying digits where sums exceed the maximum binary digit of 1. 2) Subtraction using 1's complement involves adding the 1's complement of the subtrahend. Subtraction using 2's complement omits carrying for a smaller number subtracted from a larger one. 3) Octal and hexadecimal arithmetic can be performed in a similar manner to decimal, with appropriate digit places and values for the number systems.

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56 views26 pages

Computer Arithmetic: CP1-Lecture 3

1) Binary addition and subtraction can be performed by following the same rules as decimal arithmetic, carrying digits where sums exceed the maximum binary digit of 1. 2) Subtraction using 1's complement involves adding the 1's complement of the subtrahend. Subtraction using 2's complement omits carrying for a smaller number subtracted from a larger one. 3) Octal and hexadecimal arithmetic can be performed in a similar manner to decimal, with appropriate digit places and values for the number systems.

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Jeric Buenaventura
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Computer

Arithmetic
CP1-Lecture 3
Binary Addition
Binary Addition

• Performed in the same A B A+B


manner as in decimal 0 0 0
arithmetic 0 1 1
1 0 1
• Since 1 is the largest 1 1 0 plus a
digit in the binary carry 1
System, any sum greater
than 1 requires digit to
be carried over
Binary Addition

10101 = 21
• Two n-bit values
– Add individual bits + 11001 = + 25
– Propagate carries 101110 46
Binary Subtraction
Binary Subtraction

• Subtraction of a number from another can be


accomplished by adding the complement of the
subtrahend to the minuend.

• 1’s Complement

• 2’s Complement
Binary Subtraction
• 1s Complement Subtraction
- Subtraction of binary numbers using the 1’s complement
method allows subtraction only by addition.

• The 1’s complement of a binary number can be obtained


by changing all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s

1001001011
1’s complement = 0110110100
Binary Subtraction: 1’s
complement

• To subtract a smaller number from a larger number, the


1’s complement method is as follows:
- Remove the carry and add it to the result.
- This carry is called end-around-carry.
Example
110101 2 110101 2
- 100101 2 + 011010 2
1001111
001111
+ 1
010000 2

Answer: 10000 2
Example
101011 2 101011 2
- 111001 2 + 000110 2
110001 001110 2

Negative Value

Answer:-001110 2
Binary Subtraction: 1’s
complement

• Subtraction of a large number from a smaller one by the


1’s complement method.
- The answer is the 1’s complement of the result and is
opposite in sign. There is no carry
Binary Subtraction: 2’s
complement

• 2’s complement of a binary number can be obtained by


adding 1 to its 1’s complement.

• Subtraction of a smaller number from a larger one by the


2’s complement.
- Omit the carry (there is always a carry in this case)
Example
110110 2
- 010110 2 101001
+ 1 110110 2
101010 + 101010 2
1100000 2

DROP
Answer: 100000 2
Example
10110 2

- 11010 2 00101
+ 1 10110 2

00110 + 00110 2

11100 2

00011
+ 1
Answer: -00100 2 00100 2
Binary Multiplication
Binary Multiplication

• Follows the same general rules as multiplication in


decimal number system.

A B AB
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Example
1110
x 1011
1110
1110
0000
1110
10011010
Octal Addition
Example
11
6437
+ 2510
99
- 88
11147
Octal Subtraction
Example
8
00 8
11 147
8 9
- 6 437
2 510
Hexadecimal Addition
Example
11
7 C 3 9
+ 3 7 F 2
20 18 11
- 16 16
B 4 2 B
Hexadecimal
Subtraction
Example
B 16
7 C 3 9
19
- 3 7 F 2
4 4 4 7
“For the Lord gives wisdom; From His mouth come
knowledge and understanding.”

–Proverbs 2:6

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