Classification : Interne
RNO Training on the Job
Compressed mode
Radio Department
Presented by:
Soumaya Dahech
24/10/ 2019
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Agenda
Compressed mode
Spreading factor mode
High layer scheduling
Compressed mode
In WCDMA systems, the use of handover procedures, such as
inter radio access technology handover (IRATHO) inter radio access
technology cell change (IRATCC) and inter-frequency handover(IFHO),
are the fundamental/important parts of the system. Handover in CDMA
systems is the process in which a terminal unit involved in a data
communications
process changes a communications mode or in which the terminal unit
changes to another base station unit of the system.
In order to perform these handovers, the terminal unit has to perform a
number of measurements on the telecommunications network, such as
intra-frequency measurements, inter-frequency measurements, inter-radio-
access-technology (inter-RAT) measurements, traffic volume measurements,
quality measurements, internal measurements in the terminal unit itself
and/or measurements of the position of the terminal unit
Compressed mode
In order to perform these measurements, while at the same time maintaining
the data communications, idle periods are to be create during transmission of
the data signal,
during which idle periods the measurements can be performed by the
terminal unit. These idle periods are created using so-called compressed
modes (CPM), using a compressed mode controller (CMC).
In practice, two compressed modes may be used by the CMC to provide
these idle periods or transmission gaps; reduction of the spreading
factor (SF) by a factor 2(abbreviated by SF/2), and higher layer
scheduling (HLS).
Spreading factor mode
• In the SF/2 compressed mode, the spreading factor is reduced by a
factor2.The data rate, being linear dependent on the spreading factor, is
increased by a factor 2.
• It then becomes possible to fit an extra timeslot in between each of the
timeslots containing the data signal to be sent. These extra timeslots form the
required idle periods or transmission gaps that can be used by the terminal
unit to perform the required measurements.
• The SF/2 compressed mode method is often used for circuit switched (CS) radio
access bearers.
Spreading factor disadvantage
Power should be increased at least 3 dB for each radio link in order to maintain the quality of
service.
If many terminal units are in compressed mode at the same time, this can become problematic.
Since power should not be increased above a certain threshold,
the network will only support a certain maximum number of terminal units to be in compressed mode.
In (UL) mode, i.e. from the terminal unit to the base station, the same scrambling code will
always be used (i.e.: in the UL mode the scrambling code will never be changed when SF/2 is
performed), but in the downlink (DL) mode, i.e. from the base station to the terminal unit, the same
or an alternative scrambling code can be used. The alternative
scrambling code is a scrambling code linked to the current scrambling code based on certain
rules.
Therefore, the SF/2 compressed mode adds to the complexity of code (de)composition and will
require more hardware resources of the telecommunications system.
The other disadvantage is that SF/2 compressed mode method is complicated and expensive to
implement within telecommunications systems.
High layer scheduling
• In the higher layer scheduling (HLS) compressed mode, restrictions
are set to the transport format combinations (TFC) that may be used in a
compressed frame.
• Due these restrictions, the maximum data rate actually used by the coded
composite transport channel is known and a transmission gap may be created
based on this knowledge.
• Higher layer scheduling is often used for packet switched (PS) radio access
bearers.
High layer scheduling disadvantage
A disadvantage of higher layer scheduling is that the terminal unit should not
receive/sent information in certain slots,
because in HLS it is scheduled that no data will be transmitted/received during these slots.
Therefore, higher layer scheduling is considered to be used for non-real time (NRT)
traffic only, since the HLS method will introduce delay and reduce the throughput of the
channel.
Classification : Interne
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