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Splint

This document defines and describes different types of splints used to immobilize and support limbs. It begins by defining a splint as a device used to immobilize and position joints. It then describes several common upper and lower extremity splints, including their indications and application. Complications of splinting like thermal injury, compartment syndrome, and pressure sores are also discussed. The document provides an overview of the purpose and application of various splints.

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Keu RS Helsa Bintaro
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524 views24 pages

Splint

This document defines and describes different types of splints used to immobilize and support limbs. It begins by defining a splint as a device used to immobilize and position joints. It then describes several common upper and lower extremity splints, including their indications and application. Complications of splinting like thermal injury, compartment syndrome, and pressure sores are also discussed. The document provides an overview of the purpose and application of various splints.

Uploaded by

Keu RS Helsa Bintaro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPLINT

DEFINITION
 Splint:
 A device used for support or immobilization of limbs
or of the spine*
 A rigid or flexible appliance for fixation of displaced
or movable parts**
 A device used for immobilize and position one or
several joint***
 Temporary Immobilization the injured part of the
body during transportation ( fracture, dislocations
and soft tissue injury)****

*Canadian Association for Prosthetics and Orthotics website


**www.freemedicaldictionary.com
***Hoppenfeld S, Murthy VL. Treatment & Rehabilitation of Fracture
****Basic Orthopaedic Skill Course
INTRODUCTION
 After fracture, splints and braces are precribed to
protect a partially healed fracture once
weightbearing or movement is allowed
 May also used to immobilize the fracture and to
prevent pain that occur with motion

Hinged Brace Long leg splint


TYPES OF SPLINT
Upper Extremity Lower Extremity
 Elbow/Arm • Thigh
 Long Arm Posterior – Thomas splint
 Double Sugar - Tong • Knee
 Forearm/Wrist – Bulky Jones
 Volar Forearm – Posterior Knee Splint
 Sugar - Tong • Ankle / Leg
 Hand/Fingers – Posterior leg splint
– Anterior leg splint
 Ulnar Gutter
– Stirrup splint
 Radial Gutter
 Thumb Spica • Foot
– Dennis Browne splint
 Finger Splints

Sumber: Basic Orthopaedic Skill Course


LONG ARM POSTERIOR SPLINT
 Indications
 Elbow, proximal & midshaft forearm injuries
 Distal humerus fx
 Ulnar fx in children
 Doesn’t completely eliminate supination /
pronation
DOUBLE SUGAR TONG SPLINT
 Indications
 Elbow and forearm fx - prox/mid/distal
radius and ulnar fx.
 Provide flex/extension and pronation /
supination control.
VOLAR FOREARM SPLINT
 Indications
 Soft tissue hand / wrist injuries – sprain
 Carpal tunnel night splints
 Not used for distal radius or ulnar fx: unstable can
still supinate and pronate.
 Repair of extensor tendon
FOREARM POSTERIOR SLAB
 For flexor tendon rupture
 8 – 12 layers 4 inches plaster

 30 degrees MCP flexion and 60 degrees wrist


dorsiflexion
 Metacarpal head to 2-3 cm below radial head
FOREARM SUGAR TONG SPLINT
 Indications

 Distal radius and ulnar fx


 Stabilize wrist, elbow
 Limit supination and pronation
ARM SUGAR TONG SPLINT (U-SLAB)
 Indication for mid shaft humeral fracture
 10 layers of 4 inches plaster

 Fixed in 90 degrees elbow flexion

 Padding  arm pit to medial part of the clavicle

 4 – 6 weeks
FINGER SPLINT
 Sprains - dynamic splinting (buddy taping).
 Dorsal/Volar finger splints - phalangeal fx

 Mallet finger splint


WRIST SPLINT
 Relieve pressure on the median nerve
 Carpal tunnel syndrome
ULNAR GUTTER SPLINT
 Soft tissue hand injuries to the fourth and fifth
fingers
 Fourth and fifth metacarpal fractures, boxer
fracture
 Fractures of the fourth and fifth phalanges

 Positioning for rheumatoid arthritis

 Wrist slight extension, MCP 70-90o flexion


THUMB SPICA SPLINT
 Scaphoid injuries
 Lunate injuries

 First metacarpal fractures

 Injury to the ulnar collateral


ligamentgamekeeper thumb
 Positioning for de Quervain tenosynovitis
RADIAL GUTTER SPLINT
 First metacarpal fractures
 Injury to the ulnar collateral
ligamentgamekeeper thumb
 Positioning for de Quervain tenosynovitis
THOMAS SPLINT
 a leg splint consisting of two rigid rods attached
to an ovoid ring that fits around the thigh
 it can be combined with other apparatus to
provide traction
 For Fracture of femur
POSTERIOR LEG SPLINT
 Indications
 Distal tibia/fibula fx.
 Reduced dislocations
 Sprains
 Tarsal / metatarsal fx
 Use at least 16-20 layers of plaster.
ANTERIOR LEG SPLINT
 Indications ( achilles tendon rupture, flexor
tendon rupture and flexor muscle belly rupture )
 20 layers 6 inches plaster

 30 – 55 degrees of foot plantar flexion

 Head of fibula to foot fingers

 4 – 6 weeks
STIRRUP SPLINT
 Indications
 Similiar to posterior splint.
 Less inversion /eversion and actually less plantar
flexion compared to posterior splint.
 Great for ankle sprains.
 12-15 layers of 4-6 inch plaster.
DENNIS BROWN SPLINT
 Denis Browne splint a splint consisting of a
pair boot splints joined by a cross bar
 Used in talipes equinovarus
COMPLICATION
 Thermal injury
 Release heat as plaster dries
 Hot water, Increased number of layers, extra fast-
drying, poor padding - all increase risk
 If significant pain - remove splint to cool
 Compartment syndrome
 Less risk compared to casting but still a possibility
 Do not apply elastic bandage tightly
 Elevate extremity
 Close follow up  when in doubt, release
 Pulses lost late
COMPLICATION
 Pressure sores
 Adequate padding

 Infection
 Clean, debride and dress all wounds before splint
application
 Recheck if significant exudation
REFERENSI
 Hoppenfeld S, Murthy VL. Treatment &
Rehabilitation of Fracture. 2000.
Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkin
 DeLisa J, Ganz BM, et al. Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation : Principle and Practice. 4th edition.
2005. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin
 Charnley J. The Closed Treatment of Common
Fracture. 1999. NewYork: John Charnley Trust
 Oesman I. Basic Orthopaedic Skill Course. 2010.
Departemen Orthopaedi & Traumatologi
FKUI/RSCM
 Boyd AS, Benjamin HJ, Asplund C. Splint and Cast:
Indication and Methods. Diunduh dari www.aafp.org
tgl 5 okt 2011
THANK YOU

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