Gauss-Seidel Method
For Power Flow Solution
Introduction
The Gauss–Seidel method is an iterative
method used to solve a linear system of
equations.
It is also known as the Liebmann method
or the method of successive displacement.
Gauss-Seidel Method
Algorithm
Assume an initial guess solution array
Solve for each xi
Calculate absolute relative error after each
iteration.
Repeat until error is within a pre-specified
tolerance.
CLASSIFICATION OF BUSES
Load Buses: In these buses only loads are connected
Voltage Controlled Buses: These are the buses where
generators are connected.
Slack Bus: Usually this bus is numbered 1 for the load
flow studies. This bus sets the angular reference for all
the other buses.
BUS VARIABLES
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
The complexity of formal solution for power
flow in power system arises because of the
differences in the type of data specified for
the different buses.
Digital solution of the power flow problems
follow an iterative process by assigning
estimated values to the unknown bus
voltages and by calculating a new value for
each bus voltage from the estimated values at
the other buses and the real and reactive
power specified.
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
A new set of values for the voltages at
each bus is thus obtained and used to
calculate still another set of bus voltages .
Each calculation of a new set of voltages
is called iteration.
The iterative process is repeated until the
changes at each bus are less than a
specified minimum value.
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
In the Gauss-Seidel load flow we denote
the initial voltage of the i th bus
by Vi(0) , i = 2, ... , n . This should read as
the voltage of the i th bus at the
0th iteration, or initial guess.
The load buses and voltage controlled
buses are treated differently.
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
Knowing the Scheduled real and reactive power
at any bus, we can write:
Pi-jQi/Vi*=Ii
= ∑nk=1 Yik Vk
= Yi1V1 + Yi2V2 + Yi3V3 +…+ YinVn
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
For four bus system, with bus 1
designated as slack bus, bus 2 and bus 3
are load bus and bus 4 is voltage
controlled bus, we start computations at
bus 2.
With i set equal to 2 and N equal to 4 we
can write
𝑃2,𝑠𝑐ℎ −𝑗𝑄2,𝑠𝑐ℎ
∗ = 𝑌21 𝑉1 + 𝑌22 𝑉2 + 𝑌23 𝑉3 +
𝑉2
𝑌24 𝑉4
Solving for 𝑉
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
Similarly for bus 3 we can write
1 𝑃3,𝑠𝑐ℎ −𝑗𝑄3,𝑠𝑐ℎ
𝑉3 = − ሺ𝑌31 𝑉1 +
𝑌33 𝑉3 ∗
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
Agreement would be reached to a good
degree of accuracy after several iterations.
Voltage is found at each bus and then it is
used to calculate the corrected voltage at
the next bus, therefore we find the first
iteration voltage at bus 3 and then for bus
4.
For bus 3
1 𝑃3,𝑠𝑐ℎ −𝑗𝑄3,𝑠𝑐ℎ ሺ1)
𝑉3 ሺ1) = ቈ ሺ0)∗ − ቀ𝑌31 𝑉1 + 𝑌32 𝑉2 +
𝑌33 𝑉3
Gauss-Seidel Method in Power Flow
Acceleration Factor
Number of iteration may reduced if the
correction in voltage at each bus is
multiplied by some constant that increases
the amount of correction to bring the voltage
closer to value it is approaching.
This multiplier is called acceleration factor.
The difference between the newly calculated
voltage and the best previous voltage at the
bus is multiplied by the appropriate
acceleration factor to obtain a better
correction to be added to the previous value.
Acceleration Factor
Voltage controlled Bus
Voltage controlled Bus
Let bus 4 is voltage controlled bus, then
reactive power is calculated by
ሺ0)∗ ሺ0)
𝑄4 ሺ1) =-Im 𝑉4 𝑌41 𝑉1 + 𝑌42 𝑉2,𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሺ1) + 𝑌43 𝑉3,𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሺ1) + 𝑌44 𝑉4
Then this value of reactive is substituted
in voltage equation at bus 4 that is
ሺ1) 1 𝑃2,𝑠𝑐ℎ −𝑗 𝑄4 ሺ1)
𝑉4 = ሺ0)∗ − 𝑌41 𝑉1 + 𝑌42 𝑉2,𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሺ1) + 𝑌43 𝑉3,𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሺ1)
𝑌44 𝑉2
Questions
