Review of Computer Networks
Course:DDB
Instructor: Ibrar Afzal
Hazara University Mansehra, IT Department
Review of Computer Networks
Computer Network
Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are
capable of exchanging information among themselves
Computers on a network are referred to as nodes, hosts, end systems,
or sites.
Types of Networks.
various criteria by which computer networks can be classified
geographic distribution i.e. scale
interconnection structure of nodes i.e. topology
Review of Computer Networks
Review of Computer Networks
Mechanism for distinction
Propagation delay
Administrative control
Protocols that are used in managing them..
Network classification
wide area networks,
metropolitan area networks
local area networks
Review of Computer Networks
Review of Computer Networks
Scale: wide area network (WAN)
distance between any two nodes
greater than approximately 20 kilometers (km) to thousands of
kilometers.
capacities of 150 Mbps and above.
backbone links; the current backbone links are
OC48 at 2.4 Gbps or OC192 at 10Gbps.
long delays are involved in wide area data transmission
Review of Computer Networks
Scale:Local area networks (LANs)
Limited in geographic scope (usually less than 2 km)..
Higher capacity communication over inexpensive transmission media. 10-
1000 Mbps per connection
Better controlled environments
Reduce the noise and interference, and the heterogeneity among the
computers
Review of Computer Networks
Scale: Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
Between LANs and WANs in scale
Cover a city or a portion of it.
The distances between nodes is typically on the order of 10 km.
Review of Computer Networks
Topology:
Way nodes on a network are interconnected
Irregular network: interconnections between nodes do not follow any
Pattern
Bus Network
Used in LANs. The link control is typically performed using carrier
sense medium access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
protocol.
The CSMA/CD bus control mechanism can best be described as a
“listen before and while you transmit” scheme.
Star, ring, bus, and mesh networks
Review of Computer Networks
Topology
Star networks
If two hosts want to communicate, they have to go through the central
node.
SQL embedded in a host language in the case of relational DBMSs
C and QBE (Query-by-Example).
Ring networks
Used in MANs (e.g., SONET rings)
Control token
Complete (or mesh) interconnection
Review of Computer Networks
Communication Schemes
Point-to-point :one or more (direct or indirect) links between each pair
of nodes. The communication is always between two nodes and the
receiver and sender are identified by their addresses that are included in
the message header..
media for point-to-point networks are twisted pair,coaxial or fiber
optic cables.
In broadcast networks, there is a common communication channel that
is utilized by all the nodes in the network. Each node checks the
receiver address and if the message is not addressed to it, ignores it.
Multicasting: message is sent to a subset of the nodes in the network
radio or satellite-based
Review of Computer Networks
Communication Schemes
Microwave transmission is another mode of data communication
and it can be over satellite
Satellite and microwave networks are examples of wireless networks.
Wireless LANs (commonly referred to as Wi-LAN or WiLan.
These networks can provide bandwidth of up to 54 Mbps.
Review of Computer Networks
Communication Schemes
Bandwidth refers (less formally and with abuse of
terminology) to the number of bits that can be transmitted per
second (bps).
Actual rate at which data are transmitted across the network is
known as the data transfer rate.
Review of Computer Networks
Thanks
Review of Computer Networks
