TEACHING
STRATEGIES
PRESENTED BY: RIZZA M. PACHEO
Graphic Organizer
• A graphic organizer is a visual and graphic display that
depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas
within a learning task. Graphic organizers are also
sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps,
story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizers, or
concept diagrams.
Contents
Grid and Matrix Graphic Organizers
Main Idea and Details Organizers
Compare and Contrast Organizers
Sequence Chart
Spider Map
Storyboard
T-Chart
KWL Chart
Grid and Matrix Graphic Organizers
Graphic organizers are
pedagogical tools that express the
logic and relationships between
items, facts and concepts in a
visualized pattern, and help you
understand and instruct the
connotation of things better.
Grid and matrix are much easier
to create compared with other
comprehensive visual graphic
organizers such as mind maps
and various charts.
Main Idea and Details Organizers
• As the term "Main Idea and Details" suggests, such kind of graphic
organizer is often a great tool for brainstorming and divergent thinking.
To create one, either with hand-drawn tools or digital software, you need
to draw a shape in the center and then draw divergent lines with shapes
where you can put the secondary ideas.
• For example, if a student is going to give a presentation on how serious
environment pollution, he would write the central idea "Environment
pollution is serious in the center shape, with aspects illustrating how the
environment is being polluted, such as air pollution, water pollution, soil
pollution, and light pollution, etc. If more supporting details are
available, he would add more shapes to the secondary level.
Compare and Contrast Organizers
• If you need to compare and contrast three
objects, processes, or events, consider
using compare and contrast organizers
such as a Venn diagram. This graphic
organizer consists of overlapping circles.
There are sections of the organizer in
which only two circles are overlapping,
and there is one section in which all three
circles overlap. This last section would
include any information that is true for all
two headings.
Sequence Chart
• Sequence refers to a set of events, actions, numbers, etc. which have a particular
order and which lead to a particular result. This graphic organizer looks like several
boxes connected by arrows.
• A sequence chart organizer shows a series of steps or events in the order in which
they take place. The leftmost box contains the first event in a chronological
sequence, and the rightmost box contains the last event.
• This graphic organizer is perfect for writing or reading a short story, understanding
the flow of a series of historical events, or understanding how flashbacks fit into a
novel.
• Any concept that has a distinct order can be displayed in this type of organizer. It is
an excellent tool for teaching students the steps necessary to reach a final point.
Spider Map
• A spider map graphic organizer is an organizational tool
used to display knowledge in a visual framework that looks
like a cobweb.
• It allows students to organize information from readings and
make connections in a meaningful structure. Actually, it
looks similar to a mind map, settling the central topic in the
center and developing subtopics and further ideas in
surrounding branches.
Storyboard
• A storyboard is a strategy that uses a graphic organizer to
help students learn the elements of a book or story. By
identifying story characters, plot, setting, problem and
solution, students read carefully to learn the details.
• There are many different types of storyboard graphic
organizers. The most basic focus on the beginning, middle,
and end of the story. More advanced organizers focus more
on plot or character traits.
T-Chart
• A T-Chart might be the simplest graphic organizer for both
teachers and students. It's mostly used for comparison by
separating information into two or more columns, such as
the advantages and disadvantages of surfing the Internet,
forming a layout in the shape of the English letter "T".
• To create a T-Chart graphic organizer, the easiest way is to
draw a large capital T. Set your title at the top and list facts
about the two events in the two vertical areas. Each row in
the chart compares one characteristic. You can make T-charts
with multiple columns to compare several objects, processes,
or events.
KWL Chart
• The letters KWL is an acronym for what students
already Know, Want to know, and ultimately
Learned in the course of a lesson. It's used to help
guide students to keep their own pace and interest
level through a lesson or subject matter.
• For example, for a class on the sun, students would
write what they already know about the sun in the
first Know space ("I know it is hot, I know it is in
the sky). In the second Want to know space, the
students write what they want to find out about the
subject ("How many suns do humans have on the
Earth? Why does the sun shines in the daytime?").
After the class was completed, in the Learned
space, the students write down what they learned
about the sun. Through such a KWL chart, both the
student and the teacher can easily figure out where
the student is and what he might have missed and
misunderstood.
Benefits of Using Graphic Organizers
• The ability to color-code thoughts in a picture can help significantly in
understanding and remembering the information. Graphic organizers benefit
students who use them in the following aspects:
• Help students structure the writing project.
• Encourage students to judge the pros and cons of making decisions.
• Generate, classify ideas easily and communicate in a brainstorm.
• Examine relationships.
• Guide students to demonstrate their thinking process.
• Increase reading comprehension
• Organize and compare essential concepts and ideas.
• Sequence and break a story into the main elements (intro, rising action, climax,
etc.).
Tips for Using Graphic Organizers Effectively
1) The teacher model and guide students on how to make and use
the organizers.
2) Use bullet points and sentence fragments rather than complete
sentences to get ideas down and show how they are related.
3) For complex material, consider teacher-generated organizers and
let students fill them partially.
4) Let students color outside the lines and make sketches to
reinforce concepts.
5) Offer a variety of organizers for day-to-day use to let students
get used to using graphic organizers.
Concept Maps/Mapping
What are concept maps?
• Concept maps are visual representations of information. They can take the
form of charts, graphic organizers, tables, flowcharts, Venn Diagrams,
timelines, or T-charts. Concept maps are especially useful for students who
learn better visually, although they can benefit any type of learner. They are
a powerful study strategy because they help you see the big picture: by
starting with higher-level concepts, concept maps help you chunk
information based on meaningful connections. In other words, knowing the
big picture makes details more significant and easier to remember.
• Concept maps work very well for classes or content that have visual
elements or in times when it is important to see and understand
relationships between different things. They can also be used to analyze
information and compare and contrast.
Making and using concept maps
Making one is simple. There is no right or wrong way to make a concept
map. The one key step is to focus on the ways ideas are linked to each other.
Try following the steps below:
• Identify a concept.
• From memory, try creating a graphic organizer related to this concept.
Starting from memory is an excellent way to assess what you already
understand and what you need to review.
• Go through lecture notes, readings and any other resources you have to fill
in any gaps.
• Focus on how concepts are related to each other.
Concept Maps/Mapping
Example 1: This example illustrates the similarities and differences between two ideas, such
as Series and Parallel Circuits. Notice the similarities are in the intersection of the 2 circles.
A Venn diagram showing the similarities and differences between Series and Parallel
Circuits.
Concept Maps/Mapping
• Example 2: This example illustrates the relationship between
ideas that are part of a process, such as a Food Chain.
• This progression diagram shows the relationship between ideas
that are part of a process, in this case, a food chain.
Concept Maps/Mapping
• Example 3: This example
illustrates the relationship
between a main idea, such as
climate change, and supporting
details.
Concept Maps/Mapping
Teachers can use concept mapping to:
• Plan curriculum
• Assess understanding or diagnose misunderstanding of
students
• Explain complex ideas
• Assist struggling readers
Concept Maps/Mapping
Students can use concept mapping to:
• Organize and structure new material
• Increase learning by relating new and old knowledge
• Map out relationships between things such as vocab words, characters in a story,
events in history, etc.
• Plan/outline writing projects
• Design their own representations of knowledge
• Brainstorm new ideas
• Take notes
• Create study guides
• Design complex structures
Venn Diagram
• A Venn diagram is a graphic organizer consisting of two or more
overlapping circles used to compare and contrast information. Venn
diagrams encourage higher order thinking by enabling students to go
beyond simply identifying similarities and differences to see the
relationships between and among the information.
Example:
Venn Diagram
• Venn diagrams are useful in all grade levels and across the
curriculum. In the earlier grades, students use them to
compare and contrast and note relationships between two
simple concepts, such as two different mammals or famous
people, while at the upper grades Venn diagrams encourage
students to think deeply about the connections between two or
more complex concepts, such as the causes of World War II,
noting their similarities and differences.
Word Pyramid
• Word pyramids entail the breakdown of words, presenting them in pyramid form.
They are often used to help students in memorizing vocabulary and spelling.
They begin with the desired word's first letter and work their way down to the
finished product. A word pyramid can be created in just a few steps.
• Example: Here’s a Word Pyramid that goes from A to BRANDS
A
AN
AND
BAND
BRAND
BRANDS
You add one letter at each level, and each level has to be a valid word.
