Nota “ Staircase “

CONCRETE STAIRCASE
STRUCTURE
Types of staircase according to materials of
construction:

1. Concrete staircase 2. Timber staircase

Types of staircase according to materials of
construction:

3. Steel staircase 4. Combination of 1, 2 and/or 3

staircase
Types of staircase according to construction:
• 1. Straight flight stair • 2. Dog leg/Half turn stair

• 3. Quarter turn stair

• 4. Open well stair

• 5. Geometrical stair
Staircase can be divided into 3 main components:
• a. Staircase structure
• b. Handrailing and balustrading
• c. Staircase finishes

b.

a.
TAKING OFF LIST : CONCRETE STAIRCASE
STRUCTURE
Concrete to
a) Staircase & Landing slab & Landing beam M3 ( F.3.1
M3 and
M3 F.3.16 )

Formwork to
a) sloping soffit of staircase M2 (F.12.1)
b) riser M (F.12.5)
c) sides and soffit of landing beam M2 (F.14.1 )
d) soffit of landing slab M2 (F.12.1)
e) string M (F.12.5)

Reinforcement to
a) Staircase & Landing beam & landing slab KG (F.8.2 ,F.8.4.f
KG And
KG F.9.3)
Concrete to staircase
• Concrete to staircase is measured in CUBIC METRES including strings and landings
(F.3.1 and F.3.16).
• To find the volume of concrete to staircase:
• Vol. of s/case = Total volume of steps + Volume of waist
• Vol. of waist = Length of sloping flight of stair x Width of flight x Thickness of waist
• Vol. of step = ½ x (Width of tread x Height of riser x Width of flight)
• (This is the volume of ONE step. It must be multiplied by the number of steps in
the flight).
• Vol. of landing beam = Length of beam x width of beam x depth of beam
• Volume of landing slab = Length of slab x width of slab x thickness of slab
 0.3m
0.18m

0.10m
 Staircase

Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described:

To Staircase M3

(F.3.1 and F.3.16)

5 Steps Length Width Depth
0.5 2500
2.50 180 100
0.18
0.10

3.35 Waist Length Width Depth

2.50 3350 2500 300
0.30
Formwork to sloping soffit of staircase
• Measured in SQUARE METRES (F.12.1) and normally the slope is
exceeding 15’ from horizontal.
• If the height is exceeding 3.50 m high, then it must be measured in
stages of 1.50 m (F.10.9).
• Area of formwork = Sloping length of flight x Width of flight of
staircase (m2). 3.50m 5.00m 6.00m
Formwork to riser
• Measured in LINEAR METRE and stating the height of riser in the
following categories:
• Not exc. 250 mm
• 250 mm – 500 mm
• Where exc. 500 mm, the actual height shall be stated. ( Refer F.12.5 )
• The length of formwork refers to the width of the flight of stair i.e
width of riser.

Length o
f riser
 Staircase

Sawn formwork as described:

To riser not exceeding 250 mm high M

(F.12.5 )

Riser Length
5 2500
2.50
Formwork to sides and soffit of landing beam
• Measured in SQUARE METRE similar to other suspended beam.
• Note: There are staircase designed without landing beams.
• Area of formwork = Length of beam x girth of two sides and one soffit
(measured up to the landing slab).
 Staircase

Sawn formwork as described:

To sides and soffit of landing beam M2

(F.14.1 )

Lenght
2.50 2500

400
200
1.00
Girth
2.50 200 400
200
200
1000
Formwork to soffit of landing slab
• Measured in SQUARE METRE similar to measurement of formwork to
sloping soffit of staircase. (F.12.1)

Soffit of landing slab

Formwork to open string
• Measured on BOTH SIDES of the flight of staircase in METRE (F.12.5).
• Usually the ‘extreme width’ is stated in the description.
• Length of open string = Length of sloping flight of stair.

Open string
 Staircase

Sawn formwork as described:

To sides of sloping open string of staircase 375 mm (extreme) M

width including cutting to profile of treads and risers
(F.14.1 )

Length
3.35 3350
375mm

mm
3 50
3
Reinforcement to staircase
• F.8.4 Classification of bar reinforcement shall be as follows:
• (f) In steps, staircases and strings and associated landings (slab and
beam) (grouped together).

• Therefore, measurement of ALL reinforcement in staircase shall be

grouped together according to:
• i) Type of steel used
• ii) Diameter of bar used
• iii) Shape of bar i.e straight or bend bars, curved bars, links or stirrups.
• There are several types of bars reinforcement in staircase:
• 1. In staircase - lateral and longitudinal bars
• 2. In landing slab - similar to bars in suspended slab
• 3. In landing beam - main bar (top and bottom) and stirrups.
 Staircase

High tensile bar reinforcement as described:

12 mm diameter bar in staircase M

(F.8.2 )

3.50 (longitudinal – s/case)

1.80 ( lateral – s/case )
2.10 ( landing slab)
2.85 (top main bar – landing beam)
HANDRAILING AND
BALUSTRADING
HANDRAILING AND BALUSTRADING
Types of handrailing and balustrading;
• a. Timber handrail
• b. Metal handrail
• c. Combination of (a) and (b)
a. Timber handrail
• Measured in LINEAR METRE stating the cross sectional dimension
(M.13.1.g).
 Staircase

Wrot ‘Chengal’ timber as described:

50 mm x 180 mm handrail with rounded top edge and grooved at M

bottom to receive mild steel core plate (m/s).
(M.13.1.g )

3.80 (Flight of s/case)

2.80 (Landing)
b. Core plate/rail
• Mild steel core plates are used with timber handrail if the balusters
are made of mild steel.
• Measured in LINEAR METRE stating the size (P.5.3).
 Staircase

Core plate/rail

22 mm x 6 mm thick mild steel flat core plate, countersunk and M

drilled at 450 mm centres for and including screws to underside
of timber handrail (m/s). (P.5.3 )

3.80 (Flight of s/case)

2.80 (Landing)
c. Metal handrail
• Usually made of rectangular hollow section mild steel, circular hollow
stainless steel or other type of metal.

• Measured in LINEAR METRE stating the size (P.5.3).

 Staircase

Metal handrail

75 mm x 38 mm x 9 mm thick rectangular hollow section handrail M

welded to mild steel balusters/brackets (m/s).
(P.5.3 )

3.80 (Flight of s/case)

2.80 (Landing)
Handrail brackets
• If handrail brackets are used with metal handrail, it is measured in
NUMBER and described stating the size ( P.5.5).
 Staircase

Handrail brackets

19 mm x 19 mm mild steel brackets 150 mm long, once bent, one Nr.

end welded to handrail (m/s) and the other end fishtailed and
built into brickwork/concrete. (P.5.5 )

27 (Flight of s/case)

12 (Landing)
Balusters
• Balusters are measured in NUMBER describing the type of metal
used, dimension, thickness or substance and the method of fixing
(P.1.1 and P.5.6).
 Staircase

Balusters

19 mm x 19 mm x 6 mm thick square hollow section baluster 905 Nr.

mm long, one end welded to handrail/core plate(m/s) and the
other end welded to and including 50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm thick
base plate and cast into concrete stair(m/s). (P.1.1 and P.5.6 )

27 (Flight of s/case)

12 (Landing)
Balustrades
• P.5.1 Balustrades and railing other than fencing shall each be given
separately in METRES stating the height , the type, size and nature of
the post or other supports.
• Balustrades ialah satu set baluster , newel post , handrail
 Staircase

Balustrades

19 mm x 19 mm x 6 mm thick square hollow section baluster 905 M

mm long, one end welded to handrail/core plate(m/s) and the
other end welded to and including 50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm thick
base plate and cast into concrete stair(m/s). (P.5.1)

3.80 (Flight of s/case)

2.80 (Landing)