COMPOSITE CLIMATE
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MAJOR STATES UNDER
COMPOSITE CLIMATIC ZONE
•Punjab
•Haryana
• Madhya Pradesh
•Uttar Pradesh
•Chhattisgarh
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• SOME OTHER STATES
•Rajasthan
•Bihar
•Jharkhand
COMPOSITE CLIMATE
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• COVERS THE CENTRAL PART OF INDIA
• TWO MAIN SEASONS – Hot and dry , warm
and humid
• CITIES : NEW DELHI , KANPUR, ALLAHABAD
• TEMPERATURE : IN SUMMER – 32-43 degree celcius (day)
27-32 degree celcius (night)
IN WINTER – 10-25 degree celcius (day)
4-10 degree celcius (night)
• HUMIDITY : 20 - 25% - Dry Periods
55 – 95% - Wet Periods
COMPOSITE CLIMATE
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• VARIABLE LANDSCAPE AND SEASONAL VEGETATION
• SOLAR RADIATION : High intensity in summer
Low in monsoon
• PRECIPITATION : 500-1300 mm PER YEAR
• WINDS : Strong –MONSOONS
Hot And Dusty –SUMMER
Dry , Cold Winds In –WINTER
• SKY CONDITIONS : CLEAR –WINTER
DULL –MONSOON
FREQUENTLY HAZY –SUMMER
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
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COURTYARD TYPE BUILDINGS ARE VERY SUITABLE
LARGE PROJECTIONS EAVES AND VERANDAHS
ROOF INSULATION AND WALL INSULATION
THICKER WALLS
AIR LOCKS AND BALCONIES
WEATHER STRIPPING
PALE COLOURS AND GLAZED CHINA MOSAIC TILES
EXHAUSTS
TREES AND WATER BODIES FOR EVAPORATIVE COOLING
DEHUMIDIFIERS AND DESICCANT COOLING
LARGE OPENING IN OPPOSITE WALLS
APPROPRIATE ORIENTATION AND SHAPE OF BUILDING
CAVITY WALLS , TERRACE GARDENS
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
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ORIENTATIONS
THE ORIENTATION OF THE HOUSES
SHOULD BE SUCH THAT
PENETRATION OF THE SUN RAYS
MAXIMUM IN WINTER AND
MINIMUM IN SUMMER . PROPER
ORIENTATION ALSO HELPS IN
RECEIVING NATURAL LIGHT AND
VENTILATION.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
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WATER BODIES
WATER ABSORBS RELATIVELY LARGE
AMOUNT OF RADIATIONS . IT ALSO
ALLOW EVAPORATIVE COOLING . AS A
RESULT , DURING THE DAYTIME AREAS
AROUND WATER BODIES ARE GENERALLY
COOLER. AT NIGHT , HOWEVER THE
WATER BODIES RELEASE RELATIVELY
LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT TO THE
SURROUNDINGS AND USED FOR
STUDY OF THE LOCAL BUILDINGS
CLIMATIC CONSEDERATIONS
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• WINDOW SHADES
WINDOW SHADES SHOULD CUT OFF SUN
IN THE SUMMER BUT ALLOW THE SUN
IN THE UNDERHEATED PERIOD .
FURTHER , THE WINDOW SECTION
SHOULD ENHANCE AIR VELOCITY
WHILE STILL ACTING AS SHADE . THIS
COULD BE ACHIEVED EITHER BY
INTRODUCING A PLANTER AT THE
WINDOW SILL OR ELSE BY ADDING
SMALLER SHADES AT THE GLAZING
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
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• PROJECTIONS
LARGE PROJECTIONS EAVES AND
WIDE VERANDAHS ARE NEEDED
IN COMPOSITE CLIMATE AS OUT
DOOR LIVING AREAS , TO
REDUCE SKY GLARE , KEEP OUT
THE RAIN AND PROVIDE
SHADES.
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
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• PLINTH
HIGH PLINTH IS PROVIDED TO
PREVENT THE RAINWATER
FROM COMING INSIDE THE
BUILDING.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
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• OPENINGS
TO REDUCE THE HUMIDITY AND FOR
VENTILATION OPENINGS (i.e. DOORS,
WINDOWS , VENTILATION AND
CORRIDOORS) ARE PROVIDED LARGE IN
NUMBER . A SMALL INLET OPENING
WITH A LARGE OUTLET PROVIDES THE
LARGEST AIR VELOCITY .
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION
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• POSITION OF OPENINGS
IN BUILDINGS AIR MOVEMENT MUST BE
ENSURED THROUGH THE SPACE
MOSTLY USED BY OCCUPANTS ;
THROUGH THE LIVING ZONE (UPTO 2m
HEIGHT)
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
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• VEGETATION
DECIDUOUS TREES, CREEPERS AND
VINES PROVIDE SHADE WHEN
NEEDED AND ALSO ALLOW THE SUN
RAYS TO PENETRATE INSIDE IN THE
COOL SEASON WHEN THEY LOOSE
THEIR FOLIAGE .
Case Study
Location of the house-
Madhya Pradesh border
The houses varied from
small single storied mud
structures or even more,in
the same pattern.
This is a study of a three
storied haveli belonging to
a zamindar.
Introduction
The main building of the
original haveli is
combined to the
courtyard, completing the
original traditional
dwelling as it would have
had been.
Plan and interior spaces
Spaces are arranged about
a central space which is the
main bedroom.
The plan is a rough 7×7 grid.
The wall thicknesses vary
from 1m and downwards.
Floor plans
Elevation and Roofing
A stepped pyramidal
structure with sloping
roofs.
No open terrace and
minimal openings.
Isometric view and the interior
detail of Haveli
Village Gatherings
• Gatherings of males of the village happened daily in the
evenings after the days work.
• Sometimes small scale social functions also happen here.
• This activity is completely public and thus no privacy is
required.
• Front verandah for minor and personal gatherings
• A large courtyard suitable for holding mini functions
• Seating outside the main gate.
Features Of The Building According To The
Climate
• The building seems to be built keeping in mind all the seasons.
• Though it is best suited for summers.
• The upper floors act as false ceiling.
• The side passage rooms act as wind channels.
• Absence of openings reduces the heat exchange to the minimum.
• The roof extends almost a meter beyond the walls, probably to
protect the heavy rainwater from soaking the walls.
• As well as to provide shade from the sun and prevent heating up
of the building.
• Front courtyard faces the north, preventing direct solar rays on
the most used part.
• The rear verandah can be used much more in winter due to sun’s
southern inclination.
SPECIFIC FEATURES
• To resist heat gain
• Increase the thermal resistance and capacity by maximizing the building
• depth.(the thick wall increases the time lag)
• Low utility upper floors acts as false ceiling.
• Light coloring to minimize heat absorption by walls.
• Promote heat loss. Vegetation to decrease
BUILDING MATERIAL
• Timber framework.
• Light blue color for walls
• Mud walls
• Building materials are completely local:
• Framework is done by teakwood found in the jungles nearby.
• Whenever stone is used (most importatntly as plinth) is the local stone. Grey Granite is found in the region.
• Walls are made up of mixture ;- mud+straw+cow dung
• The walls are colored with lime mixed with indigo,to give light blue colour.
• The tiles used for roof are clay burnt tiles
• .
THANK YOU
