STATICS
OF
RIGID
BODIES
BY: ENGR. CLAINIE GAY V. JADLOCON
TOPICS
PRINCIPLE OF STATICS
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Force System
Free body Diagram
Scalar and Vector Quantities
Force Vectors and Equilibrium of Particles
Vector Cross and dot product
BACK
TOPICS
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS
Forces and its Components
Resultant of 3 or more concurrent forces
Moment of a force
Principle of moment
Varignon’s Theorem
Resultant of parallel Force
Couples
Equivalent Force Systems
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Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Mechanics
Defined as that branch of the physical
sciences concerned with the state of rest or
motion of bodies that are subjected to the
action of forces.
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Three branches of Mechanics
Rigid body mechanics
Deformable body mechanics
Fluid mechanics
Rigid Body - body which does not deform under the influence of
forces. In all real applications, there is always deformation,
however, many stuctures exhibit very small deformations under
normal loading conditions, and rigid body mechanics can be used
with sufficient accuracy in those cases. Also, the principles of rigid
body mechanics are some of the building blocks needed for the
mechanics of deformable bodies.
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Deformable body mechanics - deals with how forces are
distributed inside bodies, and with the deformations caused
by these internal force distributions. These internal force
produce "stresses" in the body, which could ultimately result
in the failure of the material itself. Principles of rigid body
mechanics often provide the beginning steps in analyzing
these internal stresses, and resulting deformations.
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Two areas of rigid- body mechanics
Statics
Dynamics
Statics deals with equilibrium of bodies, that is, those that
are either at rest or move with a constant velocity whereas
Dynamics is concerned with the accelerated motion of
bodies
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
400 BC Archytus of Tarentum - Theory of Pulleys
287-212 BC Archimedes - Lever equilibrium, buoyancy principle
1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci - Equilibrium, concept of moments
1473-1543 Copernicus - Proposed that the earth revolves around the sun
1548-1620 Stevinus - Inclined planes, parallelogram law for addition of forces
1564-1642 Stevinus, Galileo - Virtual work principles
1564-1642 Galileo - Dynamics of pendulums, falling bodies
1629-1695 Huygens - Accurate measurement o fthe acceleration due to gravity
1642-1727 Newton - Law of universal gravitation, laws of motion
1654-1722 Varignon - Work with moment and force relationships
1667-1748 Bernoulli - Application of virtual work to equilibrium
1707-1793 Euler - Rigid body systems, moments of inertia
1717-1783 D'Alembert - Concept of inertia force
1736-1813 Lagrange - Formalized generalized equations of motion
1792-1843 Coriolis - Work with moving frames of reference
1858-1947 Planck - Quantum mechanics
1879-1955 Einstein - Theory of relativity
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Fundamental Quantities
Length - is the quantity used to describe the position of
a point in space relative to another point. This distance
is described in terms of a standard unit of length. The
universally accepted standard unit for length is the
meter.
Time - is the interval between two events. The
generally accepted standard unit for time is the second.
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
- Mass is a property of matter. Mass can be
considered to be the amount of matter contained
in a body. The mass of a body determines both the
action of gravity on the body, and the resistance to
changes in motion. This resistance to changes in
motion is referred to as inertia, which is a result of
the mass of a body. The internationally accepted
unit of mass is the kilogram, which is defined as
the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram,
a platinum-iridium mass stored near Paris, France.
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Force is a derived unit, but a very important unit in the study
of mechanics. Force is often defined as the action of one body
on another. Force may or may not be the result of direct
contact between bodies. Gravitational, and electromagnetic
forces are examples of forces which result from actions other
than direct contact. Forces have both magnitude and
direction, and are vectors. Force interactions always occur in
equal but opposite pairs. There are two principle effects of
forces, they tend to change the motion of a system, and they
tend to deform a system. If the body neither changes its
motion nor deforms, then other resisting forces must be
developed on the body. These resisting forces will be of
primary concern in out study of statics. The basic unit of
force is the Newton in the SI system and the pound in the
English system.
LAWS OF MOTION
Fundamental Concepts and Definition
Newton's Laws of Motion
First Law: A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in
motion will remain at a uniform speed in a straight line,
unless it is acted on by an imbalanced force.
Second Law: If an imbalanced force is applied to a body, the
body will accelerate in the direction of the imbalance, with
a magnitude proportional to the imbalance.
Third Law: For every action, there is an equal but opposite
reaction.
BACK
A magician pulls a tablecloth out from under dishes and
glasses on a table without disturbing them.
A person�s body is thrown outward as a car rounds a curve
on a highway.
Rockets are launched into space using jet propulsion where
exhaust accelerates out from the rocket and the rocket
accelerates in an opposite direction.
A picture is hanging on a wall and does not move.
A person not wearing a seatbelt flies through a car window when
someone slams on the breaks because the person�s body wants to
remain in continuous motion even when the car stops.
Pushing a child on a swing is easier than pushing an adult on the
same swing, because the adult has more inertia.
A soccer ball accelerates more than a bowling ball when thrown with
the same force.
A soccer player kicks a ball with their foot and their toes are left
stinging.
A student leaves a pencil on a desk and the pencil stays in the same
spot until another student picks it up.
Two students are in a baseball game. The first student hits a ball very
hard and it has a greater acceleration than the second student who
bunts the ball lightly.
Concurrent -
Coplanar
NonConcurrent -
Coplanar
Concurrent -
NonCoplanar
NonConcurrent -Non
Coplanar
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SCALAR – a quantity that has magnitude only.
VECTOR – a quantity that possesses
magnitude and direction and obeys the
parallelogram law for addition.
SCALAR QUANTITIES
TEMPERATURE
TIME
SPEED
VECTOR QUANTITIES
FORCE
VELOCITY
DISPLACEMENT
EQUALITY OF VECTORS
Two vectors A and B are said to be equal, written as A=B
if :
their magnitude are equal that is A=B
they have the same direction
SCALAR – VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
The multiplication of scalar m and a vector A, written as
mA or as Am, is defined as :
If m is positive, mA is the vector of magnitude mA that
has the same direction as A.
If m is negative, mA is the vector of magnitude |m|A
that is oppositely directed to A.
If m = 0, mA (called the null or zero vector ) is a vector
of zero magnitude and arbituary direction.
UNIT VECTORS
A unit vector is a dimensionless vector with magnitude 1.
Therefore, if λ represents a unit vector (|λ| = 1) with
the same direction as A, we can write
A = Aλ
PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIANGLE LAW
PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIANGLE LAW
1.
PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIANGLE LAW
PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIANGLE LAW
2.
3.
PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIANGLE LAW
