CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering
Introduction to Database Concepts
Lecture 02
CSC 401: Database Management System
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
A data-oriented methodology to create and maintain
information systems
Top-down planning approach.
Four steps:
Planning
Results in an Information Systems Architecture
Analysis
Results in functional specifications…i.e. what we want
Design
Results in design specifications…i.e. how we’ll do it
Implementation
Results in final operational system
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
1. Planning:
Purpose: To develop a preliminary understanding of a business
situation and how information systems might help solve a problem
or make an opportunity possible
Enterprise modeling
Analyze current data processing
Analyze the general business functions and their database needs
Justify need for new data and databases in support of business
Conceptual data modeling
Identify scope of database requirements for proposed information system
Analyze overall data requirements for business function(s) supported by
database
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
2. Analysis
Purpose: To analyze the business situation thoroughly to determine
requirements, to structure those requirements, and to select among competing
system features.
Conceptual data modeling, cont’d.
Develop preliminary conceptual data model, including entities and relationships
Compare preliminary conceptual data model with enterprise data model
Develop detailed conceptual data model, including all entities, relationships,
attributes, and business rules
Make conceptual data model consistent with other models of information
system
Populate repository with all conceptual database specifications
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
3. Design
Purpose: To elicit and structure all information requirements; to
develop all technology and organizational specifications.
Logical database design
Analyze in detail the transactions, forms, displays, and inquiries (database
views) required by the business functions supported by the database
Integrate database views into conceptual data model
Identify data integrity and security requirements, and populate repository
Physical database design and definition
Define database to DBMS (often generated from repository)
Decide on physical organization of data
Design database processing programs
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
4. Implementation
Purpose: To write programs, build databases, test and install the new
system, train users, and finalize documentation
Database implementation
Code and test database processing programs
Complete database documentation and training materials
Install database and convert data from prior systems
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
5. Maintenance
Purpose: To monitor the operation and usefulness of the system,
and to repair and enhance the system
Database maintenance
o Analyze database and database applications to ensure that evolving
information requirements are met
o Tune database for improved performance
o Fix errors in database and database applications and recover database
when it is contaminated
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Alternative Approaches to Database and IS Development
SDLC
System Development Life cycle
Detailed, well-planned development process
Time-consuming, but comprehensive
Long development cycle
Prototyping
Rapid application development (RAD)
Cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling.
Define database during development of initial prototype.
Repeat implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions.
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
SDLC
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Prototype method
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Prototype method
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Prototype method
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Prototype method
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Prototype method
CSE
Department Computer CSC 401: database Management System
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Agile
Agile software development
An approach to database and software development that
emphasizes “individuals and interactions over processes
and tools, working software over comprehensive
documentation, customer collaboration over contract
negotiation, and response to change over following a plan.”
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Agile Method
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
People Involved in Database Development
Project A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an
objective that has a beginning and an end.
Business analysts – Domain experts and transfer the knowledge to IT
Systems analysts – Expert in understanding system
Database analysts and data modeler -
Users
Programmers
Database architects
Database/data administrators
Project manager – managing the project
Other technical experts
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
IS Structure
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering Database Group
Database Architecture
Three Schema Architecture.
Internal Level (Physical Level) closest to physical storage,
describe the physical storage structure of database.
External Level (Logical Level) closest to users, describe a
part of database that a particular user is interested in.
Conceptual Level indirection between the others describe
the whole database for a community user.
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Three Schema Database Architecture
End Users
External External External Level
View 1 View n
external/conceptual Mapping
Conceptual Level
Conceptual schema
Conceptual/internal Mapping
Internal Schema Internal Level
Stored Database
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Database Language
Data Definition Language (DDL) used by DBA, DB designer.
Storage Definition Language (SDL), used for internal schema.
View Definition Language (VDL) specify users’ views.
Data Manipulation Language (DML) used for manipulating the
data.
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
DBMS Interface
Menu based Interface
Graphics Interface
Forms-based Interface
Natural Language Interface
Interfaces for parametric Users
Interfaces for DBA
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
The Elements of the Analysis Model
The Analysis Model must achieve 3 primary objectives:
Describe what the customer requires
Establish a basis for the creation of a software design
Define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software
is built.
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Data Modeling
Answers specific questions about:
primary data objects Entity.
composition and attributes of each data object
relationships between different objects.
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
Thank You
CSE
Department Computer
Science
of &Engineering CSC 401: database Management System Database Group
