SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
Presented by –
SULAKSHANA KHATONIYAR
Roll no. 1011021
Research scholar
Gauhati University
CONTENTS – Mixed sampling
technique
• Concepts of sampling,
population and sample
• Purpose of sampling
• Sampling techniques
– Further classification of
sampling techniques
– Probability sampling
techniques
– Non-probability sampling
techniques
CONCEPTS OF
SAMPLING, POPULATION • The selected part, used to ascertain
AND SAMPLE the characteristics of the
population is called “sample”.
• The terminology "sampling"
indicates the selection of a part of
a group or an aggregate with a
view to obtaining information
about the whole.
• This aggregate or the totality of all
members is known as
“population” or “universe”.
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
Why
sample?
Accuracy of Time efficient Cost effective Convenience
results
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability sampling Non-probability Mixed sampling
sampling
The sample is chosen in All the units do not These techniques
display some
such a manner that all stand a chance to be characteristics of
the elements present in included in the sample.
probability sampling
the universe have an The basis of sampling is
equal chance of being the free will of the and some characteristics
of a non-probability
represented in the researcher.
sample. sampling.
FURTHER CLASSIFICATION OF SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
• The population is homogeneous.
PROBABILITY • Before proceeding for simple
random sampling, the desired size
SAMPLING of the sample must be finalized.
TECHNIQUES
Simple random sampling:
• Units are selected to be in the
sample in a random fashion.
• There is no systematic choosing.
Stratified random sampling:
• In some cases, the population to be sampled is not homogenous.
• Such a population is divided into a number of sub-populations called
strata, each of which is homogeneous.
• The sample elements are then selected from each stratum at random.
Stratified random sampling is of two types:
Proportionate stratified random Disproportionate stratified random
sampling sampling
All strata contribute to the sample a All strata contribute the same number of
number that is proportional to its size in sampling elements to the sample
the population OR
Greater representation is given to some
substrata and not enough weight to
other substrata
Disproportionate
stratified sample
Proportionate
stratified sample
Cluster (or area) sampling:
• It involves division of the population into clusters that serve
as primary sampling units.
• The researcher proceeds to interview all elements of the
randomly drawn areas or clusters.
• It involves the selection of sample
units within each stratum on the
NON-PROBABILITY basis of the judgement of the
researcher rather than random
SAMPLING selection.
TECHNIQUES • Also referred to as ‘poor man’s
proportionate stratified sample’ .
Quota sampling:
• The investigator recognizes
different strata of the population.
Convenience sampling:
• Also known as accidental or incidental sample, it refers to
samples that have been drawn because of the easy availability
of units.
• Any attempt to arrive at generalized conclusion in such cases
will be erroneous and misleading.
Purposive (or judgemental) sampling:
• The researcher selects a sample based on his /her experience
or knowledge of the group to be sampled.
• The primary focus is on identifying subjects who can provide
rich information for in-depth study about the particular topic
and setting.
• For example, for study of ‘gifted’ children, the researcher, on
the basis of his/her past experience, selects certain individuals
with extra ordinary performance in school while excluding all
others from the sample.
Snowball sampling:
• Process of selecting a sample using networks of friends and acquaintances.
• It involves selecting a few people who can identify still others who might
be good participants for a study.
• Used when the researcher seeks to study a ‘hidden’ population which is not
easily identifiable; such as drug addicts, hardened criminals, sex workers
etc.
MIXED SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Systematic sampling:
• The researcher makes a list of the population units based on
some order - alphabetical, seniority, street number, house
number or any such factor.
• Every nth person from the list is selected.
• For instance, selecting every 3rd roll number in a class of 60
students.
REFERENCES
Singh, A.K. (1996). Tests, Measurements and Research Methods
in Behavioural Sciences (6th ed.). Bharati Bhawan Publishers &
Distributors.
