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Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

This document contains lecture notes from a Mechanics of Materials course covering topics related to torsion including: - Stress concentrations caused by things like flanges, keys, and cross-section changes can increase stresses above uniform calculations. - Plastic deformation and residual stresses occur when materials yield under high torques. The stress-strain curve must then be used to determine stresses. - Noncircular shafts have more complex stress distributions than circular shafts. Approximations are used like for rectangular sections. - Thin-walled hollow shafts are analyzed using shear flow theory with stresses inversely proportional to wall thickness. An example problem calculates shear stresses in an aluminum tube under torque loading with

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Sahar Batool Qazi
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96 views11 pages

Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

This document contains lecture notes from a Mechanics of Materials course covering topics related to torsion including: - Stress concentrations caused by things like flanges, keys, and cross-section changes can increase stresses above uniform calculations. - Plastic deformation and residual stresses occur when materials yield under high torques. The stress-strain curve must then be used to determine stresses. - Noncircular shafts have more complex stress distributions than circular shafts. Approximations are used like for rectangular sections. - Thin-walled hollow shafts are analyzed using shear flow theory with stresses inversely proportional to wall thickness. An example problem calculates shear stresses in an aluminum tube under torque loading with

Uploaded by

Sahar Batool Qazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Course Title : Mechanics Of Materials


Course Code : MM-205
Year: S.E

1-1
Lecture 3 c

1-2
Stress Concentrations
• The derivation of the torsion formula,
Tc
 max 
J
assumed a circular shaft with uniform
cross-section loaded through rigid end
plates.
• The use of flange couplings, gears and
pulleys attached to shafts by keys in
keyways, and cross-section discontinuities
can cause stress concentrations
• Experimental or numerically determined
concentration factors are applied as
Tc
 max  K
J

3-3
Plastic Deformations
• With the assumption of a linearly elastic material,
Tc
 max 
J
• If the yield strength is exceeded or the material has
a nonlinear shearing-stress-strain curve, this
expression does not hold.
• Shearing strain varies linearly regardless of
material properties. Application of shearing-stress-
strain curve allows determination of stress
• distribution.
The integral of the moments from the internal stress
distribution is equal to the torque on the shaft at the
section,
c c
T     2 d   2   2 d
0 0

3-4
Residual Stresses
• Plastic region develops in a shaft when subjected to a
large enough torque
• When the torque is removed, the reduction of stress
and strain at each point takes place along a straight line
to a generally non-zero residual stress
• On a T-f curve, the shaft unloads along a straight line
to an angle greater than zero
• Residual stresses found from principle of
superposition

Tc     dA  0
 
m
J
3-5
Torsion of Noncircular Members
• Previous torsion formulas are valid for
axisymmetric or circular shafts
• Planar cross-sections of noncircular
shafts do not remain planar and stress
and strain distribution do not vary
linearly

• For uniform rectangular cross-sections,


T TL
 max  
c1ab2 c2 ab3G
• At large values of a/b, the maximum
shear stress and angle of twist for other
open sections are the same as a
rectangular bar.

3-6
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts
• Summing forces in the x-direction on AB,
 Fx  0   A  t Ax    B  t B x 
 At A  Bt B   t  q  shear flow

shear stress varies inversely with thickness

• Compute the shaft torque from the integral


of the moments due to shear stress
dM 0  p dF  p  t ds   q pds  2q dA
T   dM 0   2q dA  2qA
T

2tA
• Angle of twist (from Chapt 11)
TL ds
 
4 A2G t

3-7
Example 3.10
Extruded aluminum tubing with a rectangular
cross-section has a torque loading of 24 kip-
in. Determine the shearing stress in each of
the four walls with (a) uniform wall thickness
of 0.160 in. and wall thicknesses of (b) 0.120
in. on AB and CD and 0.200 in. on CD and
BD.
SOLUTION:
• Determine the shear flow through the
tubing walls
• Find the corresponding shearing stress
with each wall thickness

3-8
Example 3.10
SOLUTION: • Find the corresponding shearing
stress with each wall thickness
• Determine the shear flow through the
tubing walls
with a uniform wall thickness,
q 1.335 kip in.
 
t 0.160in.
  8.34 ksi

with a variable wall thickness


1.335 kip in.
 AB   AC 
A   3.84 in. 2.34 in.  8.986in.2 0.120in.
T 24 kip - in. kip  AB   BC  11.13 ksi
q 

2 A 2 8.986in.2

1 . 335
in.
1.335 kip in.
 BD   CD 
0.200in.
 BC   CD  6.68 ksi

3-9
Practice Problems

• Examples 3.01 to 3.03, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07, 3.10


• Sample Problems 3.1 to 3.5, 3.9
• Exercise Problems 3.1 to 3.22 , 3.31 to 3.41

3 - 10
The End

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