Koya University

Faculty of Engineering
Petroleum Engineering 4th Stage

Drilling Well Design

Drill String Components

Prepared by: Supervised by:
Ahmed Jalal Hasan Dr. Ali Kamal
Muhammed Fuad Rashid
Mohammad Hasan Aziz
Outline
• In Brief
• Kelly
• Drill Pipe
• Tool Joints
• HWDP
• BHA
• Drill Collars
• Stabilizers
• Jars
• Rollers with Reamers
• Drilling Bits
• Various Subs
• References
In Brief
• the main components of the drill string assembly are The Kelly, drill pipe, bottom
hole assembly (BHA), and drill bit .

• some of the things that may be found in the BHA are: Drill collars, stabilizers, jars,
reamers, shock subs, and bit subs are. Shock absorbers, Junk baskets, drilling jars,
reamers, and others.

• Other specific instruments: monitor-while drilling (MWD) tools and drill stem-
testing tools. And drill bit.
 Kelly
• Specific segment of pipe that is threaded onto the bottom of the swivel.

• It has either a square or hexagonal shape, Hexagonal is stronger than square.

• Used to send rotation and weight to bit vis via drill pipe and drill collars

• Kelly accessories such as:

• 1. Kelly saver sub; small sub connected to the Kelly at the bottom to protect its
threads from excessive wear.
• Kelly cock; small sub installed on the top of the Kelly, or below the saver sub to
protect equipment above Kelly from high pressure, can be used to shut in.
Drill Pipe
• Drill pipe is the most important component of the drill string, and it makes
up most of the drill string's upper section.
• It consists of a seamless pipe with threaded tool joints on both ends.
• The drill pipe is hollow and can carry fluid or transmitting wires through it.
• the degree of wear on the drill pipe is classified. It's classified as follows by
API:
• New
• Premium
• Class 2
• Class 3
Tool joints
• Tool joints are placed at each end of a length of drill pipe.

• Tool joints have additional issues, such as:

• when pipe is tripped out of the hole, the elevator supports the string weight
underneath the shoulder of the tool joint.
• frequent engagement of pins and boxes
• the threaded pin end of the pipe is frequently left exposed. If connections are
adequately lubricated (dope) and a constant torque is applied, tool joint life can be
significantly prolonged.
 Heavy Walled Drill Pipe (HWDP)
• HWDP is used to ensure a smooth transition between the sections of the
drill string components.

• HWDP is employed between normal drill pipe and drill collars.

• Benefits from HWDP:

• Lowering drilling costs.

• Improving the performance and depth capabilities of small rigs in shallow drilling areas.

• Reducing down hole drilling torque, and limiting the tendency to shift direction, it reduces costs on
directional drilling.

• Risk of differential pipe sticking is reduced.

Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
• BHA is a drill string component that sits directly above the drill bit and
beneath the drill pipe.
• BHA has some functions such as:
• protecting the drill pipe from excessive bending
• controlling direction and inclination in directional holes
• drilling more vertical holes.
• reducing severities of doglegs, key seats, and ledges
• assuring that casing can be run into a hole
• reducing rough drilling (rig and drill string vibrations)
• as a tool in fishing, testing, and work over operations.
Drill Collar (DC)
• Drill collars (DC) are huge, rigid steel tubulars with a larger outer diameter and a
smaller inner diameter than drill pipes.
• Drill collars serve a variety of purposes,
• Provide weight for the bit
• Provide the strength required to run in compression
• Reduce bit stability issues caused by vibrations, wobbling, and leaping
• Reduce directional control issues by stiffening the BHA.
• Drill collars come in a variety of sizes and shapes including:
• Round • Triangular
• square • spiral grooved
Stabilizers
• A stabilizer is a length of tubing with blades on the outside that is placed above
the bit. These blades can be straight or spiral, and stabilizers come in a variety of
shapes and sizes.
• Stabilizers, on the other hand, serve to:
• Controlling hole deviation.
• reducing the drill collars' buckling effect.
• Keeping the walls from thickening.
• Boosting the bit's performance.
• Higher WOB
• to centre drill collars in the hole and stiffen them
• Stabilizers are divided into two categories:
• Rotating Stabilizers
• Non-rotating Stabilizers
Figure 6\ Stabilizers
Jars
• Are used to generate upward or downward loads to loosen clogged
pipelines or release fish. They are. Above the point of neutrality .
• Drilling jars are classified into three categories according on how they work:
• Hydraulic Jars
• Mechanical Jars
• Oil Jars
are used When there are:
• sloughing forms
• several delicate shale formations.
• The mud system's suspending qualities are poor.
• The BHA has expensive equipment.
Reamers with rollers
• Drilling reamers are another name for roller reamers. They are made
up of stabilizer blades with rollers implanted in the blade's surface.
• The rollers might be composed of high-carbon steel or feature
tungsten carbide
• A roller reamer is an extremely helpful equipment for drilling
operations, particularly for the role of stability in abrasive formation
drilling
• It's also utilized to fix any hole issues like dog legs, ledges, and key
seats
Figure 7\ Roller Reamers
Drilling Bits
• A drilling bit is a cutting or boring tool that is attached to the drill
string at the end. Its primary purpose is to remove rock from the
hole's bottom.
• The drill bit is technically not part of the BHA. The BHA, on the other
hand, receives and generates axial and torsional loads.
• The bit scrapes, chips, gouges, or grinds the rock at the Figure 8\
Cross Over and Shock Subs 15 bottom of the hole to drill through IT
• There are numerous bit sizes available, ranging in diameter from 3 3/4
inches to 26 inches. The most popular sizes are 17 1/2, 12 1/4, 7 7/8,
and 6 1/4 inches
Various Subs
• Some various subs such as :
• Crossovers: are short pipe joints that link two pipes of various sizes or thread
types.
• Shock Subs: Vibration dampeners are another name for shock subs .
• They're usually mounted above the bit to alleviate stress caused by bouncing as
the bit travels through hard rock.
• The shock sub strokes rapidly up or down around a median point as the bit
bounces and or the assembly shake
• Shock subs' functions are to:
• minimize or eliminate vertical oscillations.
• maintain a consistent bit load
• extend bit life
• increase ROP
• reduce drill collar failures Figure 8\ Cross Over and Shock Subs
References
1. Rabia, H. (2001) Well Engineering and Construction. Halesowen: ENTEC.
2. Hossain, M. and Al-Majed, A., 2015. Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling
Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, pp.321-345.
3. Amri. R. (2021). Drill String Design BHA Design. [online] Academia.edu.
Available at:
<https://www.academia.edu/23705646/_Drill_String_Design_BHA_Design>
[Accessed 10 December 2021].