Bhagat phool Singh mahila Vishwavidyalaya

khanpur kalan , Sonipat

Topic :- Schizophrenia

Submitted to :-. Submitted by :-

I Sonia , student of BAMS final proff feel privileged to get this

■ Introduction
■ What is schizophrenia
■ Etiology
■ Epidemiology
■ Types of schizophrenia
■ Sign and symptoms
■ Pathophysiology
■ Diagnosis
■ Prognosis
■ Management
SCHIZOPHRENIA
What is schizophrenia?
■ Schizophrenia is a serious mental illnessThat
has effect on how person feels behave and
thinks .
■ It is a brain disorder
■ Often confused ‘Multiple personality disorder’
■ Schizophrenia literally means ‘fragmented
Mind’.
■ It is the most complex , Chronic And
challenging psychosomatic disorder .
■ It represents a heterogeneous Syndrome of
deorganised thoughts , delusion and
hallucination.
ETIOLOGY :-
While many factors are associated with developing
schizophrenia -Including genetics ,early environment,
Neurobiological and physiological and social
processes ,still main cause of this disease is unknown.
 Epidemiology :-
■ The prevalence of schizophrenia ranges
from 0.6 % to 1.9 % with an average of
approximately 1%.
■ Schizophrenia most commonly has its
onset in late adolescence or early
adulthood and rarely occur before
adolescence or after the age of 40 years the
peak age of onset Is 22 -38 years for male
and 26 to 32 years for female.
■ Slightly more men are diagnosed with
schizophrenia that women and women
tend to diagnose a later in the life than
men.
Types :-
■ Paranoid schizophrenia :-
Common form of schizophrenia prominent hallucinations or dilutions may
developed at a later age than other type of schizophrenia speech and
emotions may be unaffected at risk for suicidal or violent behaviour under
influence of delusions.
■ Hebephrenic deorganised schizophrenia
behaviour is deorganised and without purpose, thoughts are deorganised
difficulty to understand by others,
Prank, giggling, health complaint, grimacing, and mannerism are common
delusion and hallucination rating usually develop between 15 to 25.
■ Catatonic schizophrenia:- rather than other types at risk
for malnutrition, exhaust station or self injury, unusual
moment of an switching between extremes of over activity
and stillness ,unable to talk, catatonic
■ Undifferentiated schizophrenia:- some characteristics of
paranoid hebephrenic or catatonic schizophrenia but does
not obviously fit one of these types.
■ Residual schizophrenia:- past history of psychosis but only
having negative symptoms.
 Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Things That
Might Start Happening
■ Hallucinations. People with schizophrenia might
hear, see, smell, or feel things no one else does.
■ Delusions.:- These are beliefs that seem strange to
most people and are easy to prove wrong.
■ Confused thoughts and disorganized
speech. People with schizophrenia can have a hard
time organizing their thoughts.
■ Catatonia:- purple purposeless and Norman motor
activity or aggressive behaviour.
Cognitive Symptoms & Thinking Problems
These symptoms reflect how well the person’s brain learns, stores, and uses information.

Someone with schizophrenia might have a hard time with their working memory. For example, they may not
be able to keep track of different kinds of facts at the same time, like a phone number plus instructions.
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Things That Might Stop
Happening
Negative symptoms refer to an absence or lack of normal mental
function involving thinking, behavior, and perception. 

■ Flat affect:- reduced expression of emotions via facial expression aur voice tone.
■ Alogia:- reduced speech
■ Avolition :- inability to begin and sustain activities.
■ Reluctance to perform everyday task
• Prognosis.
There is no known cure for schizophrenia fortunately there are effective treatment that can reduce symptoms
decrease the like the likelihood that new episodes ofpsychosis will okka shorten the duration of psychotic episodes
and in general of for the majority of people the possibility of living more productive life .
With the proper medication and supportive counselling the ability of schizophrenic person to live and function
relatively well in society is excellent.
 Management
Hospitalization :-
During crisis period or times of severe symptoms hospitalization Mina sasarie to ensure safety proper nutrition and advocate sleep and basic hygiene.
Psychosocial interventions
Individual therapy :- psychotherapy may helps to normalise through thoughts pattern also learning to cope with stress and identify early warning signs of relapse and can
help people to manage their illness.
Social skills training:- this focuses on improving communications social interactions and improving the ability to participate in daily activities.
Vocational rehabilitation and supported employment this focuses on the helping people with schizophrenia prepare for find and keep jobs.