SCHIZOPHREN
IA
ASEÑAS & CARSANO
OUTLIN
Understand what
Schizophrenia is
E Assessment tools
Types Treatment
Physiologic
Symptoms process
Schizophrenia
The term schizophrenia was coined in 1908
by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler.
“schizo” (splitting)
“phren” (mind)
What is Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia
• is a psychotic condition characterized by a disturbance in
thinking, emotions, volitions, and faculties in the presence of
clear consciousness, which usually leads to social withdrawal.
• ranks among the top 15 causes of disability globally.
Age-onset:
Male
• Late adolescence - early 20s.
• Has early onset.
Female
• Early 20s to early 30s.
Types of Schizophrenia:
1. Paranoid Schizophrenia
• This is the most common type of schizophrenia. It may develop later
in life than other forms.
Symptoms:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
2. Catatonic Schizophrenia
• This is the rarest schizophrenia diagnosis, characterized by unusual,
limited and sudden movements. You may often switch between
being very active or very still.
Symptoms:
• Staring
• Not moving
• Parroting someone's movements or speech over and
• Not talking
over
• Sluggish response • Tapping feet or other repeated movements
Types of Schizophrenia:
3. Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
• Also known as ‘disorganized schizophrenia’, this type of schizophrenia
typically develops in ages 15-25 years old. They may have disorganized
speech patterns and others may find it difficult to understand.
Symptoms:
• Disorganized thinking
• Flat affect
• Unusual Speech Patterns
• Emotions that don't fit the situation.
4. Residual Schizophrenia
• only have negative symptoms, which entail a loss or decrease in social or
emotional function or two or more mild behavioral/cognitive disturbances.
Risk Factors:
Although the precise cause of schizophrenia isn't known, certain
factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering
schizophrenia, including:
1. Having a family history of schizophrenia
2. Some pregnancy and birth complications, such as malnutrition or
exposure to toxins or viruses that may impact brain development.
3. Taking mind-altering (psychoactive or psychotropic) drugs during
teen years and young adulthood
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms:
Hallucination Disorganized
• False perception on sight, smell, or touch. ➢ thinking
• Auditory hallucination is common.
• ➢ speech
Delusions ➢ behavior
Strong belief on somethings that is not true or
irrational to others.
•
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Negative Symptoms: 5As
Anhedonia
Avolition
Antisocial
Alogia
Affect
Diagnostic Evaluation
➢ History collection
➢ Mental status examination
➢ Blood test
Treatment
Pharmacological Management
a. Conventional (Typical) Antipsychotics
✓ treat positive symptoms
Haloperidol
PO: 5 – 100 mg/day ; IM: 5- 2O
mg/day
Treatment
Pharmacological Management
b. Atypical Antipsychotics
✓ treat positive and negative symptoms
Clozapine ; 25 to 450 mg/day po
Risperidone ; 2 to 10 mg/day po
Olanzapine ; 10 to 20 mg/day po
Treatment
Psychological Treatment
a. Individual Psychotherapy
b. Behavior Therapy
c. Group Therapy
d. Social Skills Training
Nursing Intervention
1. Establish trust and rapport
2. Keep the voice in a low manner and speak slowly as much as
possible.
3. Keep the environment calm, quiet, and as free of stimuli as
possible.
4. When you do not understand a client, let him/her know you are
having difficulty understanding.
5. Use therapeutic techniques (clarifying feelings when speech and
thoughts are disorganized) to try to understand the client’s concerns.
Nursing Intervention
6. Provide positive feedback and appreciation to the client.
7. Deal with hallucinations by presenting reality
8. Promoting Client Safety
9. Keep simple, basic, reality-based topics of conversation. Help the
client focus on one idea at a time.
10. Work with the client to find which activities help reduce anxiety
and distract the client from hallucinatory material. Practice new skills
with the client.
THAN
YOK
