VISHAL
Admsn. No.: 2021A105M
Submitted to:- Dr. Puneeth Raj
Dept.: Seed Science & Technology
[email protected]CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Introduction
• Linseed is one of the oldest
cultivated crops with oil and fiber
use.
• Canada is top producer in the world
• India- MP top both production &
area
• Origin Small Seeded Type : South-
western Asia
• Bold seeded type : Mediterranean
region including Asia Minor
Classification
• Family : Linaceae
• Genus : Linum
• Species : usitatissimum
• Chromosome no. : 2n=30
• Origin: South-Western Asia
and Mediterranean area of
Europe
• Common name : Alsi
Nutrition-
• Seed content a good percentage of oil 33- 47% in different
varieties.
• It contains 5.5 % N,
N 1.4-1.5 % P2O5, and 1.2-1.3 % K2O.
• Economic Importance-
• Used for preparation of paint , soap, varnishes, printing ink etc.
• Oil-Cake contains 36% protein out of which 85 % is digestible.
digestible
• It is also used as organic Manure.
Edible Uses
• Linseed oil is an edible oil in demand as a dietary
supplement, as a source of α-Linolenic acid, (an omega-3
fatty acid).
Botanical Description
• Root – Shallow main taproot and many
lateral roots.
• Stem- The stem is usually round to oval
• Leaves-alternate,
Leaves smooth, have three veins
• Flower- The corolla forms a tube, a funnel
or a bowl in horizontal view
Roots Leaves Stem
Floral Biology
• Inflorescence is usually cymose i.e. the
flowers are born in cymes.
• The flowers are pentamarous i.e. 5
free persistent sepals, 5 free petals, 5
stamens and gynoecium with 5 slender
styles are present
Calyx :
• The Sepals are 5 in number- ovate, ciliate, three- nerved,
acuminate and persistent.
Corolla:
• Petals are 5 in number and
their colour varies from
variety to variety.
• These color variations are
white with blue tinge, pale-
blue, deep-blue, violet, deep-
violet, soft- bluish violet,
purple or pink, bluish-pink.
(Pinkish Var. not find in India)
Androecium:
• The various parts of the
stamens including pollen,
exhibit wide coloured range.
• The filaments are white or
white with various shades of
blue or purple.
• The anthers are either white or
white with a blue line or blue.
• Pollen grains are blue, yellow
or white.
Gynoecium:
• The ovary is 5- celled; each locule more or less completely
divided into two by a false septum, resulting in a ten- roomed
capsule, each containing one ovule, developing into one
embryo.
• The five long styles are free to the base, with loose union at
the stigmatic ends.
• The stigma remains receptive for a period of 2 hours before
and 5 to 6 hours after opening of the flower i.e. stigma
receptivity is up to 8 hours.
Land requirement:
• Land should be free from volunteer plants.
• A well drained loamy to clay soils are ideal for its
cultivation.
• Acidic and saline soils are not suitable.
• Crop performs best in soils with 5-7 pH.
• Fine seedbed preparation.
Field preparation:
• Two to three ploughings are done with subsequent 2 to 3
harrowings.
• Seedbed should be free from weeds and other debris.
• Linseed requires firm fine seedbed free from compaction and
plough plan.
• There should be fewer larger clumps.
• To conserve moisture, it is advisable to create soil mulch with
the help of a hoe after each good shower.
Varieties
A few popular varieties are K-2, T-397, No.55, NP (RR) 9, S-4,
Jawahar-17, Jawahar-7 (R-7), M-10, Mayurbhanj, LC 185,
Hira, Mukta, Neelum, B-67, B.S.44
Seed rate and sowing method
• Line sowing is ideal.
• For small seeded varieties - 10 to 15 kg/ha.
For bold seeded varieties - 25 to 30 kg/ha.
• Spacing:
Spacing 20-30 X 7 -10 cm
• Broadcasting:-
Broadcasting 40 kg/ha.
Sowing time:
• Linseed is purely a cool season rabi crop.
• Temperate and cool climate conditions are best suited for
growth.
• Minimum temperature regime is 10o C while the maximum
is 38o C.
• Main season for sowing linseed is October to November.
November
Fertilizers requirement:
Sr. No. Nutirent Quantity (Kg/ha)
1 N 50
2 P 40
3 K 30
4 S 40
5 Zn 22.5
6 FYM 8000-10000
Water management:
• Two irrigation are sufficient to obtain good yield
• 1st - 30 - 40 DAS
• 2nd – before flowering stage
• If there are winter showers the crop no needs to irrigation.
Roguing:
• The off-type plants and severely diseased plants should be
rogued out from time to time as required
Pollination
Flowers self pollinated naturally and, although supplementary
pollination increased the percentage of flowers that
produced capsules and the number of seeds per capsule
Weed management:
• Critical period of Initial 3-6 weeks after sowing.
Anagallis arvensis Vicia hirsuta
Fumaria Parviflora Melilotus sp.
Phalaris minor Chenopodium album
Parasitized by Cuscuta sp.
Control.
Control
• Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS.
• Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha (pre.em.)
Diseases management
Sr. Disease Control
No.
1 Rust (Melampsora •Spray of moncozeb 75 WP @ 2 kg in
lini) 1000 ltr of water per hac. • Sulphur Dust
20 /kg @ per hac.
2 Powdery mildew Spray a wettable Sulphur 0.3%/ per ha.
(Oidium lini)
3 leaf spot (Alternaria seed treatment with Thiram & Bavistin @
lini) 2.5 g per kg of seed Spray Zineb @ 2.5 /kg
in 1000 ltr of water Per hac
Insect & Pest Control
Sr. No. Insect Symptoms Control
1 Midge destroying flower buds dusting of 2% methyl
cause gall formation parathion 25-30 kg/ ha
2 Leaf miner larva makes mines in the spray metasystox 25 EC or
leaves and feed inside daimethoid EC @ 1 ltr. In
1000 ltr of water per
hactere
Field Inspection
• A minimum of two inspections shall be made, the first
before flowering and the second at maturity and prior to
harvesting.
Maturity indicates and harvesting:
• When plant turn golden yellow and the capsules turn
brownish begins to dry up
• Harvesting to be done after 100 to 110 days.
• Harvested plants should be kept on sun for 3 to 4 days.
Yield:-
• Rainfed condition – 800-1000 kg/ha
• Irrigated condition – 1600-2000 kg/ha
• Protective irrigated condition – 1200-1500 kg/ha
Contaminants Minimumum Distance (meters)
Foundation Certified
Fields of other varieties 50 25
Fields of the same variety not 50 25
conforming to varietal purity
requirements for certification
Specific Requirements
Factor Factor Permissible limit
Foundation seed Certified seed
Pure seed (Minimum) 98.0% 98.0%
Inert matter (Maximum) 2.0% 2.0%
Other crop seeds (Maximum) 10/kg 20/kg
Weed seeds (Maximum) 5/kg 10/kg
Other distinguishable varieties (maximum) 10/kg 20/kg
Off types 0.05% 0.10%
Moisture (maximum) 9% 9%
For Vapour Proof Containers (max.) 7% 7%
At Final Inspection
Factor Factor Permissible limit
Foundation seed Certified seed
Off types 0.10% 0.20%
Plants affected by seed borne Diseases 0.10% 0.20%
Hybird Seed Production
• Breeding Technique for hybrid seed production :
Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system (CGMS)
1. Maintenance of parental lines (A-line, B-line and R-line)
2. Commercial hybrid seed production (A × R).
• Planting ratio : Foundation Seed : 4 : 2 Certified Seed : 6 : 2
Roguing :
Done in both lines • A line : seek for offtypes pollen shedder
and partials
• R line : Seek for early flowering plants,
rouges and diseased plants.
Character of offtypes : Variation in leaf colour, leaf waviness,
grain colour, shape, size, etc.
No. of field inspection : Three
• Seedling stage • Tillering stage • Grain formation stage
Harvesting and threshing:
Harvest the male row first and remove them from the field so
to avoid mechanical mixtures.
Then harvest the female rows.
Precautions should be taken while harvesting not mix male and
female plants.
Threshing should be done on a clean threshing floor.
SYMBOL OF TRUST
