CHAPTER 5
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Learning Objectives
• The student will able to:
• Know about the fundamentals of Database Management
System and
• Improve ourselves by taking valuable feedbacks from you
Introduction
• DBMS stands for Database Management System.
• DBMS is a software system for creating, organizing and
managing the database.
• It provides an environment to the user to perform
operations on the database for creation, insertion,
deletion, updating and retrieval of data.
What is Data ?
• • A collection of raw facts and figures.
• • Raw material that can be processed by any computing
machine.
• • A collection of facts from which conclusions may be
drawn.
• • Data can be represented in the form of: numbers and
words which can be stored in computer’s language.
• i.e. Paan Singh, Anshul 007
What is Information?
• Systematic and meaningful form
of data.
• Knowledge acquired through
study or experience
• Information helps human
beings in their decision making.
Database
• • A repository of logically related and similar data.
• • An organized collection of related information so that it
can easily be accessed, managed and updated.
• E.g.: Dictionary Airline Database Student Database
Library Railways Timetable YouTube
Data Models, Schema and Instances
• Data Models:
• -Describes structure of the database.
• -Aim is to support the development of information systems
by providing the definition and format of data.
• -If the same data structures are used to store and access
data then different applications can share data.
• -Classification:
• 1. High-Level Model
• 2. Representation Model
• 3. Low-Level Model
1. High-Level Model
• . High-Level Model
• • Ensures data requirement of the users.
• • Not concerned with representation, but it‟s a conceptual
form.
• • Three Important terms:
• a)Entity: - Any object, exists physically or conceptually.
• b)Attribute:- Property or characteristic of entity.
• c)Relationship:- Association or link b/w two entities.
• • These 3 terms make Entity-Relationship Model.
Entity-Relationship Model
2. Representation Model
• - Representation of data stored inside a database.
• - Describes the physical structure of the database.
• - It uses the concepts which are close to the end-users.
• Classification:
• a. Hierarchical
• b. Relational
• c. Network
Hierarchical Data Base
• Developed by IBM, is
the Oldest database
model.
• Represented using a
tree diagram (Parent-
Child Relationship)
• Node- Boxes
• Link- line connecting
nodes
Relational Database Model
• • Simplest and the most common model.
• • Developed in 1970 by E.F. Codd, it became commercial
in the 80s.
• • Data elements are stored in different tables made up of
rows and columns
Network Database Model
• • Represented using a Data-Structure Diagram.
• • Boxes represents the records & lines the links.
•
Schema
• - Logical structure of the database.
• - Doesn‟t show the data in database.
• - Classification:
• 1. Physical
• 2. Conceptual
• 3. External
Schema
• 1.Physical Schema: -Describes the physical storage of
database. -Not in terms of blocks or devices, but
describes organization of files, access path etc.
• 2. Conceptual Schema: -Describes structure of whole
database. -Describes entities their relationships and
constraints.
• 3.External Schema: -Provides a user‟s view of data. -
Shows relevant info particular to user, hides rest of the
info. -one or more levels.
• Instances: Actual data contained in database at a
particular point of time.
Components of Database System
• • Users- People who interact with the database:
• - Application Programmers.
• - End Users. Data
• - Data Administrators.
• -Users Components of database
• Software- Lies between the stored data
and the users:
• - Application Software.
• - User Interface.
• -Hardware Software
Components of Database System
• • Hardware- Physical device on which
database resides. Ex. Printer and
Computer
• Data- numbers, characters, pictures
• Ex. JLJM, 278, Pampanga
• Process- procedure, proceeding apply
to something that goes on or takes place
• Ex. Process Architecture
What is DBMS ?
• • A set of programs to access the interrelated data.
• • DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise.
• Computerized record keeping system.
• • Provides convenient environment to user to perform
operations:
• -Creation, Insertion, Deletion, Updating & Retrieval of
information.
Database Administrator (DBA)
• • Individual or a group, having centralized control of the
database.
• • Has a good understanding of database and coordinates
all activities of the database.
• • Functions:
• -Defines schema.
• -Defines storage structure and access method. -
Modification of both.
• -Granting user authority to access the database.
• - Monitoring performance and responding to changes.
Database Languages
• • Once data is filled, manipulation is required (insertion,
deletion, modification of data)
• • For these, a set of languages is provided by DBMS:
• 1. Data Definition Language.
• 2. Data Manipulation Language.
• 3. Data Control Language.
Database Languages -DBMS
• 1. Data Definition Language (DDL):
• -Used by DB designers to define schema.
• -DDL compiler converts DDL statements and generate a
set of tables which are stored in. e.g.: SQL
• 2. Data Manipulation Language (DML):
• -For accessing and manipulating the data. e.g.: SQL
• 3. Data Control Language (DCL):
• -Similar to a computer programming language used to
control access to data stored in a database. -operations
like: CONNECT, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,
EXECUTE, and USAGE. e.g.: SQL
• END OF PRESENTATION
