P & I DIAGRAM – CODING &
DECODING
With :
Haider Ejaz
WHY USE DIAGRAMS?
- Easy way to communicate information (a picture is
worth 1,000 words)
- Used by many people across disciplines
- Largely language independent (both linguistic and
discipline specific)
DIAGRAM HIERARCHY
LESS MORE
OVERALL BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD)
DETAILS PFD PFD
SCOPE
P&ID P&ID P&ID
MORE LESS
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM - BFD
PURPOSE:
To show the interconnection of main process sections for an entire
process
CONTAINS:
High level section blocks and interconnection of those sections
LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-Low
-One Block contains complete Section
WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
Used to train people on a process or to see a "Bird's eye view" of
the process
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
RECYCLING
SECTION
MATERIAL
PROCESSING
SECTION
LOADING SECTION
MATERIAL
RECEIVING
SECTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - PFD
PURPOSE:
To show all of the equipments needed for a process and how all of
it connected together
CONTAINS:
-An accurate representation of each equipment item
-High Level control strategies
-Heat and material balance tables
LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-Medium
-Each graphic represents a single piece of process equipment
WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
-General working document for early front end engineering
-Used as a graphic for Heat and material balance
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM-
P&ID
PURPOSE:
To show every thing needed to construct the process and how
they are connected together
LEVEL OF DETAILS:
-High
-Everypiping and instrumentation element for every piece of
equipment
WHEN IT IS REQUIRED?
The master document during the end of front end engineering
through detailed engineering, construction, and check out
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
Contd.
CONTAINS:
-Detailed representations of each piece of equipment with nozzle sizes
and connections
-Piping connectivity, valving, sizing and specifications
-Vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers and Expanders
-Process control and safety instrumentation
-Safety Relief devices
-Pressure/Temperature values and flow direction arrows
-Change of specification guidelines
-All Mechanical Equipments with names and Tags
-Main plant Interlocks
A SAMPLE P&ID
P&ID SYMBOLS- VALVES
Ball Valve (VB)
Plug Valve (VR)
Globe Valve (VD)
Check Valve (VDR) Butterfly Valve (VF)
Gate Valve (VS)
Three-way Valve
Four-way Valve
P&ID SYMBOLS- VALVES END CONNECTIONS
Welded Valve
Flanged Valve
P&ID SYMBOLS- CONTROL VALVES
Diaphragm operated
With Manual Hand wheel Motor Operated
M
Piston Operated Solenoid Operated
P&ID SYMBOLS- MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
P&ID SYMBOLS- ELECTRICAL/INSTRUMENT
Locally Mounted
Mounted on panel board in control room
Mounted on local panel board
Mounted on rear panel board in control room
Mounted on rear of local panel board
Local Transmitter
P&ID SYMBOLS- CONVERTERS
Electric-Pneumatic Pneumatic-Electric Electric-Electric
Local Local Local
Rear of Main Rear of Main Rear of Main
Panel board Panel board Panel board
Rear of Local Rear of Local Rear of Local
panel Board panel Board panel Board
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS
PRESSURE TEMPERATURE
PC = Controller TE = Temperature sensing element
PI = Indicator Th = Thermometer Indicator
PIC = Indicator-controller TRC = Recorder-controller
PR = Recorder TR = Recorder
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS
FLOW LEVEL
FC = Controller LC = Controller
FE = Test orifice plate LG = Glass
FI = Indicator LI = Indicator
FR = Recorder LR = Recorder
P&ID SYMBOLS- ABBREVIATIONS
SELF OPERATED MISCELLANEOUS
CONTROL VALVES
FCV = Flow SG = Sight Glass
LCV = Level FV = Straightening Vains
PCV = Pressure HC = Hand Control
TCV = Temperature PSD = Pressure Safety Device
PSV = Pressure safety valve
P&ID SYMBOLS- LINE DESIGNATOR
Hot Insulated Line
Cold Insulated Line
Jacketed Line
Capillary Tube
Electrical Transmission
Pneumatic Transmission
Process piping for Instrument
Insulated Line with external tracer
PIPING SPECIFICATIONS
-Just like equipment, pipes on the flow diagram must be
identified
- Pipe line symbol, is used in which to place this
information
-In some instances the pipe specification symbol is located
directly in the flow line
12˝-30-HS33-55A-I
-Inother instances the specification information is written
above the line
12˝-30-HS33-55A-I
PIPING CROSSINGS AND CONNECTIONS
-Major flow lines are thick and command attention on a
flow diagram
-Other flow lines and instrumentation signal lines may
cross major flows, but they are always broken at the
crossing
-Two flow lines of the same size that meet at right angles,
a common method is to break the horizontal line
Major Break other
line flow lines
PIPING DECODING
V-4301 12˝-30-HS33-55A-I ME-4302
Line Size
Coating Designator
Area Code
Fluid Type Line No.
Snam. Spec.
