THIRD QUARTER LESSON 6
SIMPLE MACHINES:
LEVER,INCLINED PLANE, and
WEDGES
OBJECTIVES:
- Demonstrate an understanding of
how energy is transformed in simple
machines.
- Create a marketing strategy for a
new product on electrical or light
efficiency.
- Manipulate simple machines to
describe their characteristics and
uses.
LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES. OBSERVE HOW ENERGY IS
TRANSFORMED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.
WHAT ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IS BEING DESCRIBED?
Study the pictures below. These are some tools or simple machines that we use in
Our daily activities. Try to rearrange the letters to come up with the names of
simple machines.
R-L-E-E-V
LEVER
D-E-W-G-E
WEDGE
D-E-N-I-L-C-N-L-E-N-A-L-P
INCLINED PLANE
mACHINES
-helps us to make the work easier and faster using less force to do
the same amount of the work
.
-needs energy in order to function, and these energy may be
obtained from different sources.
-majority of machines are powered by electricity
-people use machines to make life more convenient.
-there are two types of machine, the simple and the compound
machine.
Simple machines
Are any devices that make work easier and
faster by reducing the effort or force
6 TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES NAMELY:
1.Lever
2.Pulley
3.Inclined plane
4.Wheel and axle
5.Wedge
6.Screw
LEVER
-a simple machine that can be used to lift objects easily.
-multiplies the force you exerted which enable one to work easier and faster
-has three parts: fulcrum, load, and effort.
Fulcrum allows the bar to move at a fixed point.
Load is the weight being moved or lifted.
Effort is the force used for the movement.
CLASSES OF LEVERS
The 3 classes of levers depends upon the position of the load,
the effort, and fulcrum along the bar.
FIRST CLASS LEVER
-the fulcrum is in the middle of load and effort(EFL).
Ex. Scissor, pliers, crowbar
SECOND CLASS LEVER
-the fulcrum lies at one end, the effort is applied at the other end ,
and the load is in the middle(ELF).
Ex. wheelbarrow
THIRD-CLASS LEVER
-the fulcrum is at one end, but the load is at the other end ,
and the effort is applied in the middle(LEF).
Ex. shovel, broom
e r :
m e mb
Re The lever is made up of a straight rigid object like a board or a bar which pivots on a turning
point called a fulcrum, it makes the work easier by using leverage which multiplies the force.
3 PARTS OF LEVER:
Fulcrum allows the bar to move at a fixed point.
Load is the weight being moved or lifted.
Effort is the force used for the movement
CLASSES OF LEVERS
First-class (EFL)
Second-Class (ELF)
Tird-Class(LEF)
INCLINED PLANE
-it is a slope or a ramp, it can be a slanted surface used to raise a load
from a lower level to a higher level.
-It enables a load to be lifted with less force,
but the distance covered is greater.
Examples of Inclined Plane
ET’S CHECK
A B
T C H
WA
T ’S
LE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTOWiDDgTIk
WEDGE
-a simple machine which is made up of two inclined planes fastened back
to back to produce a sharp edge and it is used to go through a material.
Examples of Wedges
Study the pictures below. Identify the class lever and label the effort, load, and fulcrum in the given simple machines.
Class of Lever
(First-class, Second class, Third-Class) LABEL THE PICTURES
Study the picture
Study the diagram of a pair of scissors and pins. Be careful in handling sharp objects. Ask the help of an adult.
Observe the parts of a pair of scissors and pins.
Inclined plane
Sharp edges
Inclined plane
Sharp edges
QUESTIONS:
1. What are the three simple machines described?
2. What simple machine is used to split things apart?
3. What simple machine is a flat surface whose end is higher than the other
objects with relatively little effort?
4. What simple machine has a very rigid or stiff structure called bar?
5. Give one example of lever, inclined plane, and wedges.
REMEMBER THIS
Simple machines help us do more work with less effort.
Lever has a bar that turns or pivots on fixed point called
fulcrum.
An inclined plane is a ramp or slope that reduces the force
needed to exert in lifting objects.
A wedge is a device shaped like an inclined plane that uses
the sharp narrow end to cut through a material.
Answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. The wheelbarrow is a _________ class lever because the _________is in the middle of the two important points.
a. 1st, fulcrum c. 3rd, effort
b. 2nd , load d. 2nd, effort
2. Will it be possible for a girl in a seesaw to balance herself with her father who weighs twice as much as her? Why?
a. Yes, she’ll have to sit nearer the fulcrum than her father.
b. Yes, her father will have to sit nearer the fulcrum than her.
c. No, she needs to as heavy as her father.
d. No, she needs to be heavier than her father.
3. A can opener is a combination of which simple machines?
a. a lever and a wedge c. a lever and an inclined plane
b. a wedge and a screw d. an inclined plane and a wedge
4. A slanting sloping surface that connects a lower level to a higher level.
a. inclined plane b. lever c. wedge d. wheel and axle
5. The following are examples of wedges EXCEPT.
a. ax c. pin
b. broom d. scissors
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.
OBJECT /TOOLS CHARACTERISTICS Type of Simple Machine
(cut, chop, lift, attach) (lever, inclined plane, wedge
wheelbarrow
ax
slide
