BASICS OF HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
BY KHOT ABDUL HAMID NAR ATUL LUIS PRANOY SATPUTE VIKAS PAWASKAR PRASAD
Contents..
Introduction
Basics of computer & hardware Troubleshooting PC
Networking & devices
Operating systems Printers & its troubleshooting
About CMS
CMS Info Systems is a leading IT & outsourced
business services provider Their main fields are: 1. Managed IT services 2. System Integration 3. IT training 4. Print Services 5. Card Services 6. Cash Management
Basics of Computer
What is PC????
PC is divided in three parts.
Hardware
Computer
Software Firmware
Hardware=physical components Software=logical programs Firmware= hardware+software
Working of P.C
Block diagram of A Computer is as shown below:
CPU
Input
Processing
Output
Input devices: 1. Keyboard 2. scanner
CU
ALU
Output devices: 1. Monitor 2. Printer
Storage Devices
Storage means storing some data in devices .
These devices is called storage devices. Two types of storage devices are there:
Primary storage device 2. Secondary storage device
1.
CPU Panels
BACK PANEL of CPU:
Front Panel Of CPU
Power LED
CPU LED
PC Components
Types of Power Supply/ SMPS:
ATX SMPS
Stands for ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY EXTENDED. ATX SMPS uses a special software to shut-down the pc.
AT SMPS
Stands for ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY. AT SMPS does not uses a software to switch off the pc.
Troubleshooting of SMPS
Motherboard
What is Motherboard???
Troubleshooting Motherboard
To troubleshoot a MB we have to check the following voltages: 1. PROCESSOR- 1.5V 2. RAM- 1.5V 3. CMOS CHIP- 3V 4. BIOS CHIP- 5V 5. USB DEVICES- 5V 6. AGP CARD- 1.2V 7. KEYBOARD/MOUSE- 1.2V
Processor BIOS RAM
Motherboard
Fig.. Parts of motherboard
CD-Drive
Whats Networking??
Share DATA
Location 1 Transmission media
Location 2
The interconnection of 2 or more computers in order to share info or data through help of a Transmission Media is Called NETWORKING.
PC Identification
Each computer as its own
address. Address One is Logical & other is Physical. Logical address=IP=Internet Logical Physical Protocol. Physical address=MAC=Media Access Control. IP MAC In a network we mostly consider IP since it consists Network Address
Wheres My IP???
Wheres My MAC??
Its here WIRELESS One
90-4C-E5F5-91-09
00-25-6476-18-B4
Its here LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Network classification
Network On basis of data-sharing On basis of area coverage On basis of Network Management
Centralized
LAN
Service-Centric
Co-Operative
MAN
Pear-To-Pear
Distributed
WAN
Data Sharing Networks
Centralized There is a mainframe Server to this all Pcs are connected. These Pcs are accessed by server-log-in & password only. Only Server as processing power.
Distributed In this networking all PC connected to the main server have the work distributed equally, so each PC as processing power. E.g. the E-Mail server system.
Co-operative In this networking the Data/Work is done collectively. e.g. A printer network.
LAN-
MAN-
WAN
Network Management Networks
Service Centric Network It as a dedicated SEVER called as Domain Controller. Each PC connected to the server. Works with WAN & LAN networks. In this there is a user level security i.e. SERVER-BASED. Central -Server Pear-to-Pear Network It as no servers at all.
In this each PC connected to other PC. Works only with LAN network. In this each PC as its own share-level security. PC4
PC1 PC2
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC3
Network Topology
Term that is very important related to networks and
practical use of networks. TOPOLOGY It is the design layout both of physical (i.e. the things that we can observe) and also logical (i.e. how the data travelled).
Topologies here they are
Networking Devices
Devices that form a network.
Commonly 6 devices are used to form a network. They are as follows:
LAN CARD HUB
ROUTER
REPEATERS SWITCH
BRIDGE
LAN CARD
Interfacing device.
Also known as NIC=Network Interface Card Also known as Ethernet Card
It uses IP & MAC.
Repeaters
Used to repeat the signal
Strengthen or Amplify the signal. It increases CROSS-TALK effect.
Fig Cross-Talk effect
HUB
Device that connects multiple Ethernet devices
together. And forms a Network Segment. Non-intelligent device. Since distributed data to each device connected to it. Multi-port broadcasting device with single-collision.
HUB
SWITCH
It is multiport device.
It is a unicasting device. It has multi-collision device. Switch is a intelligent 'device.
Why switch is an intelligent device???
As shown in the fig. aside; There are three p.c s connected to
SWITCH
switch(A,B and C) A C B A If data has to go from A to C then, in first run switch sends data to each device but when C interprets then it notes down Cs MAC address. In this way the switch will get MAC addresses of each device. So in the second run switch will send data to desired p.c. only.
BRIDGE & ROUTER
BRIDGE.
Device used to connect
two logical segments of two same networks.
ROUTER Device that simply
connects two different networks.
Operating System.
An operating system, or
OS, is a software program. It enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless.
Functions Of OS..
Process Management
Input and Output Management. File Management. Interpretation of Command & Instructions. Gives User Interface.
Types of OS
WINDOWS
LINUX
MACONTOSH
Windows XP
The basic requirement to install XP are as follows: COMPONENTS MIN HARDWARE RECOMMENDED HARDWARE 400 to 450 MHz 128mb or higher 1.6 GB CD/DVD ROM Yes
1. Processor 2. RAM 3. Free disk 4. Drive 5. Keyboard
P2 223Mhz 64mb 1.5 GB CD-ROM Yes
Installing a OS
PRINTERS..
Whats a Printer?? One of most commonly used peripheral
devices. In simple words, device that prints anything say document , pictures, article etc. that are linked to a computer. In Technical words it is: A printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies.
Basic Types of Printers
Dot Matrix Printer.. (DMP)
A type of printer that produces
characters and illustrations by striking pins against an ink ribbon to print closely spaced dots in the appropriate shape It works much like the print mechanism on a typewriter. Only printer to produce multiple copies of a printout. The major parts of DMP are as shown aside:
DOT MATRIX PRINTER
Power Supply
Logical BOARD Printer Mechanism
Inkjet Printers..
Same movement as
dot-matrix printer. But, instead of coilfired pins, the print head consists of ink i.e. sprayed into the page. So it simply creates a digital image Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer
Laser Printers
Works in similar fashion as
photocopiers. A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper In this a laser beam is fired at a photosensitive drum where the beam strikes, print will appear on the page. Advantages: Better quality Fast mechanism Cost per page is low
Troubleshooting Printers
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS:
TROUBLES:: Paper Jams: II. Missing prints from the page III. Paper out problem IV. Flecks Of Ink
I.
Troubleshooting Printers
LASER Printers
TROUBLES: Poor Print quality II. Paper Jams
I.
Troubleshooting Printers
Inkjet Printers:
TROUBLES: Light print quality II. Paper feed multiple sheets at a single time.
I.
