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Titration and Standardization Guide

The document discusses the process of standardization through titration. Standardization is determining the exact concentration of a solution. In titration, an analyte solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a titrant of known concentration until the equivalence point is reached. The learning objectives are for students to learn titration procedures and understand the standardization process. Key materials used in the experiment described are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, indicators, and apparatus for titration. The process involves weighing samples, preparing solutions, titrating while monitoring color changes, and calculating molarity based on volumes used. The conclusion discusses the importance of standardization for precision in experiments and the need for practice to improve

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CHEA MICH L. ABELLANO
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69 views18 pages

Titration and Standardization Guide

The document discusses the process of standardization through titration. Standardization is determining the exact concentration of a solution. In titration, an analyte solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a titrant of known concentration until the equivalence point is reached. The learning objectives are for students to learn titration procedures and understand the standardization process. Key materials used in the experiment described are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, indicators, and apparatus for titration. The process involves weighing samples, preparing solutions, titrating while monitoring color changes, and calculating molarity based on volumes used. The conclusion discusses the importance of standardization for precision in experiments and the need for practice to improve

Uploaded by

CHEA MICH L. ABELLANO
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Learing Activity 2

STANDARDIZATION
STANDARDIZATION
STANDARDIZATION
STANDARDIZATION
STANDARDIZATION
I. Learning Objectives :

At the end of the experiment, the students are


expected to:

A. Carry out titration procedures; and

B. Understand Standardization Process


II. Discussion
Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity) of a
solution. Titration is one type kf analytical procedure used in Standardization. In a
titration, an exact volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of
another substance

Furthermore, in titration there are two majn solutions: the analyte and the titrant. The
analyte is the "unknown" solution, whereas, titrant, is the "known" solution. During
titration it undergoes different stages. Two of which are endpoint and Equivalence
point. When a total no. Of moles of two solution become equal it is defined as
Equivalence point. Endpoint, on the other hand, indicates the completion of the
reaction with a change in color
III. Learning Resources

• Erlenmeyer Flask
• Volumetric flask
• Graduated
Cylinder
• Burette
• Burette Stand
•
III. Learning Resources

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)


• Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP)
• Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
• Methyl Orange
• Phenolphthalein Indicator
1
.
FLOW
2. Chart
3
.
4.

6
5.
FLOW
Chart

1 In a clean 100mL beaker weigh 0.1 M of NaOH


. pellet and cover it to avoid contact with
moisture. After, dissolve it in 100 mL distilled
water before adding it to the volumentric Flask.
After transferring, add another 400 mL of Water
to the NaOH solution and cover it.
FLOW
Chart

Weigh a clean 200 mL of Erlenmeyer Flask, add 0.01 g of


KHP. Record the exact mass. Dissolve the KHP in
2. distilled water by adding about 100 mL.. In another E-
Flask add the same amount of water, however this time no
substance are added. As this is will be use for reference
Purpose only.
FLOW
Chart 3
.
Fill the burette w/ NaOH to
slightly above the zero mark and
clamp the burette up vertically,
adjust it to your liking. Then,
remove any air bubbles from the
tip of the burette by draining it.
Read the Solution's level and
record the value as an initial base
reading
FLOW
Chart 4.

Add 3 drops of
Phenolphthalein
indicator to both
flask; the Distilled
water and KHP
solution
FLOW
Chart

Place the flask containing the 5.


distilled water and indicator under
the buret, first. For trial and
reference. then start, titrating until
the color of the solution in the flask
is a faint pink. Followed by, the
flask containing KHP solution
FLOW
Chart

Lastly, read aan rcord te fnal


6
volume when the proper end point
. is reached. Then, calculate the
molarity using the information
acquired.
Calculations:

Weight of KHP Liter to Milliliter conversion

(0.0124g)(1000)
(0.2mL)(204.22 g/mol)

Volume (mL) of NaOH Molar Mass (g) of KHP


Solution consumed
Calculations:

NaOH/ KHP
(0.0124g)(1000)
= 0.
(0.2mL)(204.22 g/mol)
304
Na2CO3/HCl
(0.1002g)(2000)
= 0. 0499
(37.85mL)(106g/mol)
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Conclusion:

To conclude, strandarization is the process of determining the exact


concentration of a solution. It's necessary to standardized the solution
as it enable us to obtain precise and accurate measurements during
experiments. With that, the most common method of standardizing
solution is through titration.

We standardize two different solutions for this activity, one of


which, was sodium Hydroxide. In my case, however, both of
titrations "over-shoot"; a process in which too much base is added
to the solution. Hence why, the results from the calculation is
much distant from our expected no. Moreso, carrying out titration
requires a lot of precision and skill. Reflecting on my current
performance I still need to practice in order for me to develop and
improve at titrating.
References:

https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/difference-
between-endpoint-and-equivalence-point.

https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/difference-
between-endpoint-and-equivalence-point

https://chrominfo.blogspot.com/2021/12/what-is-
standardization-in-chemistry.html?m=1
Thank
You

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