CHARLES’S LAW
Lesson 3
Jacques Alexandre César Charles was a French inventor,
scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Charles wrote
almost nothing about mathematics, and most of what has
been credited to him was due to mistaking him with
another Jacques Charles, also a member of the Paris
Academy of Sciences, entering on May 12, 1785.
Jacques Charles (1746—1823)
WHAT IS CHARLES’S LAW
--Charles’s law states that volume is
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the
temperature at constant pressure.
--A gas expands when its
temperature increases. It contracts
when the temperature decreases.
CHARLES’S LAW CALCULATIONS
V1 = initial volume
V2 = final volume
T1= initial temperature (in kelvin)
T2= final temperature (in kelvin)
BOYLE’S LAW SAMPLE PROBLEM
A syringe contains 56.11 mL of gas at 311 K. determine the volume that the gas will
occupy if the temperature is increased to 400K.
Given: V1= 56.11 mL V2=? T1= 311 K T2= 400K
Solution: (56.11 mL) = V2
(311 K) (400K)
Solution: (56.11 mL) (400K)= 311K V2
Solution: (22444ml K)= 311K V2
311 K 311 K
Solution: V2 = 72.16mL
BOYLE’S LAW SAMPLE PROBLEM
If 540 ml of nitrogen at 0.00oC is heated to a temperature of 100oC, what will be the
new volume of the gas?
Given: V1= 540mL V2=? T1= 0.00oC T2= 100oC
T1= 0.00oC + 273.15OK
Solution: (540 mL) = V2 =273.15OK
T2= 100oC +273.15OK
(273.15OK) (373.15OK) =373.15OK
Solution: (201501mL K)= (273.15OK) V2
Solution: (22444ml K)= (273.15OK) V2
(273.15OK) (273.15OK)
Solution: V2 = 737.69mL
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 °C.
What is its volume at 10.0 °C?
ANSWER: V2 = 292.15mL
SAMPLE PROBLEM
ANSWER: V2 = 12.20mL
Application of Charles’s Law
Ping Pong Ball
In case you play Ping Pong, chances are
that you might have frequently come
across a dented Ping Pong ball. How
have you troubleshot such situation?
You might have let your Ping Pong ball
float on warm water for some time.
Have you ever wondered why you do
so? When you let your ball float on hot
water, the temperature of the air inside
the ball also increases; which, in turn,
leads to an increase in the volume of the
gas. Therefore, the shape of the ball is
restored.
Application of Charles’s Law
Bakery
Charle’s Law finds its way into our kitchens
as well. In case you have ever tried your
hand at baking, you might be familiar with
the substance most commonly used in
cooking, i.e., the yeast. Yeast is often used in
baking to make the bakery products fluffy.
Yeast is responsible for releasing carbon
dioxide bubbles. These carbon dioxide
bubbles expand further with high
temperature. The expansion of the carbon
dioxide bubbles with an increase in
temperature works as a leavening agent and
cause the bakery products to become fluffy.
Application of Charles’s Law
Hot Air Balloon
You might have wondered about the
working of the hot air balloon. Charle’s Law
describes that temperature and volume are
directly proportional to each other. When a
gas is heated, it expands. As the expansion of
the gas takes place, it becomes less dense
and the balloon is lifted in the air. The warm
is less dense than the cold air, which means
that it is lighter than the cold air. Also, the
warm air has less mass per unit volume.
