ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation
FibeAir IP-10’s Key Feature
• IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) –
Modulation range: QPSK - 256QAM
• Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades
• Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when
received signal improves
Optimized for mobile backhaul – all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration
2 Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
• Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental
conditions
• Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes
• Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth
• Service differentiation with improved SLA
• Increased capacity and availability
3 Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Weak Strong
FEC FEC
When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to
highest priority
4 Proprietary and Confidential
ACM & SLA
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained
200 Mbps
256 QAM
170 Mbps
Best Effort
128 QAM
112 Mbps
Silver
Premium
32 QAM
The above diagram shows an example when 28MHz is used
5 Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support
• 8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each point
change)
• Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal
quality
Throughput per radio carrier:
10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel
45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel
90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel
MSE is analyzed to trigger
ACM modulation changes
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services
Proprietary and Confidential
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IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic
Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending)
Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%
No affect on user traffic
Ethernet Capacity increase by
packet size (bytes) compression
64 45%
96 29%
128 22%
256 11%
512 5%
7 Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation
Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth
Example 32QAM 128QAM 256QAM
Modulation
Example
traffic mix
All Ethernet 112Mbps 170Mbps 200Mbps
20 E1s + Ethernet 20 E1s + 66Mbps 20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps
44 E1s + Ethernet 44 E1s + 10Mbps 44 E1s + 67Mbps 44 E1s + 98Mbps
66 E1s + Ethernet - 66 E1s + 15Mbps 66 E1s + 47Mbps
75 E1s + Ethernet - - 75 E1s + 25Mbps
8 Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
It’s all about handling data...
• Current Microwave systems are designed with
Availability Equal for all Services
nXT1/E1
?
99.99… %
Less availability can be accepted for many data services
Need for Services Classification :
Microwave systems shall treat services in different ways
9 Proprietary and Confidential
Fewer Hops
1.28km fix rate
200Mbps at 99.999%
2.5km adaptive rate
200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%
0 1km 2km 3km
Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)
Optional solution for several planning constrains
Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site
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Proprietary and Confidential
Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight…
4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability
Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas
Unavailability of
Modulation Throughput (Mbps) )%( Availability modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds
256QAM (2) 400 99.999 4min, 28sec
With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas
Unavailability of
Modulation Throughput (Mbps) )%( Availability modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds
QPSK 80 99.999 5min, 3sec
8PSK 120 99.998 9min, 3sec
16QAM 160 99.997 11min, 4sec
32QAM 210 99.996 16min, 42sec
64QAM 260 99.995 24min, 35sec
128QAM 320 99.992 37min, 35sec
256QAM (1) 360 99.989 55min, 33sec
256QAM (2) 400 99.985 1hr,18min, 13sec
Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] band
Proprietary and Confidential Source: Ceragon Networks
ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario
SMOOTH Migration
• Typical 4E1 radio
• QPSK 4xE1
• 7MHz channel 7MHz channel
• 99.999% availability
Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet
5 TIMES THE CAPACITY
SAME ANTENNAS
Same 7MHz channel 4xE1 + 40Mbps
QPSK – 256QAM with ACM Ethernet
99.999% availability for the E1s 7MHz channel
Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow
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Traffic Prioritization
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained while low services are dropped
When link capacity is recovered, low services are recovered as well
• QoS is applied first to drop ETH low services
(e.g. Customer is advised to assign configure QoS to maintain In-Band
Management when link capacity degrades)
• E1/T1 traffic has higher priority over Ethernet traffic
• Each E1/T1 can be configured as High/Low priority
• TDM Low priority is dropped first
• TDM High priority is dropped according to order of configuration
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ACM Working Boundaries
• Link capacity is determined according to License and applied script
• ACM Script consists of Channel BW, max. Capacity and Modulation
• Highest modem script is applied using MRMC configuration window
•When Automatic State Propagation is enabled, GbE (SFP) port can be
configured to shutdown when ACM is below a pre-defined script
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Capacity Calculation
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel
• Ethernet capacity (a.k.a. Ethernet L1 capacity) - Total bit rate from an
Ethernet user port. Taking into account the full Ethernet frame including the
IFG and preamble fields. Ethernet capacity is sometimes referred to as "port
utilization rate".
• Ethernet L2 capacity - Total bit rate of net Ethernet frames running over
the Ethernet user port. Taking into account the Ethernet frame without the
IFG and preamble fields.
• Radio throughput - Total bit rate supported by the radio link running in a
specific channel/modulation including radio frame overhead, etc.
16 Proprietary and Confidential
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel
(figures refer to ETSI + MAC Header Compression Enabled)
3.5 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Max # of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity supported (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license E1s (Mbps)
2 16 QAM 10 4 13.60 10.36 20233.77 10.50
4 64 QAM 25 6 20.14 15.35 29974.03 15.00
7 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Max # of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity supported (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license E1s (Mbps)
0 QPSK 10 4 13.42 10.23 19976.45 10.38
1 8 PSK 25 6 20.18 15.38 30034.94 15.03
2 16 QAM 25 8 27.87 21.24 41475.26 20.31
3 32 QAM 25 10 34.48 26.27 51304.87 24.85
4 64 QAM 25 12 40.44 30.81 60175.21 28.95
5 128 QAM 50 13 46.60 35.50 69339.64 33.19
6 256 QAM 50 16 54.53 41.55 81151.77 38.64
7 256 QAM 50 17 57.38 43.72 85389.21 40.60
17 Proprietary and Confidential
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel
(figures refer to ETSI + MAC Header Compression Enabled)
14 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Number of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity support E1s (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license (Mbps)
0 QPSK 25 8 28.90 22.02 43001.18 21.02
1 8 PSK 25 12 40.90 31.16 60857.98 29.27
2 16 QAM 50 18 60.36 45.99 89823.89 42.65
3 32 QAM 50 20 70.35 53.60 104693.80 49.52
4 64 QAM 50 24 81.78 62.31 121693.09 57.37
5 128 QAM 100 29 98.43 74.99 146471.17 68.82
6 256 QAM 100 34 115.15 87.73 171347.98 80.31
7 256 QAM 100 37 124.52 94.87 185297.74 86.76
28 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Number of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity support E1s (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license (Mbps)
0 QPSK 50 17 57.86 44.08 86099.43 40.93
1 8 PSK 50 23 77.86 59.32 115860.75 54.68
2 16 QAM 100 33 111.32 84.81 165648.63 77.68
3 32 QAM 100 44 150.76 114.87 224346.79 104.80
4 64 QAM 150 55 187.55 142.90 279093.55 130.09
5 128 QAM 150 68 228.81 174.33 340488.46 158.46
6 256 QAM 200 76 254.71 194.07 379034.79 176.27
7 256 QAM 200 80 268.45 204.53 399476.94 185.71
18 Proprietary and Confidential
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel
(figures refer to ETSI + MAC Header Compression Enabled)
40 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Number of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity support E1s (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license (Mbps)
0 QPSK 50 23 79.64 60.68 118506.13 55.90
1 8 PSK 100 35 119.11 90.75 177239.65 83.04
2 16 QAM 100 51 174.14 132.68 259136.72 120.87
3 32 QAM 150 65 218.49 166.47 325132.27 151.36
4 64 QAM 150 81 273.67 208.51 407254.05 189.30
5 128 QAM 200 84 305.49 232.76 454605.63 211.18
6 256 QAM 200 84 346.84 264.26 516135.41 239.61
7 256 QAM 300 84 369.96 281.87 550529.12 255.50
56 MHz
Profile Modulation Minimum Number of Ethernet capacity Ethernet L2 Frames per Radio
required capacity support E1s (Mbps) capacity (Mbps) seconds Throughput
license (Mbps)
0 QPSK 100 32 108.86 82.94 161994.37 75.99
1 8 PSK 100 48 163.37 124.48 243116.10 113.47
2 16 QAM 150 64 216.60 165.03 322318.52 150.06
3 32 QAM 200 84 288.50 219.81 429314.58 199.50
4 64 QAM 300 84 358.49 273.14 533473.73 247.62
5 128 QAM 300 84 430.43 327.95 640527.34 297.08
6 256 QAM 400 84 489.77 373.16 728824.51 337.87
7 256 QAM 400 84 531.82 405.20 791403.86 366.78
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio & PDH Capacity VS. Channel - FCC
10MHz Ethernet 20MHz Ethernet
ACM # of ACM # of
Modulation Capacity Modulation Capacity
Point E1s Point E1s
(Mbps) (Mbps)
1 QPSK 7 13 – 18 1 QPSK 16 28 - 40
2 8 PSK 10 19 – 27 2 8 PSK 22 39 - 56
3 16 QAM 16 28 – 40 3 16 QAM 32 57 - 81
4 32 QAM 18 32 – 46 4 32 QAM 38 67 - 96
5 64 QAM 24 42 – 61 5 64 QAM 52 93 - 133
6 128 QAM 28 50 – 71 6 128 QAM 58 102 - 146
7 256 QAM 30 54 – 78 7 256 QAM 67 118 - 169
8 256 QAM 33 60 – 85 8 256 QAM 73 129 - 185
30MHz 40MHz 50MHz
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
ACM # of ACM Modulatio # of ACM # of
Modulation Capacity Capacity Modulation Capacity
Point E1s Point n E1s Point E1s
(Mbps) (Mbps) (Mbps)
1 QPSK 22 39 - 55 1 QPSK 31 56 - 80 1 QPSK 37 65 - 93
2 8 PSK 35 62 - 89 2 8 PSK 46 82 - 117 2 8 PSK 59 105 - 150
3 16 QAM 52 93 - 133 3 16 QAM 69 122 - 174 3 16 QAM 74 131 - 188
4 32 QAM 68 120 - 171 4 32 QAM 84 153 - 219 4 32 QAM 84 167 - 239
5 64 QAM 80 142 - 202 5 64 QAM 84 188 - 269 5 64 QAM 84 221 - 315
6 128 QAM 84 164 - 235 6 128 QAM 84 214 - 305 6 128 QAM 84 264 - 377
7 256 QAM 84 185 - 264 7 256 QAM 84 239 - 342 7 256 QAM 84 313 - 448
8 256 QAM 84 204 - 292 8 256 QAM 84 262 - 374 8 256 QAM 84 337 - 482
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size
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Thank You !
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