Welcome Participants!

LGU Mawab Emergency Responder Training

March 12,13 & 14, 2024
Program Of Activities:

• Day 1
> Basic First Aid
- Basic Life Support/CPR
- Bandaging and Wound Packing
- Splinting
• Day 2
> Swift Water Rescue and Ropemanship Training
• Day 3
> Basic Firefighting Training
Basic
Life
Support
Basic Life Support (BLS)
 type of care provided to anyone who is experiencing:
- cardiac arrest
- respiratory distress or an obstructed airway
CARDIAC ARREST
- occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly
stops pumping.
- blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital
organs.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
- a medical event where the ability of a
person to breathe stops.
How to determine whether a
Patient suffers from a
CARDIAC ARREST or
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS?
Things to consider before offering any help:

• BSI (Body Substance Isolation)

> Utilize PPE to protect yourself and others from infectious diseases and
germs.
• SCENE SIZE UP
> Determine if the scene/situation is safe
> Determine the mechanism of injury or the nature of illness
> Determine the number of Patient
> Consider the stabilization of the Spine
> Prioritize the LIFE THREATENING condition
> Body sweep for unnoticeable injuries for Trauma cases
- DCAPBTLS
Things to do before initiating ABC:
• Make sure that the Patient is in a SUPINE
POSITION
• Exposed the Patient
Things to do before initiating ABC:
 Tap the Patients shoulder twice.
Things to do before initiating ABC:
 Engage Pain stimuli.
- Pinch the Patients Earlobe
Things to do before initiating ABC:
• Do the HEAD TILT and CHIN LIFT maneuver
Things to do before initiating ABC:
• HEAD TILT and CHIN LIFT maneuver
Things to do before initiating ABC:
• If there’s a possible Neck injury?
• Do the JAW THRUST maneuver
If our brain was deprived of Oxygen:
AIRWAY:
 Head Tilt and Chin Lift
 Check mouth for possible obstruction
 Finger sweep if needed
BREATHING:
 Ears to the patient’s mouth
 Eyes to the patient’s chest
- check if there is a rise and
fall
CIRCULATION:
 place two fingertips on the Carotid Artery
Pulse Points:
If the Patient has PULSE but NO BREATHING
> Give a RESCUE BREATH
If the Patient has NO PULSE but NO
BREATHING
CPR
Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
When Not to Start CPR:
 If the scene is not safe
 If the patient has obvious signs of death
 Rigor mortis (stiffening of body)
 Dependent lividity (livor mortis)
 Putrefaction or decomposition of body
 Evidence of nonsurvivable injury
 If the patient and physician have previously agreed on do
not resuscitate (DNR) orders
When Not to Start CPR:
- Ask the companion (if any) if the Patient has
a DNR Order
- Look for a DNR necklace or Bracelet if alone
Start CPR!
How to perform CPR:

 Find the right spot

- between the nipple
- armpit scale method
 Start compression:
- 30 Compression
- 2 Breaths
- Compression and relaxation should be rhythmic and of equal duration
- Pressure on the sternum must be released so that the sternum can return to its
normal resting position between compressions.
Recovery Position:
- the recovery position is used to maintain
an open airway in an adequately breathing patient with a
decreased level of consciousness who has no spinal injury.
it allows vomitus, blood, and any other secretions to drain
from the mouth.
- Log Roll Patient getting ready for transfer to a Long Board
- Perform D-C-A-P-B-T-L-S
- Deformity
- Contusion
- Abrasion
- Puncture
- Burn
- Tenderness
- Laceration
- Swelling
- Load Patient to Ambulance
Brain damage may occur if it is deprived from
Oxygen for how many minutes….
What does ABC stands for?
 If the Patient has PULSE but NOT
BREATHING ADEQUATELY, are we going to
initiate CPR?
 NO!
If the patient definitely has a pulse but is not breathing
adequately, provide ventilations without compressions. This is also
called "rescue breathing." Adults: give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
and 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds for Infants and Child.
.
Let’s Practice!
STOP THE BLEED
Losing large amounts of blood quickly can lead to
serious complications or DEATH.
Human Blood Volume in the Body:

BABY 0.27 Liters

CHILDREN 2.65 Liters

ADULT 5.6 Liters

Types of Wounds:
- Bruises/Contusion
Types of Wounds:
- Abrasion
Types of Wounds:
- Laceration
Types of Wounds:
- Avulsion
Types of Wounds:
- Incision
Types of Wounds:
- Puncture
Types of Wounds:
- Amputation
Ways to Stop the BLEEDING:
Ways to Stop the BLEEDING:
Ways to Stop the BLEEDING:
Proper Wound Packing
Ways to Stop the BLEEDING:
3. Apply TOURNIQUET
Always remember:
 Maximum time to keep the TOURNIQUET is less than 2 hours to
avoid tissue damage
Let’s Practice!
SPLINTING
Purpose of Splinting:
 Provide pain relief of the fractured limb.
 Support bone ends of the fracture site. Bones ends of the fracture site are
very sharp. A splint helps prevent bone protruding through the skin, soft skin
and tissue damage, as well as bleeding.
 Facilitate safe and seamless casualty transport.
Types of Splinting Device:
1. Air Splint
Types of Splinting Device:
2. Traction Splint
Types of Splinting Device:
3. Sam Splint
Types of Splinting Device:
4. Wood Splint
Let’s Practice!
Patient Lifting and
Moving
Devices used for Lifting and Moving a Patient
Spine Board:
 designed to provide rigid support during movement of a person
with suspected spinal or limb injuries.
Scoop Stretcher:
 device used specifically for moving injured people. It is ideal
for carrying casualties with possible spinal injuries.
Gurney/Ambulance Stretcher:
 bed on wheels that is used in hospitals for moving sick or injured
people.
Kendrick extrication device (KED):
 device used in extrication of victims of traffic collisions from
motor vehicles.
Stair Lifts/Stair Chair:
 a motorized chair that travels along a rail mounted to the treads
of stairs.
 When you move a patient, take care that injury does not occur:
 To you
 To your team
 To the patient
 Lifting technique
 Legs should be spread about 15 inches apart (shoulder width).
 Place feet so the center of gravity is balanced.
 With your back held upright, bring your upper body down by bending the legs.
 Grasp the patient/stretcher.
 Lift the patient by raising your upper body and arms and straightening your legs until
standing.
 Keep the weight close to your body.
 Keep your arms the same distance apart.
Transferring Patient to a Spine Board:
 Log roll
Thank you!
Patient Assessment:
Patient Assessment Composition:
• Team Leader (Commands and Performs)
• Data collector for PCR (Patient Care Report)
- Personal Details
- Vital Signs
• Driver
- Assist the whole process
Patient Assessment Steps:

• BSI ON (Basic Substance Isolation)

• Is the scene is SAFE?
• What is the Nature of Illness or Mechanism of Injury?
• How many Patient do I have?
• Do I need to call for BACK UP?
• Do I need to stabilize the SPINE?
• What is the LIFE THREATINING condition?
Patient Assessment Steps:

- TAP Patient’s shoulders twice

- Engage Pain stimuli
- if the Patient is unresponsive
- Check for ABC
- if the Patient has NO PULSE and NO BREATHING
- Expose the Patient
- look or ask (companion) if the Patient is DNR
- Find the center
- Start CPR
- Put in RECOVERY POSITION if the Patient recovered
Patient Assessment Steps:

- Log Roll Patient getting ready for transfer to a Long Board

- Perform D-C-A-P-B-T-L-S
- Deformity
- Contusion
- Abrasion
- Puncture
- Burn
- Tenderness
- Laceration
- Swelling
- Load Patient to Ambulance