METHOD AND TOOLS OF DATA
COLLECTION
Under Supervision of :
Prof: 20
Prepared By: Hanaa Ibrahim Mustafa
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INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
(ILOS)
At the end of this presentation the student will be able
to:
Define the Data
Define the Data Collection
List the purpose of Data collection
Identify type of Data
Identify type of Data collection
Discuss method of Data collection
Discuss tools of Data collection
List Ethical consideration related to data collection
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INTRODUCTION
The Initiation of data collection is one of the most
exciting parts of research .After all the planning ,
writing , you are getting to the real part of research _ The
doing part .There is a sense of euphoria and excitement to
get on with it .
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DEFINITIONS
Data: are observable measurable fact that provides
information about the phenomenon under study.
Data collection
•It is the process by which the researcher collects the
information needed to answer the research question/
problem.
•Is defined as the procedure of collecting, measuring and
analyzing insight for research using standard validated
techniques. 4
PURPOSE OF DATA COLLECTION
To obtain information
To keep on record
To make decision about important issues
To pass information onto others
For research study
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SELECTION OF DATA COLLECTION
METHOD BASED ON
1) The nature of phenomenon under study
2) Type research subject
3) Purpose of research study
4) Size of study sample
5) Time frame of the study
6) Researchers' knowledge level and competence
7) Availability of resources and manpower
8) The skill of the evaluator 6
TYPES OF DATA
Qualitative DATA:
Qualitative data are mostly non-numerical and usually
descriptive or nominal in nature .this means the data collected
are in the form of words and sentences. Often such data captures
feeling, emotions, or subjective perceptions of something.
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TYPES OF DATA
Quantitative Data:
Quantitative data is numerical in natural and can be
mathematically computed. Quantitative data measure uses
different scales, which can be classified as nominal scale, ordinal
scale, interval scale and ratio scale.
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TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION
Primary Data:
Data collected by investigator from personal experimental studies for
a specific research goal is called primary data.
Sources of Primary Data
• Experiments
• Survey
• Questionnaire
• Interview
• Observations
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TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION
Secondary Data:
Are those which have already been already collected and analyzed by
some earlier agency for it is own use and later the same data are used
by a different agency.
Sources of Secondary Data
1. Published sources: various governmental, international and local
agencies publish statistical data, and chief among them are:
international publications: they are WHO, UNO, etc.
2. Unpublished Sources: Records maintained by various government
and private offices
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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
1-Questionnaire
Questionnaires are a popular means of collecting data, but are
difficult to design and often require many rewrites before an
acceptable questionnaire is produced.
Wording of Questions:
• Simple
• Clear and understood
• Put every item in one question
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
1-Open-ended question:
• Require written response from the subjects.
• Content analysis may be used to extract meaning; data are often
difficult to interpret
• Open end questionnaire items are not advised when data are
obtained from large sample
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
2-Closed Ended questions:
These questions are …….
• Commonly used as standardized measures.
• Provides a list of alternatives.
• Easier to answer, tabulate and analyze.
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
Ranking Questions
Example:
What are the most important factors in choosing a dentist , Please rank from
the list bellow putting 1 to 4 in the boxes below
(1= most important, 4= least important)
• Distance from home
• Parking space provided
• Availability of appointments
• Provide NHS service for children 15
TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
2-Scales:
• Scales is another instrument usually measures degrees of something and
produces a numeric score.
• A form of self-report, are more precise means of measuring phenomena than
are questionnaires.
Types of scales :
• Rating scales.
• Verbal Rating Scale (VRS.
• Visual analogue scale.
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
Visual analog scale Rating scales
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TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
3-checklist:
• Is a list of behaviors, characteristics, or
others that the researcher is looking for.
• Is a technique of indicating whether or not
a behavior occurred .
• The participant simply checks whether
each item on the list is observed, present
or true or vice versa.
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PHYSIOLOGIC MEASURES
Physiologic measures are any instrument used to measure
physiological measures, biologic data.
These methods used to evaluate clinical outcomes as bio-physiologic
status of patients
Example:
Thermometer, Microscope, Weight scale.
Advantages:
Accurate, precise.
Available.
Valid measures.
Physiologic measures can be obtained using a variety of methods :
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REFERENCES
•Creswell JW, Plano Clark VL. Designing and conducting mixed
methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2017.
•Ardith Z. Doorenbos . Mixed Methods in Nursing Research: An
Overview and Practical Examples.HHS public accesses. Kanga
Kenkyu.2021
•ohn Maltby, Glenn Williams, Julie Mcgarry, Liz Day. Research
Methods for Nursing and Healthcare. Routledge. London . 2020
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