Systems Analysis and Design 9 th

Edition

Chapter 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis and
Design
Chapter Objectives
• The impact of information technology on business
success
• Define an information system
• Describe components of information systems
• Explain how the Internet has affected business
• Identify various types of information systems and
explain who uses them

2
Introduction
• Companies use
information as a weapon
• To increase productivity
• To deliver quality
products and services
• To maintain customer
loyalty
• To make sound decisions

3
The Impact of Information Technology
• What is Information Technology (IT) ?
– Combination of hardware and software products
and services that companies use to manage,
access, communicate, and share information

4
The Impact of Information Technology
• The Future
– Three issues that will shape the future
• Changes in world
• Changes in technology
• Changes in client demand

5
The Impact of Information Technology
• Systems Development
– Business information systems are developed by
people who are technically qualified, business-
oriented, and highly motivated

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The Impact of Information Technology
• What is Systems Analysis and Design?
– Systems Analysis and Design
• Step-by-step process for developing high-quality
information systems

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The Impact of Information Technology
– Who is Systems Analyst?
• Plans
• Develop
• Maintain information systems

8
The Impact of Information Technology
• How Information Systems are developed?
– In-house applications
– Software packages from outside vendors
– Internet-based application services
– Outsourcing
– Custom solutions from IT consultants

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Information System Components
• What is a system?
• A system is a set of related components that
produces specific results
• What is a Mission-critical system?
• A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to
a company’s operations

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Information System Components
• Information systems components:
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– Processes
– People

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Information System Components
• Hardware
– Is the physical layer of
the information system
• Software
– System software
– Application software
– Enterprise applications

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Information System Components
• Data
– Tables store data
– Linked tables work
together to supply
data

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Information System Components
• Processes
– the tasks and business
functions that users,
managers, and IT staff
members perform to
achieve specific results
• People
– Stakeholders
– Users

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Understanding The Business
• New Kinds of
Companies
– Production-oriented
– Service-oriented
– Internet-dependent
– Dot-com (.com)
– Brick-and-mortar

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Impact of the Internet
• E-Commerce or I-Commerce
• B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
• B2B (Business-to-Business)

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Business Information Systems
• In the past, IT managers divided systems into
categories based on the user group the system
served
– Office systems
– Operational systems
– Decision support systems
– Executive information systems

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Business Information Systems
• Today, identify a system by its functions and
features, rather than by its users
– Enterprise computing systems
– Transaction processing systems
– Business support systems
– Knowledge management systems
– User productivity systems

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Business Information Systems
• Enterprise computing
systems
– Support company-wide
operations and data
management

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Business Information Systems
• Transaction processing
systems
– It’s a transaction-related
commands
– It’s a mission-critical
systems

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Business Information Systems
• Business support systems
– Provide job-related information to users at all
levels of a company

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Business Information Systems
• Knowledge management systems
– Called expert systems
– Simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledge base

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Business Information Systems
• User productivity systems
– Technology that improves productivity
• Information systems integration
– It’s a systems that combine transaction
processing, business support, knowledge
management, and user productivity features

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What Information Do Users Need?

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What Information Do Users Need?
• Top managers: are those who make strategic
plans
• Middle managers: provide direction,
necessary resources to supervisors and team
leaders.
• Knowledge workers are people such as
systems analysts, programmers, accountants,
researchers, trainers, and so on.

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What Information Do Users Need?
• Supervisors, often called team leaders:
oversee operational employees and carry out
day-to-day functions.
• Operational employees: users who rely on TP
systems to enter and receive data they need
to perform their jobs

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Systems Development Methods
• Structured Analysis
– The SDLC model usually includes five steps
• Systems planning
• Systems analysis
• Systems design
• Systems implementation
• Systems support and security

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Systems Development Guidelines
• Develop a project plan
• Involve users and listen carefully to them
• Use project management tools to identify
tasks and milestones
• Develop accurate cost and benefit information
• Remain flexible

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Information Technology Department

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The Systems Analyst
• Responsibilities
– Translate business requirements into IT projects

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The Systems Analyst
• Knowledge, Skills, and Education
• Needs technical knowledge
• Strong oral and written communication skills
• An understanding of business operations
• Critical thinking skills

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The Systems Analyst
• Certification
– Important for the Systems Analyst

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The Systems Analyst
• Career Opportunities
– Job titles
– Company organization
– Company size
– Corporate culture
– Salary
– Location
– Future growth

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Chapter Summary
• IT refers to the combination of hardware and
software resources that companies use to manage,
access, communicate, and share information
• The essential components of an information
system are hardware, software, data, processes,
and people
• Successful companies offer a mix of products,
technical and financial services, consulting, and
customer support

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