WELCOME TO THE COURSE
ON
Industrial Engineering
Course Code: MEBB314
BY
Dr. Chitragupt Swaroop Chitransh
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
NIT Delhi - 110040 INDIA
E-mail: [email protected]
Pre-Determined Time Motion Systems (PMTS)
● A predetermined motion time system may be defined as a procedure/method which
analyses any manual activity/human motion in terms of the basic or fundamental
motions required to perform it.
● BS 3138: 1969 defines that Predetermined motion time system as a work measurement
technique whereby time established for basic human motions are used to build up the
time for a job at a defined level of performance.
● Each of these motions is assigned a predetermined or a previously established standard
time value in such a manner those times for the individual motions on addition provides
a total time for the performance of the activity.
Steps involved in collecting PMTS data
• Select large number of workers doing variety of jobs under normal
working conditions in industry.
• Record the job operations on a movie film (Micromotion study).
• Analyze the film, note down the time taken to complete each element
And compile the data in the form of table or chart.
Objectives and Uses of PMTS
• It is very useful in method analysis.
• It helps modifying and improving work methods before starting the work on the
job.
• Its sets time standard for different jobs.
• It assists in constructing time formulae.
• It aids in the pre-balancing of the manufacturing lines.
• It provides a basis for wage plans and labour cost estimation.
• It facilitates training of the workers and supervisors.
Advantages of PMTS
• It eliminates inaccuracies associated with stop watch time study.
• It is superior to stop watch time study when applied to short cycle
highly repetitive operations.
• Time standard for a job can be arrived at without going to the place of
work.
• Unlinke stop watch study, no rating factor is employed.
• PMTS data, since it is the result of very large number of observations,
is more reliable and accurate as compared to stop watch time study.
• The time and cost associated with finding the standard time for a job
is considerably reduced.
Advantages of PMTS
• Alternative methods are compared easily
• PMTS helps in tool and product design.
Limitations of PMTS
• PMTS can deal only with manual motions of an operation.
• All categories of motions have not been taken into consideration while
collecting PMTS data.
• They are not economical for non-repetitive operations.
• They cannot be applied to restricted work (refer to process time studies)
• PMTS’s are restrictive in nature because they have been built on data
taken from particular operations and thus PMTS provides better results
if applied to that type of work/operation only.
• The need of trained/skilled personnel.
Applications of PMTS
It is generally employed for following types of jobs:
Machining Work
Maintenance Work
Assembly Jobs
Servicing
and Office work
Pre-Determined Time Motion Systems Methods
• MTM (Method Time Measurement)
• Work Factor System
• Motion Time Analysis
• Dimensional Motion Times
• Basic Motion Times
MTM (Method Time Measurement)
• This system was developed by method time
measurement association and it got recognition in 1948.
• Unlike work factor system, M-T-M does not required any
modification of the basic time values.
• Moreover the basic human movements in this system
are analyzed in more details.
• M-T-M measures time in terms of TMUs (Time
Measurement Units) and 1 TMU = 0.0006 mins.
• M-T-M analyses an industrial job into the basic human
movements required to do the same.
According to M-T-M, basic classification of motions
(i) Reach – R
(ii) Move-M
(iii) Turn and Apply Pressure – T and AP
(iv) Grasp – G
(v) Position – P
(vi) Release – RL
(vii) Disengage – D
(viii) Eye travel time and eye focus time
(ix) Body, Leg and foot motions
(x) Simultaneous motions
Work Factor System
Classification of W.F.
1. Detailed Work Factor.
2. Simplified Work Factor.
3. Abbreviated Work Factor.
4. Ready Work Factor.
Detailed W.F.
Includes some basic motions whose time in turn is modified by the
elements of difficulty.
Time increases with increase in number of difficulties.
Number of work factors is proportional to time taken for a motion.
Considers the following elements of work:
a. Assemble- Putting objects together.
b. Disassemble- Separating different parts of a body.
c. Grasp- Taking hold of something.
d. Mental Process- Involves sort, inspect, recollect etc.
Detailed W.F.
e. Preposition- Locating an article in predetermined position.
f. Release- Releasing or letting go an object.
g. Transport- Moving an article or hand from one place to another.
h. Use- Manipulating or causing a tool to do its work.
i. Body member which performs the motion:
a. Arm-A
b. b. Leg-L
c. c. Trunk-T
d. Finger-Hand (F-H)
e. Foot- Ft
f. Forearm Swivel- FS
Detailed W.F.
ii.Distance
iii.
Weight or Resistance
iv.Manual Control
a. Steering or Directional Control (S)
b. Change of Direction Work Factor (U).
c. Precaution or Care (P).
d. Manner of Terminating the Motion(D-Definite stop).
Steps involved in finding the operation time:
e. Analyse the job in detail into individual motions.
f. Determine the number of work factors associated with each motion.
Detailed W.F.
c. Find the time for each motion from the table provided.
d. Add the times for each motion.
e. Add the appropriate allowances to arrive at standard time.
