MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY (MUST)
MODULE NAME:
TECHNICAL DRAWING1
MODULE CODE:EE 6120
NUMBER OF CREDITS:7.
ASSESSMENT –CA-40%
SE-60%
COURSE MASTER : MR GWAU
ASSESSMENT –CA-50%
• Class works – 10 marks
• Assignments -10 marks
• Practical design drawing 10 - marks
• Test 0ne – 10 Marks
WHAT IS
Technical
drawing or
ENGINEERING
DRAWING ?
language of the
engineering
Engineering drawing
• Engineering drawings are used to communicate
design ideas and technical information to
engineers and other professionals throughout
the design process.
• Size
• Shape
• Material
• Quantity
• Surface finish
INTRODUCTION
Drawing is the language of the engineering and
building industry. Apart from the graphic
representation, it has a vocabulary and terminology
of its own.
An engineer's or architect’s drawing serves mainly
to convey information and instruction regarding
form, proportions, dimensions, material and finish
of parts, or buildings which are to be manufactured
or erected.
Introduction
Drawings are also essential during the early
design stages when various alternative
arrangements and constructions are being
investigated and costs are being estimated.
After production has been completed, the
drawings form permanent records of work
accomplished.
IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL DRAWING
• Technical drawing allows efficient
communication among artisan, technicians ,
and engineers
• Drawing can be kept as a record of the
planning process.
• describe the shapes and sizes of components.
IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL DRAWING
• Since a picture is worth a thousand words, a
technical drawing is a much more effective
tool for engineers than a written plan.
Course content
• Course content
Introduction-
purpose of drawing in industry , use of drawing
instruments and materials
Layout, lettering and types of lines-standard
paper sizes, drawing layout methods titles
blocks, lettering types of lines and application
Course content
Geometrical construction;
Bisection and division of lines and angles
perpendicular , triangles arcs , tangents,
polygons, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola
Conic sections
Ellipse , parabola and hyperbola
loci; helix , epicycloids hypocycloid , involutes,
archimedean spiral
Course content
• Scale , Reducing . Enlarging one to one, plain
and diagonal scales
• Pictorial drawing( isometric and oblique
projection)
• Orthographic projection(first and third angle
projection)
• Dimensioning (basic dimension rules types of
dimensioning dimensioning of various object
Course content
• Drawing conventions :conventions in screw
threads, fasteners , springs spur gears and
shafts
Engineering drawing
STANDARDS
• Special drawing instruments
• Measurement ( metric and imperial system
• Drawing paper
• types of lines standards
• Lettering standards
• Dimensioning standards
• Drawing methods
Standard Drawing instruments
Protractor
Set-Square
Compass
Try-Square
Drawing Board
Tee- square
Measurement
• There are two types of unit standard
measurements
• Metric unit standard . Mm,cm meter etc
• Imperial unit standard Inch, feet etc
Measurement
There are two types of unit standard measurements
Metric unit standard . Mm,cm meter etc
Imperial unit standard
• Imperial unit standard Inch, feet etc
PAPER SIZES
The ISO most recommended paper sizes for
technical drawings are known as A-FORMATS.
Designation Dimensions (mm)
A0 841×1189
A1 594×841
A2 420×594
A3 297×420
A4 210×297
The A sizes series of drawing sheet
A2
A1
A4
A3
A5
LINES
All lines must be clear and dense in order to obtain
good reproduction.
The line thickness and density should match
those of the original work.
The use of hard pencil for thin lines and soft
pencil for thick lines; two or more pencil strokes
should be used for extra lines.
The actual thickness of line may vary with the size
of the drawing
TYPES OF LINES
Solid lines: Solid lines on drawings may be either
extra thick, thick or thin lines.
Thick lines are used to depict visible object lines,
short break lines, phantom lines and ditto lines.
Dashed lines: Lines depicting hidden features
and phantom details should always being and
end with a dash contacting the lines at which
they start and end, except when such a dash
would form a continuation of a visible detail line.
TYPES OF LINES
Centre lines: Centre lines are used to indicate
centre points, axes of cylindrical parts and axes
of symmetry. Solid centre lines are often used
as a simplified drawing practice.
TYPES OF LINES AND THEIR APPLICATION
TYPES OF LINES AND THEIR APPLICATION
TYPES OF LINES AND THEIR APPLICATION
DRAWING LINES
TECHNIQUES: Drawing Horizontal Lines
• Hold the clutch pencil as shown
• In this case the palm must face downwards towards the
paper.
• The pencil must move from left to right across the paper.
• Draw a very faint line and then darken.
• Note the hand direction.
A B
A1 B1
27
DRAWING LINE
Drawing Vertical Lines
• Hold the clutch pencil as shown.
• The outside edge of your palm and little finger must rest
lightly on the
A A1
B B1
28
DRAWING LINE
A
C
B
Drawing Diagonal Lines
29
Lettering:
♥ In an engineering drawing, it is necessary that the drawing of a component should accompany with some written details, to
convey the technical information such as name of the company, part details, information regarding the component,
manufacturing process, scale etc. Representing the above particulars and sizes of a component on an engineering drawing
is known as Lettering.
Note: Lettering includes both alphabets and numbers.
♥ Lettering should be done with free hand and not with drawing instruments.
♥ Both vertical and inclined letters are in use.
♥ In an engineering drawing all the letters must be in upper-case and lower-case letters are used for abbreviations.
♥ The scale (other than full size scale) and required answers should be written (with H pencil) beneath the corresponding
problem taking the size of letters (use vertical capital letters) as 5mm.
♥ Alphabets and numbers should be obtained in single stroke of the pencil.
30
LETTERING
Lettering used in engineering drawing is referred
to as a Single Stroke
The letters can be made either freehand or by use
of lettering devices.
There should be adequate spacing of about 3
mm between letters.
LETTERING
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X YZ
abcdefghIjklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890
LETTERING
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X YZ
abcdefghIjklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890
TITLE BLOCK
In any engineering drawing, a Title Block is
included at the bottom right-hand corner.
The Title Blocks are locally standardized
but should be designed in such a way that
it can be easily understood.
Layout of A3 size drawing sheet for university
exams:
MUST
TITLE BLOCK- Layout of A4 size drawing sheet
for university exams:
20 5
3 4
0 0
3
0 5 8 3
1 180
5 0 4 0
INFORMATION NEEDED -TITLE
BLOCK
MUST
Thank you
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