SIMPLIFIED INSTRUCTIONAL COMPUTER

EXTRA EQUIPMENT. (SICXE)

 Memory
 Registers
 Data format
 Instruction Format
 Addressing Mode
 Instruction Set
 Input and Output

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Memory
 The 8 bytes are usually contained by the memory. In
SIC/XE system, the maximum available memory is 1
megabyte that means 220 bytes.
 The memory size of standard SIC is very small.
 Due to these memory size changes, the addressing mode
and instruction format are changed in the simplified
instructional computer extra expensive (SIC/XE).
 Just like the SIC, in the architecture of SIC/XE, a word
(24 bits) can be formed with the help of 3 consecutive
bytes.
 In SIC/XE, all the addresses are byte addresses.
 With the help of location of lower number bytes of a
word, a word can be addressed.
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Registers
 Instead of the registers of SIC (simplified instructional
computer), there are 4 additional general-purpose
registers in the SIC/XE.
 That means there are total 9 registers (4 additional
registers + 5 registers of SIC).
 The four additional registers of SIC/XE are described as
Mnemonic
follows: Number Special use
B (Base Register) 3 This type of register is mainly used
for addressing.
S 4 This type of register is a general-
purpose register, and there is no
special use of this register.
T 5 This type of register is also the
general-purpose register, and there
is no special use of this register.
F 6 This is a floating-point register.

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 Mnemonic Number Special use
0 This register is used to perform the
A (Accumulator) arithmetic operations.

1 This register is used for addressing.

X (Index Register)
2 If there is a case of the subroutine, this
L (Linkage Register) register will save the return address of an
instruction.

8 This register is used to store the next

PC (Program Counter) instruction address, which will be executed.

9 This register is used to contain a variety of

SW (Status Word) information such as Conditional code (CC).

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Data format
 The data format of a SIC standard version and SIC/XE is almost
the same.
 There are some differences in data formats, which are
described as follows:
 Sign bits 0 and 1 are represented by S. Here, 1 is used to show
negative, and bit 0 is used to show positive.
 With the help of binary numbers, the integers are represented.
 With the help of ASCII codes, the characters are represented.
 Exponent is a type of unsigned binary number, which is
represented with the help of a value between 0 and 2047.
 Fraction is represented with the help of a value between 0 and
1.

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Instruction Format
 The instruction format of simplified instructive format is not enough for
SIC/XE because the available memory size of SIC/XE is 220 bytes. That
means an address of SIC/XE cannot fit into the field of 15 bit.
 There are two ways to solve the memory-related problem, which is
described as follows:
 It can be solved with the help of using relative addressing, which is shown
by instruction format 3.
 It can be solved by extending the address field to 20 bits, which is shown
by instructive format 4.

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Format 1: It is a 1-byte format.

Format 2: It is a 2-byte format.

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 Format 3: It is a 3-byte format.

•n is used to show the indirect bit

•i is used to show the immediate b
Format 4: It is a 4-byte format. •x is used to show the index bit
•b is used to show the base bit
•p is used to show the PC relati
bit
•e is used to show the extended b

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Addressing Mode:

Mode Indication Target Address Calculation

Base Relative b = 1, p = 0 TA = (B) + (0 ≤ disp ≤ 4095)

disp

Program b = 0, p = 1 TA = (PC) + (-2048 ≤ disp ≤

Counter disp 2047)
Relative

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Instruction Set:

Arithmetic Instruction:
SIC uses memory and register A to perform the operations.
With the help of register, the result will be stored. The
arithmetic instructions are represented with the help of
ADD, MUL, SUB, DIV, etc
1.LDA ALPHA It uses register A to load the ALPHA.
2.ADD INCR It is used to add the value of INCR.
3.LDA GAMMA It is used to load the GAMMA into regis
ter A.
4.SUB ONE It is used to subtract 1.
5.STA DELTA It is used to store in DELTA.

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Load and Store Instruction:

 It is used to store or move the data from memory to

accumulator or from the accumulator to memory.
 The load and store instructions are represented with the
help of LDX, STA, LDA, STX, etc.

1.LDA ALPHA ⇔ (A) ← (ALPHA)

2.STA ALPHA ⇔ (ALPHA) ← (A)

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Comparison Instruction:

 It is used to compare the contents in register A and the data in

memory.

 It uses the CC (conditional code) of SW to save the result. The

comparison instruction is represented with the help of COMP.

For example:
1.COMP ALPHA ⇔ CC ← (<, +, >) of (A) ? (ALPHA)

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Input and Output
 The SIC/XE provides the I/O channel. With the help of this channel, we
can perform the operations of input and output while the CPU (Central
processing unit) is executing the other instructions.
 It also allows the overlapping of input or output and computing. Due to
this overlapping, the architecture of SIC/XE has become more
effective.
 The instruction sets of I/O are SIO, TIO, and HIO, which have the
ability to start, test, and halt the operations of I/O channel,
respectively.

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