PHYSICAL PHARMACY
OBJECTIVES
• After this lectures students will be able to,
– Describe the methods of preparation of colloids
– Describe different methods of purification of
colloids
METHODS OF PREPARATION
1. LYOPHILIC COLLOIDS
2. LYOPHOBIC COLLOIDS
1. Dispersion method
1. Colloid mill
2. Electrical method
3. Ultrasonic irradiation
4. Peptisation
2. Condensation method
• LYOPHILIC COLLOIDS
affinity dispersion
LYOPHOBIC COLLOIDS
1. Dispersion method
1. Colloid mills
Shearing dispersion
Colloid mills
• Electrical disintegration or Bredig’s Arc
method: This process involves dispersion as
well as condensation. Colloidal sols of metals
such as gold, silver, platinum, etc., can be
prepared by this method. In this method,
electric arc is struck between electrodes of the
metal immersed in the dispersion medium
(Figure depicted below). The intense heat
produced vapourises the metal, which then
condenses to form particles of colloidal size.
Electrical disintegration or Bredig’s Arc
method
• Ultrasonic irradiation: Upon irradiation with
high intensity sound or ultrasound, cavitation
usually occurs.
• Cavitation – the formation, growth, and
implosive collapse of bubbles irradiated with
sound.
• This leads to dispersion of solute.
Ultrasonic irradiation
Peptisation / Deflocculation
• Addition of ions to produce charge needed to
stabilize the colloidal preparation.
CONDENSATION
• Aggregation of particles of molecular range
leads to the formation of colloidal particles.
1.Chemical reaction converting true solution
into colloidal dispersion.
2.Change in solvent.
PURIFICATION
• PURPOSE: To separate the smaller particles.
PURIFICATION
METHODS
1. DIALYSIS
2. ELECTRODIALYSIS
3. ULTRAFILTRATION
PURIFICATION
• DIALYSIS
– Introduced by Graham
– Uses animal membrane for separation.
– Dialyzer
DIALYSIS
PURIFICATION
– ELECTRODIALYSIS
– Charged particles are removed by applying electric
current
PURIFICATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
• Separation occurs by applying pressure
• Porous plates are used to support the separating
membrane.
