Basic Landline system
• All electronic communications systems have the
basic form whether it is a wired or wireless system.
• The information to be communicated, usually voice,
is first converted into an electrical signal by a
microphone.
• Signal is then processed by the circuits in a
transmitter (TX) and then sent via a communications
medium to a receiver (RX) .
• Receiver processes the signal and converts it back
into voice by a speaker or headphones.
Basic Landline system
Basic Landline system
• A basic landline telephone or telephone set is an
analog baseband transceiver.
• It has a handset that contains a microphone and a
speaker, better known as a transmitter and a receiver.
• Ringer: The ringer is either a bell or an electronic
oscillator connected to a speaker. It is continuously
connected to the twisted pair of the local loop back
to the central office. When an incoming call is
received, a signal from the central office causes the
bell or ringer to produce a tone.
Basic Landline system
• Switch Hook: A switch hook is a double-pole mechanical
switch controlled by the telephone handset. When the
handset is on the hook, it's open, isolating the telephone
circuitry from the central office local loop. When the handset
is taken off the hook for a call, it closes the switch, connecting
the telephone to the local loop and enabling the call.
Basic Landline system
• Dialing Circuits: Dialing circuits in telephones allow
users to input the desired phone number. Older phones used
pulse dialing, where a rotary dial created on/off pulses
matching the dialed digit, forming a binary code for the
central office. Modern phones typically use tone dialing,
specifically the dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) system,
employing pushbuttons to generate pairs of audio tones for
each digit dialed.
Basic Landline system
• Handset: This unit contains a microphone for the
transmitter and a speaker or receiver.
• Hybrid: The hybrid circuit is a special transformer
used to convert signals from the four wires from
the transmitter and receiver to a signal suitable
for a single two-line pair to the local loop.
• Local loop: The two-wire, twisted-pair connection
between the telephone and the central offi ce is
referred to as the local loop or subscriber loop.
Basic Landline system
Basic Landline system
Basic Landline system
The transmit mode:
1. Indicates to the telephone system that a call is
to be made when the handset is lifted
2. Indicates that the telephone system is ready to
use by generating a signal called the dial tone
3. Provides a way of transmitting the telephone
number to be called to the telephone system
4. Receives an indication that the call is being
made by receiving a ringing tone
Basic Landline system
The receive mode provides:
1. An incoming signal that rings a bell or
produces an audio tone indicating that a call is
being received
2. A signal to the telephone system indicating
that the signal has been answered
3. Transducers to convert voice to electric signals
and electric signals to voice
Basic Landline system
