Histology Muscle
Dr. Rohini Kori
• Introduction
• Types of muscle
• Structure of skeletal muscle
• Structure of myofibril
• Types of skeletal muscle fibers
• Parts of skeletal muscle
• Blood supply of SM
Introduction
• Contractile tissue
• Muscle cells are often called as muscle fibres
or myocytes
• Produce contractions
• Muscle bundles or fascicles
• Form to the body and provides heat
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Types of muscle
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Structurally:
• Striated : skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Non striated: smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
striped/striated/somatic/voluntary
• Voluntary muscle
• Bulk of the muscular
tissue
• Somatic motor nerves
• Long multinucleated
fibers made up of
myofilaments, actin,
myosin and tropomycin.
• Cross striations
Parts of muscle
• Two ends:
• Origin :
• Insertion:
• Two parts:
• Flesh part:
• Fibrous part:
• (tendon)
• Flattened part is
aponeurosis.
Cardiac muscle
• Found only in heart
• Autonomic nerves
• Involuntary
• Branching network
• Centrally placed Single
nucleus
• Cross-striations are less
prominent.
Smooth muscle
• Surround the viscera
• Involuntary
• Non striated
• Autonomic nerve
• Central nucleus
• Capable of slow and
sustained contractions.
Structure of skeletal muscle
• A. contractile tissue:
• Muscle fibres:
• Multinucleated
• Cross-striated
• Cylindrical cell(myocyte)
• 1-300mm long
• Sarcolemma(cell membrane)
• Sarcoplasm(cytoplasm)
• Myofibril: dark(A) and light
(I)bands.
• Dark (A): H band and M band
• Light (I) :Z line
Structure of Skeletal muscle
• Muscle fasciculi
• Each fiber consists of a
group of myofibrils
• Myofibril is composed of
a group of myofilaments.
• Actin and myosin.
Muscle fasciculi
fibres myofibril
myofilaments.
Structure of Skeletal muscle
• B. supporting tissue:
• Endomycium:
• Perimycium:
• Epimycium:
Structure of Skeletal muscle
• C. types of fibres:
• 1. type I(slow) fibres :
• Slow tonic contraction
• Red in colour
• Large amount of
myoglobin
• Rich in mitochondria and
oxidative enzymes
• Poor in phosphorylases
• Highly resistant in fatigue.
• 2. Type II (fast) fibres:
• Fast phasic contraction
• Paler in colour
• 3. intermediate fibres:
Red fibres/ White fibres/type II
type I
Diameter Small Large
Blood supply Rich blood supply Poor blood supply
Nerve supply Small nerve fibres Large nerve supply
Contraction Slow twitch Fast switch
Force of contraction Weak Strong
Fatigue Fatigue later Easily fatigue
Myoglobin Plenty, gives it red colour scanty
Mitochondria Rich Scanty
ATP Poor Rich
Oxidative enzymes Rich poor
Fascicular architecture of muscle
• A. parallel fasciculi
• B. oblique fasciculi
• C. spiral or twisted
fasciculi
Feature used in naming muscle
• Shape: deltoid
• Quadratus
• Rhomboid
• Teres
• Gracilis
• Lumbrical
• rectus
• Size:
• Major
• Minor
• Longus
• Brevis
• Latissimus
• longissmus
• Number of heads:
• Biceps
• Triceps
• Quadriceps
• Diagastric
• Attachment:
• Sternocleidomastoid
• brachialis
• Depth:
• Superficialis
• Profundus
• Externus
• Internus
• Position:
• Anterior & posterior
• Medial & lateral
• Superior & inferior
• Supra & infra
• Dorsi
• Brachii
• Femoris
• Oris
• Oculi
• Structure:
• Half muscle, half tendon
• Serrated edge
• Action :
• Extensor
• Flexor
• Abductor
• Adductor
• Levator
• Depressor
• Supinator
• Pronator
• Constrictor
• Dilator
• Abductor
Nerve supply of skeletal muscle
• Motor fibres (60%)
• Sensory fibres (40%)
• Smooth muscle:
• Single unit type
• Multi unit type
• Cardiac muscle:
• Sympathetic
• parasympathetic
Actions of muscles
• Prime movers(agonists)
• Antagonists(opponents)
• Fixators
• Synergists
Clinical anatomy
• Paralysis: loss of motor power
• Muscle spasm
• Atrophy and hypertropy
• Regeneration of skeletal
muscle
• Hyperplasia
• Myasthenia gravis
• Polymyisitis
• Fibrillation
• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial ischaemia
Spurt muscle like (Brachialis muscle) that give force during movement.
Spurt muscle mean: muscle has its origin some distance from joint which it acts and its
insertion near the joint. This enables the spurt muscle to apply force across the bone instead
of along to create movement about the joint. Spurt muscles tend to be prime movers and
the bicep brachii is classified as a spurt muscle.
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2- Shunt muscle like ( Brachradialis muscle) that give stabilizer.
Shunt muscle mean : muscle has its proximal attachment near the joint at which act , and its
distal attachment at some distance from joint.
As a shunt muscle contracts it applies force along the bones and pulls the joint surfaces
together in order to stabilise the joint. The brachialis and brachioradialis are examples of
shunt muscles.
Compitancy
• 3.1- classify muscle tissue according to
structure and action
• 3.2- enumerate parts of skeletal muscle and
differentiate between tendons and
aponeuroses with examples
• Explain shunt and spurt muscles.
