JHADA SIRHA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE JAGDALPUR
BASTAR (C.G)
PRESENTATION ON TORNADO
GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY:
MR. YOGESHWAR SAHU PRACHI SAHU
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, CIVIL) ROLL NO. – 300802021006
CONTENTS
What is a Tornado?
How Tornadoes Form
Types of Tornadoes
The Enhanced Fujita (EF)
Impact of Tornado
Safety from Tornado
Tornado Prone Areas in India
Conclusion
TORNADO
A tornado is a rotating column of air that descends
from a thunderstorm to the ground, causing damage
and destruction in its path. It is a complex and rare
weather phenomenon that forms when a combination
of atmospheric conditions come together.
Fig no. 01
HOW TORNADOES FORM
Tornadoes form when a thunderstorm has the right
combination of winds and air currents:
Rising warm air: In a thunderstorm, warm, humid air
rises, while cool air falls.
Spinning air: Winds blowing in different directions at
different altitudes cause the rising air to spin.
Sinking air: Air in the storm sinks to the ground and
spreads out across it in gusts.
Rotating updraft: The updraft begins to rotate if winds
vary sharply in speed or direction.
Vortex: The rotating updraft grows into a vortex, a spinning
column of air at the center of the storm.
Tilting vortex: As the supercell grows in size, the vortex
tilts, pulling warm air and moisture upward and pushing
cold dry air down toward the ground.
Funnel cloud: The updraft of warm air causes the vortex to swell
with water vapor, creating a spiraling funnel cloud.
Tornado: If the funnel cloud touches the ground, it's a tornado.
Dust and debris beneath the funnel confirm a tornado's presence.
Fig no. 02 Fig no. 03
TYPES OF TORNADOES
There are several types of tornadoes, classified based on
their characteristics, formation mechanisms, and impact.
Here are some of the main types of tornadoes:
1. Landspout: A weak tornado that forms in a weak
thunderstorm.
2. Waterspout: A tornado that forms over water.
3. Multiple-vortex tornado: A tornado with multiple
columns of rotation.
4. Supercell Tornado: A tornado that forms in a strong,
long-lived thunderstorm called a supercell.
5. Long-lived tornado: A tornado that stays on the ground
for a longdistance, often causing significant damage.
6. Violent tornado: A tornado with extremely high wind
speeds, often causing catastrophic damage.
Fig no. 04 Fig no. 05
Fig no. 06 Fig no. 07
THE ENHANCED FUJITA (EF)
The Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale is a system used to
classify the intensity of tornadoes based on the damage
they cause:
What it measures : The EF scale rates tornadoes on a
scale of 0 to 5 based on estimated wind speeds and
damage to structures and vegetation
How it works : The EF scale uses 28 damage indicators
to assign a rating after a tornado has passed through
When it was adopted : The EF scale was adopted in the
United States in 2007 and in Canada in 2013
The EF Scale rates tornadoes from EF0 (light damage) to EF5
(incredible damage). The ratings are based on the wind speed,
damage, and area affected. Here is a breakdown of the EF
Scale:
Fig no. 08
IMPACTS OF TORNADO
Tornadoes can have devastating impacts on communities,
including:
1. Loss of life: Tornadoes can cause fatalities, injuries, and
trauma.
2. Property damage: Tornadoes can destroy homes,
businesses, and infrastructure, leading to significant
economic losses.
3. Displacement: Tornadoes can leave people homeless and
displaced
4. Environmental damage: Tornadoes can cause pollution,
soil erosion, and damage to natural habitats.
5. Psychological trauma: Survivors may experience anxiety,
PTSD, and other mental health issues.
6. Economic disruption: Tornadoes can disrupt businesses,
industries, and entire economies.
7. Infrastructure damage: Tornadoes can damage or destroy
critical infrastructure, such as power lines, roads, and
bridges.
9. Water and food shortages: Tornadoes can contaminate
water sources and disrupt food supplies.
10. Long-term health effects: Tornadoes can lead to long-
term health issues, such as respiratory problems and mental
health conditions.
Fig no. 09 Fig no. 10
SAFETY FROM TORNADO
Find shelter: If you're at home, go to the basement or an
interior room on the lowest floor without windows. If you
don't have a basement, go to a closet, bathroom, or center
hallway.
Protect yourself: Get under something sturdy like a
workbench or heavy table. Cover your body with a blanket,
sleeping bag, or mattress. Protect your head with your
hands or anything else you have.
Avoid these areas: Stay away from vehicles, areas with
many trees, and windows and glass doorways. Don't use
elevators because the power may fail.
Lie down: If you're outside, lie down flat in a low spot on
the ground, like a gully or ditch. Cover your head with your
hands.
Be aware of flooding: Be aware of the possibility of
flooding in ditches or depressions.
Don't stay under bridges or overpasses: Winds or
Fig no. 11
TORNADO PRONE AREAS IN INDIA
Here are some of the tornado-prone areas in India:
1. Eastern India: The eastern states of India, including West
Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, and Jharkhand, are prone to
tornadoes due to their location in the path of the southwest
monsoon.
2. Northeastern India: The northeastern states of India,
including Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura, are
also prone to tornadoes due to their location in a region of
high atmospheric instability.
3. Gangetic Plains: The Gangetic Plains, which cover parts
of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, are prone to
tornadoes due to the presence of warm, moist air from the
Bay of Bengal.
4. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana: The states of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana in southern India are also prone to
tornadoes, particularly during the pre-monsoon season.
CONCLUSION
Tornadoes are powerful and unpredictable natural
disasters that can cause devastating damage and loss
of life. However, by understanding the causes,
characteristics, and safety measures, we can
minimize the risks and impacts. Remember,
preparation and awareness are key to staying safe
during a tornado.
Fig no. 12
THANKYOU