Infrared Sensors
Professors: Trần Văn Hướng
Student: Trần Hoàng Vũ
20226886
Park Thái Dương
20226823
Nguyễn Huy Tiến
20226820
Topic
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Design
• 3. Interpreting sensor data
• 4. Circuit diagram
• 5.Detection range and response time
• 6.Conclusion
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1.Introduct
ion
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Definition
Infrared sensors are devices that can
sense and measure infrared light, which is
invisible to the human eye. This light
typically falls in the wavelength range of
700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter
(mm). Since IR radiation is emitted by
objects as heat, these sensors are widely
used in systems that detect changes in
temperature or motion.
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Classify
Passive IR sensors Active IR sensor
PIR sensors do not emit radiation but These sensors emit infrared radiation
instead detect infrared radiation and detect its reflection from objects.
emitted by nearby objects. They are They are used for proximity detection,
commonly used in motion detectors for remote controls, and obstacle detection.
security systems and automatic lighting.
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Structure
• Detection
Mechanism
• Components
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Detection Mechanism
Infrared sensors detect
the heat (infrared
radiation) radiated by
objects. The sensor
converts this radiation
into electrical signals,
which are then
processed to determine
information such as
motion or temperature
changes.
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Components
These sensors typically
consist of an infrared light
source (for active sensors), a
lens that focuses the incoming
radiation, and a detector
(usually a photodiode or
thermopile) that measures the
intensity of infrared light.
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Formula
1. Reflection Formula for IR Proximity Sensors:
Where:
• Ir is the intensity of the reflected infrared light.
•Ie is the emitted infrared light intensity.
• d is the distance between the sensor and the object
2. Distance Calculation Using Infrared Light
(Time-of-Flight):
Where:
• D is the distance between the sensor and the object.
• c is the speed of light (approximately 3x10^8 m/s).
• t is the time it takes for the infrared light to travel to the
object and back.
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2.Design
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Design
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IR LED
The IR LED in an IR Sensor acts as a beacon, emitting infrared light.
This invisible yet powerful light forms the basis of the sensor’s
abilities. The choice of IR LED impacts the IR sensor range, which
can vary significantly based on the application.
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Photodiode of IR sensor
The IR LED emits light, and the Photodiode reacts to it. Because of
this sensitivity, the IR Sensor can pick up changes in its surroundings
and turn them into electrical signals. The Photodiode’s accuracy plays
a big role in detecting how far the IR sensor can reach, making it a
key part of the sensor.
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Resistors and Capacitors
The circuit board integrates
resistors and capacitors, often
accompanied by a
potentiometer for adjusting
sensitivity. This carefully crafted
ensemble of components
ensures the accurate detection
of IR light. It makes the sensor
versatile in various applications,
from simple DIY projects to
complex industrial systems.
Understanding these
components is crucial for
anyone looking to harness the
full potential of IR sensor
technology in their endeavors.
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Arduino Nano
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Information of Arduino Nano
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3.Interpreti
ng sensor
data
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Interpreting sensor data
-If there is obstacle that is in
detection range of the sensor,
the output data would be
Boolean’s value “0”.
-Else, the output data would be
Boolean’s value “1”.
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Code
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Application
Proximity Sensor Auto Flusher Urinal
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4.Circuit
diagram
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Circuit Diagram
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5.Detection range and response time
1,Detection range
-Normally, an average infrared
sensor could detect object from 2-
30cm from the sensor. However, due
to mass production and lack of
quality control, various other
factors, our sensor could realistically
detect objects from 2-6cm
depending on the surface.
2.Response time
-By using manufacturer's datasheet,
the infrared sensor response time
would be less than 500 ms,
however, due to significantly lacking
in knowledge, we can't yet to find a
subjective and reliable way to
measure the response time of our
sensor. But from the very crude way
of optical evaluation, the response
time might be more than 500 ms,
depending on the surface of the
given object. 23
6.Conclusion
Infrared sensors are crucial
for a wide variety of
applications ranging from
simple proximity sensing to
complex thermal imaging
and distance measurement.
Their ability to detect and
respond to infrared radiation
makes them versatile, but
their performance can be
influenced by factors like
environmental conditions,
distance, and object type.
When choosing an IR sensor
for a project, understanding
these parameters is
essential for ensuring its
proper functionality.
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THANK
YOU !
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