CLASSES AND OBJECTS
Class contains data and program code(functions)
Ex: class student
{
int sub1,sub2,total;
void setmarks()
{
sub1=10,sub2=20;
}
}
OBJECTS:
Objects are real life entities. Objects consists of state,
behaviour, identity.
class student
{
student s1;
s1=new student();
}
Local Variables : variables inside the block or methods.
Instance variables : variables within the class and outside
the method.
Class variables : variables within the class and outside the
method, with static keyword.
Polymorphism: One in many forms(Method Overloading)
Different forms of methods with same name.
Ex: int max(int x, int y)
int max(int x, int y, int z)
CONSTRUCTORS:
It is a kind of method which is invoked when a new object is
created.
It has the same name as class name.
Visibility Modifiers(Access Modifiers)
The Four P’s of protection are public, protected, private,
package.
Default-Package
Public-accessed by all
Protected-accessed only by methods with friend
Private-accessed only within the class or method
COMPOSITION AND AGGREGATION
Has-a relationship between classes.
Ex: class person , he has name address
ACCESSOR AND MUTATOR
METHODS:
Accessor Methods : Allows Private data to be used by
others.
Getter Methods: If we want other methods to read only
the data value.
Mutator Methods : Allows modification to the private
data by the users.
Setter Methods: If we want other methods to modify
the data value.
ARRAY:
An array is a collection of similar type of elements.
1D(List of Items), 2D(Matrix Rows and Columns)
Ex: int marks[]………..declare array object
marks= new int[5]………create array object
int marks[]={10,20,30}
2D: int marks[][]= new int[5][3]
public class Array
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int [] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int element: array)
{
System.out.println(element);
}
}
}
STRING:
Sequence of characters. Enclosed in “ “
To store string two classes String and StringBuffer.
Calendar class and Date class are provided in
java.util.package
GregorianCalendar is the subclass of Calendar class
