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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH
PARAMETERS OF FERROCHROME SLAG
INCORPORATED CONCRETE
Guided by : Presented by :
Ms. ARYA J SHIFA FARHANA
Assistant professor MARIA SAFNA PS
Dept of civil engineering
JANNATH SHERIN
NSSCE, PALAKKAD
SIDHARTH S ASOK
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Literature review
4. Literature summary
5. Gap identification
6. Methodology
7. Work progress( phase 1)
8. Results
9. Work to be completed(phase 2)
10. References
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INTRODUCTION
• Utilizing waste materials as substitutes for fine and
coarse aggregates is a sustainable alternative to not rely
on natural resources.
• Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is an industrial by-product
resulting from the smelting of chromite ore during the
production of ferrochrome.
• Dumping Ferrochrome slag (FCS) posses significant
environmental hazards.
Fig 1. Ferrochrome slag
• It possesses significant potential as a partial or complete
replacement for natural aggregates in concrete.
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OBJECTIVES
• To determine the performance of concrete by replacement of coarse
and fine aggregate with ferrochrome slag.
• To find the workability, compressive strength and split tensile test of
specimens.
• To compare the strength parameters of ordinary concrete and
ferrochrome incorporated concrete specimen.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTHOR JOURNAL INFERENCE
k.al-jabri.et.al.(2018) Reuse of waste ferrochrome It demonstrates the partial replacement of
slag in the production of the sand with ferrochrome slag and results
mortar with improved revealed considerable improvement in the
thermal and mechanical compressive and flexural strength of about
performance 33 and 39% respectively at 20% of
ferrochrome slag replacement.
Manoj K Dash.et.al(2018) Effects of water cooled The journal investigates the use of water-
ferrochrome slag as fine cooled ferrochrome slag (WCFS) as a
aggregate on the properties partial replacement for natural sand in
of concrete concrete,. It highlights that WCFS
significantly improves durability, enhancing
resistance to chloride penetration, acid, and
sulfate attacks.
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AUTHOR & YEAR TITLE FINDINGS
M. Zahedul Islam.et.al. Properties of concrete with The journal investigates the use of
(2021) ferrochrome slag as a fine ferrochrome slag (FCS) as a fine
aggregate at elevated aggregate in concrete, showing that
temperatures FCS improves compressive, tensile,
and flexural strength. FCS concrete
retains more strength and suffers less
mass loss and cracking when exposed
to elevated temperatures (up to
1000°C) compared to conventional
concrete.
Pattem Hemanth The journal demonstrates the use of
Kumar.et.al(2014) Implementation of industrial FCS as a partial or full replacement for
waste ferrochrome slag in calcined bauxite in refractory
conventional and low cement castables, showing that FCS improves
castables: Effect of microsilica the mechanical properties of the
addition(2014) material. FCS-based castables showed
improvements in cold crushing
strength, reduces porosity and
increases density, leading to better
mechanical performance when
microsilica was added.
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LITERATURE SUMMARY
• Ferrochrome slag(FCS), as a fine and coarse aggregate in concrete, enhances
its strength, durability, and resistance to fire.
• FCS provide a sustainable alternative to traditional materials.
• Concrete containing FCS exhibits superior fire resistance.
• FCS concrete is considered safe due to its low leachability.
• Water-cooled ferrochrome slag (WCFS) is a sustainable alternative to natural
sand in concrete construction.
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MIX DESIGN
Type of cement = OPC 53
Steps involved in mix design
1. Target strength
f ‘ck = fck+1.65S = 38.25 N/mm²
f ‘ck = fck +X=36.5N/mm²
2. Water cement ratio = 0.45 (IS 10262-2019 Figure 1)
3. Water content, 157.6 kg for 50 mm slump (15 456 Table 2)
4. Calculation of cement content = water content/water cement ratio = 157.6/0.4=413.33kg5.
5. Aggregate proportioning between coarse and fine aggregate
volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate for zone Il fine aggregate & 0.45 W/C=0.63
(IS 10262, Table 5)
Volume of fine aggregate = 0.451
Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.549
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6. Mix calculation
(a) Volume of concrete=1m³
(b) Volume of cement = 0.125m³
(c) Volume of water = 0.158m³
(d) Volume of admixture = 0.00386m³
(e) Mass of coarse aggregate (CA) = 1068kg
(f) Mass of fine aggregate (F.A) = 791kg
Results
1. Cement = 394kg/m³
2. Water = 157.6 kg/m³
3. Fine aggregate = 791 kg/m³
4. Coarse aggregate = 1068 kg/m³
5. Admixture = 1.72 kg/m³
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Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Water content
394 kg/m³ 791 kg/m³ 1068 kg/m³ 157.6 kg/m³
1 2 2.71 0.45
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GAP IDENTIFICATION
• Few studies focus specifically on how ferrochrome slag affects concrete strength.
• The study replaces ferrochrome slag at 15%, 25%, and 35% levels, differing from the reference
study's 10%, 20%, and 30%.
• There are no clear guidelines on how to best use ferrochrome slag in concrete.
• Environmental and cost benefits of using ferrochrome slag in concrete.
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METHODOLOGY
Literature review
Collection of materials ( ferrochrome slag and ferrochrome slag powder)
Testing of raw materials
Preparation of mix design
(a) Conventional concrete(M30)
(b) Replacement of fine aggregate-15%,25%,35%(To find optimum percentage)
(c) Replacement of coarse aggregate(maintaining optimum percentage of coarse
aggregate)
-15%,25%,35%
Casting
Curing
Testing of specimens (compressive strength, split tensile test)
Comparison of result
Conclusion
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WORK PROGESS(PHASE I)
TEST ON CEMENT
Grade of cement = M30
TEST IS CODE OBTAINED RANGE
VALUE
Specific gravity of cement IS 4031 (part xi) 1988 3.07 3-3.15 Fig 2. Specific gravity test
Normal consistency IS4031(part v) 1988 30% 26-33%
Initial setting time IS4031(part v) 1988 99 minutes Minimum 30
minutes
Final setting time IS4031(part v) 1988 250 minutes Maximum 600
minutes Fig 3. Final setting Fig 4. Initial setting time
time
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TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE
TEST IS CODE OBTAINED RANG
VALUE E
Specific gravity IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 2.5 2.5-3
Fig 5. Physical property test of fine aggregate
Bulk density IS 2386 (part iii)- 1.7 g/cc 1.4-1.7g/cc
1963
Fineness modulus S 2386 (part iii)-1963 3% 3-4%
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TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE
TEST IS CODE OBTAINED RANG
VALUE E
Specific gravity IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 2.86 2.5-3
Bulk density IS 2386 (part iii)- 1.57 g/cc 1.4-2 g/cc
1963
Fig 6. Physical property test of coarse aggregate
Fineness modulus S 2386 (part iii)-1963 6% 6-7%
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TESTS ON FERROCHROME SLAG
TEST IS CODE OBTAINED RANG
VALUE E
Specific gravity IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 2.63 2.5-3
Bulk density IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 1.57 g/cc 1.4-2 g/cc
Fig 7. Physical property test for ferrochrome slag
Fineness modulus IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 6.3% 6-7%
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TESTS ON FERROCHROME SLAG POWDER
TEST IS CODE OBTAINED RANG
VALUE E
Specific gravity IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 2.86 2.5-3
Bulk density IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 1.69 g/cc 1.4-1.7 Fig 8. Physical property test for ferrochrome slag powder
g/cc
Fineness modulus IS 2386 (part iii)-1963 3.8% 3-4%
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CASTING OF CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE
(a)Cube
• Size: 150x150x150mm
• Quantity: 3
• Compaction: 3 layers with vibrator
• Curing period: 7 days
Fig 9. Casting of cube
(b) Cylinder
• Size: 150x300mm
• Quantity: 3
• Compaction: 3 layers with vibrator
• Curing period: 7 days
Fig 10. Casting of cylinder
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SLUMP TEST
Fig 11. Preparation of concrete Fig 12. Fill slump cone with mix and compact it. Fig 13. Obtained slump
mix
• Slump value = 75mm
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RESULTS
TESTS CURING IS CODE AVG VALUE
PERIOD
Compressive 7 days IS 516-1959 30.52 N/mm2
strength Fig 14. Compressive strength of cube test
28 days 34.20 N/mm2
Tensile strength 28 days IS 5816-1959 3.10 N/mm2
Fig 15. Tensile strength of cylinder test
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PHASE II PROJECT PLAN
WORKS DEC JAN FEB MAR
Casting of ferrochrome slag incorporated concrete cubes and ✔ ✔
cylinders.
Computing of compressive strength and split tensile strength ✔
of FCS induced concrete.
Comparing results of normal and ferrochrome incorporated ✔ ✔
concrete
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25%
15% 35%
Fine
Aggregate
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Replacement of fine aggregate
CUBE
Percentage Strength(7 days) Strength(28 days)
15% 30.95 35.79
25% 32.7 36.71
35% 31.82 36.1
OPTIMUM PERCENTAGE= 25%
Fig 16. slag and aggregate Fig 17. Ferrochrome slag incorporated concrete cube
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1. Control specimen
2. 15%
3. 25%
4. 35%
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REFERENCES
• Al-Jabri, K., Shoukry, H., Khalil, I. S., Nasir, S., & Hassan, H. F. (2018). Reuse of Waste Ferrochrome Slag in
the Production of Mortar with Improved Thermal and Mechanical Performance. Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, 30(8). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002345
• Dash, M. K., & Patro, S. K. (2018). Effects of water cooled ferrochrome slag as fine aggregate on the properties
of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 177, 457–466.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.079
• Islam, M. Z., Sohel, K. M., Al-Jabri, K., & Harthy, A. A. (2021). Properties of concrete with ferrochrome slag as
a fine aggregate at elevated temperatures. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 15, e00599.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00599
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REFERENCES (cont..)
• Kumar, P. H., Srivastava, A., Kumar, V., Majhi, M. R., & Singh, V. K. (2014). Implementation of industrial waste
ferrochrome slag in conventional and low cement castables: Effect of microsilica addition. Journal of Asian
Ceramic Societies, 2(2), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2014.03.004
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CYLINDER
Percentage Strength(28 days)
15%
25%
35%
OPTIMUM PERCENTAGE=
Fig 18. Ferrochrome slag incorporated concrete cylinder
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MIX DESIGN
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THANK YOU
